Youtube daily report Oct 16 2018

Hey guys it's Warren here and today we'll be making a chicken and mushroom bake.

What's great about this is we'll be using condensed mushroom soup, which means this

recipe can be whipped up in no time at all.

This recipe's enough to serve 3 people.

To begin with, take 150g of mushrooms, wash them then slice.

Then heat some oil up in a large non-stick pan, slice half a large onion into half-moons,

then add to the pan along with the mushrooms.

Also add 2 cloves of garlic that have been finely chopped or crushed then fry for about

5 minutes over a medium to high heat.

Next, take 1 tin of condensed mushroom soup then add to the pan.

Also add 1 tsp of wholegrain mustard along with 20ml of milk.

Season with some salt and pepper, then stir everything together, then remove the sauce

from the heat and set aside.

Next, take an oven dish and add 300g of leftover cooked chicken.

Then pour over the mushroom sauce and spread it over evenly using a spatula, to make sure

the chicken is covered all over.

Now grate over some parmesan cheese until the chicken and mushroom bake is covered all

over, then place into an oven preheated to 180c / 350f.

Once the cheese has melted and the topping is lovely and golden and crisp, remove from

the oven.

Garnish with some freshly chopped parsley and there you have it, that's how easy it

is to make this really simple chicken and mushroom bake using a tin of mushroom soup.

For more infomation >> Chicken and Mushroom Bake Recipe - Cooking with Cream of Mushroom Soup - Duration: 1:55.

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The Little Mermaid LEGO® Disney™ Minisode

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A-B's Story: Immigrant Survivors - Duration: 1:56.

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Audi A4 Avant 1.8 TFSI Pro Line S 170 pk automaat navigatie climate ctr cruise ctr lmv 19 inch pdc a - Duration: 1:14.

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Стиральная машина Узкая Indesit NSL 605 S обзор и отзыв - Duration: 1:21.

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Prince Harry Makes Rare Break in Protocol to Take a Photo of Meghan Markle with Her Mini-Me - Duration: 3:15.

 Prince Harry found Meghan Markle's look-alike in Sydney!  Stepping out for their first public meet and greet since announcing they are expectant parents, Meghan and Harry interacted with hundreds of members of the public who waited for them outside of the Sydney Opera House on Tuesday

 However, one young royal fan who was wearing a shirt that read "Girls Can Do Anything" really caught Harry's eye — so much that he just had to call his wife over to meet her

 "We feel she looks a bit like you," a person in the crowd is heard telling Meghan, 37, in a video posted by Harry_Meghan_Updates on Instagram

 The Duchess of Sussex replies, "I was literally about to say the same thing!"  "And I love your shirt," Meghan is also heard saying

 Harry, 34, then takes a fan's phone to snap a photo of Meghan with her mini-me —  a rare move for the prince, who usually adheres to the royal protocol of no autographs or selfies

 As Harry made his way down the line, he also spotted a familiar face in the crowd: 98-year-old war widow Daphne Dunne

She has previously met the prince twice — first in 2015, when she memorably planted a kiss on his cheek, and again in 2017

 After greeting her with a big hug, Harry went out of his way to introduce Dunne — who wore several of her late husband's military medals — to Meghan

As they chatted Dunne caressed Harry's face and held Meghan's hand.  "Congratulations, I think that's marvelous," Dunne told Meghan of the couple's baby news, as reported by news

com.au. "It's just what Harry needs."  "It's fantastic," Meghan added. "I'm so happy to finally meet you

I've heard so much about you. All good things."  Prior to the sweet moment with Dunne, the royal couple had been inside the stunning performing arts center in Sydney to watch dance rehearsal

 During the performance, Meghan lovingly placed a hand on her husband's leg as the pair watched on intently

 When they emerged from the Opera House, Meghan and Harry walked out hand-in-hand, looking over the large crowd who showed a great deal of excitement for their much-anticipated arrival

 The couple greeted fans with glowing smiles, handshakes, and waves as they walked along the cheering onlookers

For more infomation >> Prince Harry Makes Rare Break in Protocol to Take a Photo of Meghan Markle with Her Mini-Me - Duration: 3:15.

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Your Place in the Primate Family Tree - Duration: 12:26.

Hey there, Kallie here to remind you that Eons has some cool stickers for sale over at DFTBA.com,

link in the description.

Thanks for watching and, on with the show.

Would you recognize your earliest primate ancestor if you met it face to face?

