If you're looking to find out what density is all about, its formula and how
to solve density related problems, you've come to the right video .
Hi! Welcome to ChemSimplified. I'm Dr. K and
in this video we'll go through how to calculate density using 2 examples.
In one of the examples, we will also touch on measuring
volume through water displacement, so stick around until the end if you're in that.
First off, here's the formula for density. It's pretty straightforward actually.
It's mass divided by volume.
Normally, density of solid is expressed in grams per cm cube. While for liquid it's
grams per ml. These two units are actually the same numerically because
1 cm cube is actually equals to 1 ml. It's just that when you measure the volume of
solid it's calculated in units of length cube. Meaning like cm cube meter cube.
Whereas for liquid, it's usually measured in milliliter. So that's why there's a
difference in the unit for the density of solid and liquid. For density of gas
it's usually expressed in grams per liter. That's because gas is the less dense
than liquid so if the density of gas is also reported in grams per ml, the value
would be very very small which is not very convenient to write, so that's why
it's normally reported in grams over liter.
Okay so now that we know the formula, let's talk about density. What are some
of the examples of density that are being applied in our daily lives?
Well, the first that I can think of is iceberg. We see frozen freshwater floating in seawater.
Now, the frozen freshwater has lower density than seawater and that's
why it floats. Another one that will be familiar would be ice soda. We have ice
floating in our soda. The reason the ice floats is because the
ice has lower density than soda water. The third one which may not seem related
to density is vaccine or medicine. So what does density have to do with
needles and vaccine? Think about this. Whenever you get a jab for something, right?
A vaccine for hepatitis or a vaccine for tetanus,
I don't know just something have you ever seen the doctor or the nurse weigh out
the mass of the vaccine? No, right? It's always measured using a syringe, correct?
Well that's because it's easier to measure the volume of a liquid than to
measure the mass of a liquid, so that's why the vaccine is always measured using the syringe.
So how do we know how much volume to draw out? Well it can be easily
calculated when the density of the vaccine is known. In fact let's go ahead
and do an example. Let's assume that we need to administer 1.2g
of vaccine X. Knowing that vaccine X has a density of 0.785 g/ml
at twenty degrees Celsius. We can calculate the volume that we can
easily measure out using the syringe. So let's start with the formula for density,
which is mass over volume. But since we want to calculate volume, let's rewrite
the formula a little bit. We arrange it so I bring volume up so then it becomes
volume equals mass over density. Now let's plug in the values that we have we have.
1.2 g for the mass and 0.785 g/ml for the density and
dividing these two numbers will give us 1.5 and if we cross out the unit it will
leave us with ml so the volume is 1.5 ml so we can easily draw out the volume of
1.5 ml using syringe much easier than if we were to measure out 1.2 g.
Make sense? This is a really direct simple problem related to density.
Now, let's look at another density related problem that's a little bit more difficult.
So we have a task here, which is to figure out whether the crown is
made out of pure gold or not and we're given two masses. The mass of the crown
in the air, that's 4258 g and the mass of the crown in water
that's 3926 g and then we are also given 2 densities for our reference.
One is for a gold and the other one is density of water and we're
given the look of the crown so it looks like a gold crown and we're trying to
figure out whether that's pure gold or not. So to figure out whether is pure
gold or not we basically have to figure out the density of the crown and then we
compare it with the density of gold so if we figure out that the density of
crown is somewhere near, really close to 19.31 we can conclude
that the crown is made out of pure gold, right? So you might be wondering why are
there two masses given for the crown? What's the purpose of it?
Well, take a look at the crown will you be able to measure the Crown's volume? I mean it's
not a perfectly shaped cone or a rectangle, so we can't apply a formula to
come up with a volume. So what we're gonna have to do is we're gonna displace
water and measure its volume that way. So we're gonna use Archimedes principle to
figure out the volume of our crown so we start off by measuring the mass of the
crown in the air and that's 4258 g so what we do is then we
fill up a tank all the way up to the spout with water and then we submerge
the crown. So once we submerge the crown some water will be displaced out.
That means we can use the mass of the displaced water to calculate the volume
of the crown. This is sometimes referred to as volume by water displacement.
It's a popular method to figure out the density of all shape object, so let's see how
we're going to figure out the volume of our crown using this way.
We start off by subtracting the two masses that were given. That will help us
figure out the mass of the water displaced so the mass of the crown in
the air is 4258 minus the mass of the crown in water which is
3926 subtracting these two numbers will give us 332 g.
So that is the mass of the water that is displaced out. Now since we know
the mass of the water and the question gave us the density of water, we can
easily figure out the volume of the water that's displaced, so volume is
equals to mass over density. We just simply rewrite the formula of density so
plug in these numbers will give us 332 ml. Since the water that
is displaced out is due to the submerged crown, we can conclude by saying that the
volume of the crown is also the same as the volume of the water that is displaced out,
which is 332 cm cubed. Notice I just changed the unit ml to cm cubed
because I'm now talking about the crown. Crown is a solid object so I'm
using the appropriate unit for solid. So now that we have found the volume of our
crown and we know the mass of our crown, the one that's in the air. We can apply
the density formula and we can figure out what's the density of the crown.
So we take the mass which is 4258 g divided by 332 cm cubed,
and that will give us12.8 g/cm3. Now compare the
density of the crown that we just calculated with the density of gold.
Gold is 19.31. What do you think? Is the crown made out of pure gold?
Sadly, no. So looks like the crown is not made out of pure gold. So these are two
examples to show you how density can be used in real-life application.
Just to recap, density is mass divided by volume. Hope you find this video helpful.
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for practice questions. I'll post a blog link in the description box below.
Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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