What if it didn't look like a monkey, or an ape, or even a lemur?

Meet Purgatorius, a kind of mammal called a plesiadapiform that might've been one

of your earliest ancestors.

Around 65 million years ago, these little shrew-like creatures were climbing around

in the trees of western North America, munching on insects and fruit.

They're known from bits of jaws and teeth that look more like those of later, true primates

than any other group, and also from bones that show that their ankles were mobile -- perfect

for an arboreal lifestyle.

But Purgatorius is also kind of mysterious, because it didn't have what we think of

as the classic primate traits, like forward facing eyes, or nails instead of claws.

So how did we get from this thing -- a mouse-sized creature that looked more like a squirrel

than a monkey -- to you, a member of Homo sapiens?

To answer that question, it helps to understand the primate family tree, the whole history

of evolutionary relationships that ties together the Order of Primates.

Then, you can trace your way back, all the way from Purgatorius up to your very own perch

on the primate family tree.

To reconstruct the evolutionary history of any organism -- whether that's you or a

tree frog or a chicken -- scientists rely on two things: traits and dates.

Think for a second about your own family tree: You look more like the people you're closely

related to than your more distant relatives.

But you can still pick out some features that you share with, say, your second cousins or

great-grandparents.

And this also holds true when you're looking at the primate family tree.

Researchers start by finding synapomorphies, traits shared by two or more groups that are

inherited from a common ancestor.

Groups that are more closely related have more of these synapomorphies in common than

more distantly groups do, and this can be used to organize certain groups together.

Thinking about evolution this way emphasizes your unique features as a species, as well

as your similarities with other primates.

But of course, a lot of your evolutionary history shows up only in what you can't

see.

Specifically, your genome.

In addition to revealing genetic similarities between you and other primates, your genome

can provide a sense of how far apart in time you are from your ancestors, with the help

of what's known as the molecular clock.

This is based on the idea that DNA accumulates mutations at a fairly constant rate over time

in different organisms,

But the clock only works if you're looking at parts of the genome that aren't under

selective pressure, like non-coding DNA - parts of the genome that don't code for particular

proteins.

That's because mutations can only happen at a constant rate if they're not being selected

for or against, by nature or anything else.

And scientists can then "set" the clock for a certain group of organisms, with the

help of well-dated fossils.

So, say you take two groups of organisms, and quantify the amount of genetic difference

between them.

Then you divide that amount by the age of a relevant fossil that has a known, radiometric

age.

You can then use that rate to calculate the timing of the split between those two groups.

And the relative that existed just before that split is known as their last common ancestor,

or LCA.

LCAs appear at each branching point on the primate family tree.

And all of the connections between the branches show their evolutionary relationships.

So we can use all of this information to create a taxonomy - a method for classifying and

naming organisms.

Including us!

Now, we're members of Homo sapiens.

Homo is our genus, and sapiens is our species.

Genus and species are taxonomic ranks, probably the ones you're most familiar with.

They fit within a nested hierarchy of taxonomic ranks, with each higher rank being more inclusive

than the one below it.

And these ranks reflect evolutionary relationships.

So, being part of the genus Homo puts you in a pretty exclusive group.

It includes only our immediate ancestors and our very closest fossil relatives.

The earliest fossil from our genus, a partial mandible, or lower jaw, from Ledi-Geraru in

Ethiopia, is dated to 2.8 to 2.75 million years ago, in the Pliocene Epoch.

We don't have enough of this jaw to know which species it belonged to, but it's thought

to belong to a member of our genus because of its teeth.

Now, the next rank up from genus isn't one that's mentioned very often.

It's the level of tribe, and our tribe is Hominini, the hominins.

The hominins include us plus all of our extinct relatives that lived since our Last Common

Ancestor with chimps and bonobos.

That ancestor lived between 4 and 8 million years ago, in either the Pliocene or Miocene

Epoch.

The date varies based on what part of the genome is analyzed and what fossils are used

to calibrate the molecular clock.

Traditionally, the key traits of hominins are that they're bipedal, and the size of

the canine teeth are closer to the same size in both males and females.

Sounds obscure, I know, but in chimps and our more distant ancestors, males always had

noticeably larger canines.

And there are three main contenders for the earliest known hominin: Sahelanthropus tchadensis

at around 7 million years old, Orrorin tugenensis at about 6 million years old, and Ardipithecus

kadabba between 5.8 and 5.2 million years old.

Around this point in our family tree, you'll note that our ancestors are still looking

more like you than like Purgatorius.

Now, above the rank of tribe, there's family.

And our family is the Hominidae, the hominids or great apes.

They include us and chimps and bonobos, but also orangutans and gorillas.

Hominids are usually large-bodied, with males that tend to be larger than females.

And we all lack what's known as ischial callosities.

These are the specialized fatty pads that gibbons, siamangs, and many Old World monkeys

have on their butts.

They're basically built-in seat cushions.

Within the hominids, the orangutan lineage branched off between 12 and 15 million years

ago.

Some of their earliest members were part of the genus Sivapithecus, whose fossils have

been found throughout Asia.

And around the same time, another tribe of hominids, known as the Dryopithecines, were living

in Europe.

And this tribe may have given rise to the African apes, including gorillas, chimps,

and bonobos.

Now, let's talk more about apes.

Because you are one.

Taxonomically, you're part of the Superfamily known as Hominoidea. This superfamily includes two families:

the "great apes" or Hominidae and the "lesser apes" or Hylobatidae, which includes

gibbons and siamangs.

These two families probably split sometime between 16 and 24 million years ago, during

in the Miocene.

And all living hominoids - including you - share features that are related to having an upright

posture and living in the trees.

We have stiffer lower backs with fewer lumbar vertebrae, as well as the ability to rotate

our arms above our heads at the shoulder, and we lack tails.

Also we mature more slowly than other primates, we live longer lives and have relatively larger

brains.

And, just to be thorough here, we've also got a characteristic pattern of cusps on our

lower molar teeth; this is the kind of thing that primatologists look for!

There are 5 of these cusps, and the lines between form a Y shape.

So we call them Y-5 molars.

Check them out the next time you're in front of a mirror.

Now, if we check in with Purgatorius, we can at least point to a couple of things that

it has in common with hominoids, like living in trees.

But it still looks nothing like an ape.

But members of the next rank will probably look familiar.

That rank is Infraorder, and the one we belong to is Simiiformes, which includes both monkeys

and apes.

Among the monkeys, you have your New World monkeys and your Old World monkeys.

Both have eye sockets that are completely enclosed by bone.

And they also have dry noses, meaning they lack a rhinarium, the wet part of the snout

that some animals, like dogs, have that gives them increased smelling abilities.

And since we share a more recent common ancestor with Old World monkeys, our nostrils open

downward, like theirs do.

But in the New World monkeys, they open sideways.

The hominoid lineage split from the one leading to Old World monkeys between 24 and 38 million

years ago, probably around 29 million years ago, in the Oligocene.

But the lineage leading to New World monkeys branched off a bit earlier, sometime between

33 and 44 million years ago, in the Eocene.

Now, one rank up from Infraorder is Suborder.

And ours is Haplorhini.

This includes us, the other apes, the monkeys, and the tarsier, which is the only primate

that exclusively eats other animals -- generally insects and small vertebrates.

Haplorrhines, like you, have dry noses, broad, flat incisors, and eye orbits that are at

least partially enclosed with bone at the back.

Tarsiers and Simiiformes might have parted ways as far back as 65 million years ago,

in the early Paleocene, shortly after the extinction of the non avian dinosaurs.

The ancestor of all haplorrhines was probably small, arboreal, and active during the day.

And it might've eaten both insects and fruits.

So, it may have been more like Purgatorius than anything else we've encountered so

far.

And finally, we've made it to the level of Order.

And ours is Primates, which is all of the haplorrhines plus the lemurs and lorises,

which are considered strepsirrhines.

All primates have forward-facing eyes, which gives us binocular vision and good depth perception,

important for life in the trees.

And we also have eye orbits that are partially or completely enclosed by bone.

We also have opposable, grasping thumbs; fingernails instead of claws; and relatively large brains

and slower life histories than other mammals, meaning we mature more slowly and live longer.

Not all primates have all of these features, but they're the traits that define us as

an order -- ones that evolved in our early ancestors and were passed on, contributing

to our success.

And this brings us, at long last, to Purgatorius, the earliest known potential primate whose

fossils date from around 65 million years ago.

But molecular clock studies suggest that the origin of our order may be 10 million years

before that, during the Cretaceous period.

Plus, like I said at the very beginning, Purgatorius is a plesiadapiform.

And there's still debate about whether plesiadapiforms are primates, because they don't have enclosed

bony orbits, or nails, or even forward-facing eyes.

But some researchers support their primate status on the basis of the anatomy of their

teeth and ankles.

The earliest uncontroversial primates -- the ones that have all the primate features, like

the adapoids and omomyoids -- show up about 55.8 million years ago, at the start of the

Eocene.

So that's where you are on the tree of life!

Your species is sapiens, in the genus Homo.

You're also a hominin and, beyond that, a hominid, or great ape.

You're a member of the hominoids, one of all the apes that has ever existed, and you're

a simiiform, placing you on the branch that includes monkeys, too.

You're also a haplorrhine, like the tarsier, on the opposite branch of the family tree

from the lemurs and lorises.

But they're your distant cousins, too - because they're fellow members of the primate order.

That's your evolutionary heritage in a nutshell.

Your immediate ancestors are upright walkers and tool users.

But your distant ancestors were small, tree-dwelling creatures, like Purgatorius, that would go

on to diversify into the incredible array of lemurs, lorises, monkeys, and apes alive

today.

Thanks for joining me today.

And BIG thanks to our Eontologists: Jake Hart, Jon Ivy and STEVE!

Now, scientists differ about a lot of things.

But I think there's something almost everyone can agree on: Tacos!

If you want to feel like every day is Taco Tuesday, then check out a new foodie series

from PBS Digital Studios, the Tacos of Texas.

The link is in the description.

Now, what do you want to learn about?

Leave me a comment, and don't forget to go to youtube.com/eons and subscribe.

For more infomation >> Your Place in the Primate Family Tree - Duration: 12:26.

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The Little Model Tramway in the Province of Namur in Belgium by Jan Martens - Duration: 4:44.

When Pilentum visited the great model railway exhibition "Modelspoor Expo" in Belgium

on the last weekend, he met Jan Martens, a very nice Belgian model railroader.

I guess, Jan is fascinated by trams, tramways and narrow gauge railways.

So he decided to create a nice model railroad layout of

a former tramway in the province of Namur in Belgium.

He calls his model railway display "Le Vicinal á Vresse".

This means something like "The tramway line at

the city of Vresse" in the English language.

[ Music ]

You have to know, these tramway lines were a system of narrow-gauge tramways

and local railway lines in Belgium, which covered the whole country.

In the last century, these tramways had a greater

route length than the mainline railway system.

The model railway layout of Jan Martens was inspired by tramway line no. 553 of the

national Vicinal tramway company, which was

opened in the beginning of the last century.

The layout is more of an impression of "how the railway line could have been"

than an original presentation of "how the railway line really once was".

However, the intention is to show the atmosphere of the Ardennes in the 1930's

with the tramways cruising between small villages and beautiful landscapes.

[ Music ]

For more infomation >> The Little Model Tramway in the Province of Namur in Belgium by Jan Martens - Duration: 4:44.

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For more infomation >> LEARN COLORS WITH DIY - HOW TO MAKE RAINBOW KINETIC SAND CAKE(Nursery Rhymes for Kids) - Duration: 2:03.

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"大S，你也太胖了！" - Duration: 7:05.

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Mercedes-Benz B-Klasse B 200 d Business Solution Style Automaat . - Duration: 1:14.

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Peugeot Partner 170C 1.9 D Trekhaak Stuurbekrachtiging APK tot 03-03-2019 Inruil Mogelijk! - Duration: 0:55.

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Trump mocks Elizabeth Warren over Twitter - Duration: 3:50.

For more infomation >> Trump mocks Elizabeth Warren over Twitter - Duration: 3:50.

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Kia cee'd Sportswagon 1.6 CRDI BUSINESS DYNAMICLINE / LED / NAVI / PDC / LM-VELGEN / AIRCO-ECC / CRU - Duration: 1:05.

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How Do Thermal Imaging Goggles Work? - Duration: 3:24.

Thanks to Skillshare for supporting this episode, and this whole week, of SciShow.

[♪ INTRO]

Let's say you're Arnold Schwarzenegger's character in the new blockbuster

Predator Terminates Expendables into Oblivion…17.

As usual, you're chasing bad guys all over the battlefield with absurdly huge guns,

all in the dark. How do you pull it off?

Well, for pitch-black situations, you could snag some thermal imaging goggles.

These gadgets show hotter and colder areas, revealing any

people, animals, and cars hiding in the deepest shadows.

How they work is pretty simple: Heat is released as infrared radiation that the goggles pick

up, then different amounts of infrared are translated into different visible colors.

But the bigger question is, why do we associate infrared and heat in the first place?

Why don't hot objects just give off something like radio waves, or any other kind of radiation?

Turns out, it's kind of a coincidence.

Heat energy is about molecules vibrating and wiggling and bouncing off each other.

Infrared, on the other hand, is a totally different kind of thing.

It's not about molecules at all.

Instead, infrared is actually a type of electromagnetic, or EM radiation.

Like visible light, radio waves, and X-rays, it's just a bunch of photons carrying around energy.

And it seems like that shouldn't tell you anything about temperature.

So why do hot, vibrating molecules give off radiation at all?

And why specifically infrared? It has to do with something called black-body radiation.

This is the EM radiation given off by every object above absolute zero, that's objects

with any heat energy at all, including you, me, and aliens in the latest Predator movie.

It happens because, when heated molecules wiggle,

they jerk around any charged particles inside them, stuff like electrons.

And charged particles being pushed or tugged is actually what produces EM radiation in the first place.

So, thanks to your moving molecules, you're glowing from heat like an incandescent light bulb!

Clearly, though, you don't glow much in the visible part of the spectrum.

That's because how much radiation an object emits at which wavelengths depends on temperature.

And this is where infrared starts to show up.

All objects give off all wavelengths of radiation, but the hotter an object is,

the brighter and higher-frequency most of that radiation is.

At the temperatures you encounter in normal life, most objects primarily emit infrared.

That's why thermal goggles are designed to detect it and not, say, radio waves.

But if we heated you up to the same temperature as a light bulb,

you'd start to give off a lot of yellow light, too!

Although you probably wouldn't enjoy the experience.

Meanwhile, if you were in the coldest regions of space,

you'd need microwave vision to see whatever heat there was.

And on the blazing edge of a black hole, you'd want X-ray goggles.

So the connection we make between infrared and heat is kind of a happy accident,

just based on temperatures here on Earth.

Let's just hope you don't need to know that to survive an alien invasion.

So, we learned that one way we can see humans glow is in infrared,

but another way we can highlight our glowing selves is through stories!

This week we're highlighting classes on SkillShare that we think you'll like.

This one, taught by Keith Yamashita, is called Storytelling For Leaders:

How To Craft Stories That Matter.

In it, he talks about the components of a great story, story archetypes, and invites

you to work through the process of creating your own story, using some worksheets and

a sort of flashcard activity to get you thinking about your story in a new way!

I always enjoy honing my storytelling skills.

And the information in this class can be applied to any story, whether it's fiction or non-fiction.

Thanks to Skillshare for sponsoring this episode.

Right now you can get two months of unlimited access for free,

and help support SciShow, by following the link in the description.

[♪ OUTRO]

For more infomation >> How Do Thermal Imaging Goggles Work? - Duration: 3:24.

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Destiny 2: Armor Perks, How They Work & Making A "God Roll" Armor Set - Duration: 16:26.

Armor perks are back on armor which I think is just great.

But what perks should you be looking out for?

And what do some of them even do?

That's what we're gonna be finding out today in this video with information more dense

than a dying sun.

We're going to be going slot by slot and just kind of talking about what the perks are,

what they do and the trends of each armor slot, then in the second half, we're going

to make 2 example god roll armor sets, so if you don't care about what the perks are

or what they do, you can just skip there.

But first, let's talk perk tiers: There are 3 tiers of perks.

Tier 1 will say "slightly increases," which is the smallest effect, tier 2 will not have

an adjective and tier 3 is the enhanced version of a perk, which gives the greatest effect.

Enhanced perks at the moment only come on Dreaming City armor and raid armor, along

with exotics.

While I haven't tested every single combination of perk against it's enhanced and only slightly

increased counterparts, I have no reason to believe that you shouldn't try to get the

enhanced version of any perk that can roll enhanced.

That being said, there has been a case where the enhanced version of part of a perk wasn't

as good as a tier 2 version, but for the most part, you probably don't need to worry about

these fringe cases.

The helm slot resolves around targeting perks, super energy perks, special weapon reserves

and power weapon reserves.

The helm slot can roll any individual weapon targeting perks, literally every type of weapon,

not to mention that it can roll enhanced targeting on some weapons as well or it can roll a clustered

targeting perk, like "all precision weapons."

Targeting perks improve accuracy, target acquisition and aim down sight speed on that weapon.

Target acquisition is more relevant on console than on PC, or rather those on controller

compared to mouse and keyboard, it's essentially the "stick" factor on a weapon.

That's not to say targeting perks are worthless on PC, they do have some other values like

bullet magnetism.

Accuracy is mainly a hip fire based bonus, but again, also has other slight benefits

for aim down sights.

The enhanced targeting perks that can roll on a helm are: hand cannon, bow, sniper, and

linear fusion.

Next, we have super energy perks where you get bonus super energy on grenade, melee,

shotgun, sniper, or heavy weapon kills.

Heavy weapon and grenade kills can roll the enhanced perk on the helm slot.

So how much energy are we talking here?

Well, a normal super with no mods takes 5 minutes to charge if you are idle.

Pump Action reduces this by 5-6 seconds, or 1.7% cooldown reduction per kill, with Remote

Connection, aka sniper kills, giving a 7 second reduction.

Ashes to assets is approximately the same thing, with Enhanced Ashes to Assets being

about 9 seconds.

Hands-On is about 9-10 seconds reduction, with 2 kills back to back giving us a super

is 4:42.

Heavy Lifting was also approximately 9 seconds.

Keep in mind all of these reductions include the energy gained from a kill as well as the

bonus.

Some of this seems kinda off to me, like why is grenade the weakest when it takes the longest

to regenerate.

Heavy Lifting is ANY weapon, but then again, I guess it is power weapon which is ammo limited.

Hands-On seems really good, but maybe that's the risk factor of it?

Anyway, moving on.\par Then we have the reserves perk, these perks

increase the maximum size of your reserves for that particular weapon.

In the helm slot, we can roll fusion, sword, rockets, grenade launcher, linear fusion,

shotgun, and sniper reserves, so, basically non-primary weapons.

You can also roll special or heavy ammo finder, increasing the frequency of which you find

those bricks of ammo on the ground.

However some research was done recently on reddit by user u/BoxofRingsAndNails (and u/KrystallAnn)

and their friends that showed that stacking more than one heavy ammo finder perk may actually

have no impact or even a negative impact on the drop rates of heavy ammo.

Bungie knows about this post and say they are investigating, so for now, I can't recommend

stacking this beyond 1 and even then, it may be difficult to notice a large difference

in drops.

This perk isn't Ruin Wings.

Moving to the arm slot, this is all about reload speed, a couple more energy perks,

and scavenging ammo.

Arms can roll many types of reload speed type perks, individual weapons, groups of weapons,

specific groups, and grenade launcher, hand cannon, rockets and shotguns have the possibility

of enhanced reload perks . For example, the difference between enhanced rocket reload

and regular isn't too crazy, but ANY bonus makes quite a noticeable difference compared

to a default reload.

Then we have some energy based perks, Impact Induction and Momentum Transfer, of which

both of these perks can roll the enhanced versions.

Momentum gives melee energy on grenade hits and impact gives grenade energy on melee attack.

Testing Momentum Transfer showed that 1 tick of grenade reduced the cooldown of my melee

attack by about 1 to 1.5 seconds.

Yup.

That's it.

The effect is on an internal cooldown as well.

Fortunately, Enhanced Momentum Transfer was a reduction of 5 seconds, which is a bit better.

I think the internal cooldown of the effect is mainly for grenades that have a damage

over time effect, but uh... feel like this would be ok for a buff, or maybe it's just

broken and needs a fix.

Impact Induction has an internal cooldown of about 8 seconds which makes sense since

you actually have the ability to punch things whenever you want.

However, UNLIKE momentum transfer, the DEFAULT impact induction gives you 7 seconds worth

of cooldown reduction, which leads me to believe that Momentum Transfer is just not even working

correctly.

Then we just have Fastball, which increases grenade throw distance.

Scavenger is not the same as reserves, surprising to say the least, I know.

Scavenger increases the amount of ammo you get for a particular weapon when you pick

up a brick, whereas reserves increases the total amount of ammo you can hold.

On the arms, you can roll a scavenger perk for any non-primary weapon and I believe this

perk works in PvP except for normal fusion rifles.

You can also roll a special or heavy ammo finder perk, works the same way as the helm.

Moving onto the chest armor, this is all about your unflinching perk, where you flinch less

when being shot at.

Every weapon type is featured here, individual weapons, groups of weapons, with bows, snipers,

linear fusions and scouts able to roll the enhanced versions of unflinching.

Unflinching is the ONLY thing that can roll in the middle slot by the way, so don't bother

looking for anything else in this column.

Then in the right slot we have reserve perks for primary weapons, along with primary ammo

and special ammo finders.

The legs feature dexterity perks and class ability based perks.

Dexterity increases ready and stow speed of weapons, very important and I think undervalued

by the general population in PvP, whereas for PvE, not as big of a deal.

Weapons that can roll enhanced dexterity are: hand cannons, shotguns, snipers and rocket

launchers.

In the same column are class ability perks that generate energy of some kind.

Perpetuation will generate class ability energy when you use your class ability, bomber generates

grenade on class ability use, outreach is melee energy and dynamo will generate super

energy.

Bomber can also roll enhanced and Distribution is the other "enhanced" perk which actually

gives energy to all abilities.

Note that Dynamo is currently being looked at by Bungie for being too strong when combined

with other super energy generating... things in PvP.

So how much energy are we talking?

Let's start with Dynamo.

A super takes 5 minutes to charge with no activity, Dynamo will reduce the cooldown

by 10 seconds or about 3.33, repeating of course, percent of your super.

Bomber will reduce a grenade cooldown from 1:21 to 1:17, so 4 seconds, and Outreach will

do the same for your melee cooldown, 1:21 to 1:17, with Hunters getting a 4 second reduction

as well.

Perpetuation reduced Titan wall cooldown by about 3 seconds, with Rift being about 5-6

seconds and Hunter about 1 second.

In the right side column, we have have scavenger perks for primary weapons and then we have

primary ammo and special ammo finders.

The class item revolves around energy when you pick up an orb of light.

There are 5 perks that can get you the following: health regen starts on orb pick up, chunk

of health on orb pick up, class ability, grenade, or melee energy, with Absolution being the

enhanced perk generating energy everywhere.

In the other column, it's just everything, reserves and scavenger perks, all ammo finders,

it's a mess.

This brings us to the question: what the hell should I actually get on my armor?

WELL, that is going to depend on the weapons you're using, your playstyle and what you're

doing, but let's try to come up with some example god roll armor sets.

Note that we will not be including exotics when coming up with this list.

The first thing you're going to want to do is have some form of a weapon loadout so you

know what perks to look out for, then figure out if you can roll any enhanced perks for

those weapons.

I'm going to take my most common loadouts and try to make some god roll armor sets.

In PvP, it's a pulse rifle, shotgun and grenade launcher and in PvE, we'll say I'm doing the

raid, so it's pulse rifle, shotgun and sniper rifle and I'll be on my Titan.

Unfortunately, there isn't a single enhanced pulse rifle perk in the entire game, so we're

off to a bad start.

We have two enhanced shotgun perks arms and legs, we'll look at legs first, which also

have some other good perks on them.

In PvE, I don't really value stow and ready speed at all, whereas in PvP, I value it a

lot.

So, for PvP, we'd look at the enhanced shotgun ready speed, but for PvE, we'd be looking

for an energy generation perk instead.

Which one?

Depends on how you play.

Maybe you have enhanced ashes to assets where you'd want grenade energy a lot, thus you'd

want enhanced Bomber, just an example.

We'll just go to the helm next, we're probably going to be looking for pulse rifle targetting

for PvP, but something like targetting may not have as much value to you in the PvE experience,

so we'd look for an energy perk instead.

Again, depends on the situation you're in.

In the raid, I'm not really using my special or power weapons to actually kill things very

often, I use them for damage on bosses, meaning ashes to assets or hands-on would be the play.

In a strike using a rocket launcher, heavy lifting may be the way to go if you're going

for add clear.

Your reserve perk would be for whatever special or heavy you're using.

Moving to arms, we're looking at reload speed perks and melee/grenade perks.

Now reload speeds are pretty universally good, but I'm the kind of person who values ability

energy over reload speed in a PvE setting, so for my arms, I'd want enhanced impact induction

or momentum transfer.

In PvP, my pulse rifle has outlaw on it, so I don't really need another reload speed perk

on top of that, but my shotgun could use some help, so we'd grab enhanced shotgun reload

speed.

The scavenger perk would likely be shotgun, I don't really run into ammo problems with

my pulse rifle, but maybe you're a hand cannon user and do have some ammo problems, all depends.

Chest armor is ONLY unflinching, so we're looking for pusle rifle unflinching here,

but if I'm in the raid using a sniper, maybe I grab enhanced unflinching sniper rifle for

safety purposes or if I'm sniping in PvP.

On chest armor or maybe leg armor, this is where I'd grab the special ammo finder.

I think primary scavenger, reserves and ammo finder are all not really that important,

but if you find them important, then go for it.

Class item is where you maybe pick the heavy ammo finder, since the helm and arms have

non-primary reserves and scavenger that you MAY want to utilize, but you're not gonna

get a TON of ammo from an individual reserve perk, so maybe you don't care that much, but

if you stack 2 reserves, you get a little more, meaning you could use the heavy ammo

finder on gloves, you see how fluid this situation is?

I personally like chunks of health for orb pick up, or a health based perk in general,

so I'm looking for recuperation or better already.

So, my PvP god roll armor would look like this, going from top down: helm has pulse

targetting and shotgun reserves, arms with enhanced shotgun reload and shotgun scavenger,

chest with unflinching pulse and insert whatever for the other, boots are enhanced shotgun

dexterity and whatever scavenger, with the class item having recuperation and maybe shotgun

scavenger.\par My PvE raid god roll armor would look like

this, going from top down: helm has enhanced ashes to assets with shotgun reserves, arms

are enhanced impact induction with shotgun scavenger, chest is enhanced unflinching sniper

with special ammo finder, legs are Distribution with pulse scavenger, with the class item

being recuperation and heavy ammo finder.

Again, these are just examples with my loadouts, they don't include exotics and they're just

ONE example.

Your god roll armor will not be the same as mine and you need to decide on loadouts that

you use for X activity, then build armor sets around those loadouts.

Should heavy ammo finder ever be affected to the point where stacking 3 of them gives

a noticeable increase in power ammo bricks found, then things may change again, where

you could stack power ammo based perks as much as possible for a super energy build,

stuff like that.

Anyway, hope this was helpful in your search for the perfect armor set.

We'll explore the issue of weapon rolls in the near future.

Thanks for watching, I'll see you next time.

For more infomation >> Destiny 2: Armor Perks, How They Work & Making A "God Roll" Armor Set - Duration: 16:26.

-------------------------------------------

Your Place in the Primate Family Tree - Duration: 12:26.

Hey there, Kallie here to remind you that Eons has some cool stickers for sale over at DFTBA.com,

link in the description.

Thanks for watching and, on with the show.

Would you recognize your earliest primate ancestor if you met it face to face?

What if it didn't look like a monkey, or an ape, or even a lemur?

Meet Purgatorius, a kind of mammal called a plesiadapiform that might've been one

of your earliest ancestors.

Around 65 million years ago, these little shrew-like creatures were climbing around

in the trees of western North America, munching on insects and fruit.

They're known from bits of jaws and teeth that look more like those of later, true primates

than any other group, and also from bones that show that their ankles were mobile -- perfect

for an arboreal lifestyle.

But Purgatorius is also kind of mysterious, because it didn't have what we think of

as the classic primate traits, like forward facing eyes, or nails instead of claws.

So how did we get from this thing -- a mouse-sized creature that looked more like a squirrel

than a monkey -- to you, a member of Homo sapiens?

To answer that question, it helps to understand the primate family tree, the whole history

of evolutionary relationships that ties together the Order of Primates.

Then, you can trace your way back, all the way from Purgatorius up to your very own perch

on the primate family tree.

To reconstruct the evolutionary history of any organism -- whether that's you or a

tree frog or a chicken -- scientists rely on two things: traits and dates.

Think for a second about your own family tree: You look more like the people you're closely

related to than your more distant relatives.

But you can still pick out some features that you share with, say, your second cousins or

great-grandparents.

And this also holds true when you're looking at the primate family tree.

Researchers start by finding synapomorphies, traits shared by two or more groups that are

inherited from a common ancestor.

Groups that are more closely related have more of these synapomorphies in common than

more distantly groups do, and this can be used to organize certain groups together.

Thinking about evolution this way emphasizes your unique features as a species, as well

as your similarities with other primates.

But of course, a lot of your evolutionary history shows up only in what you can't

see.

Specifically, your genome.

In addition to revealing genetic similarities between you and other primates, your genome

can provide a sense of how far apart in time you are from your ancestors, with the help

of what's known as the molecular clock.

This is based on the idea that DNA accumulates mutations at a fairly constant rate over time

in different organisms,

But the clock only works if you're looking at parts of the genome that aren't under

selective pressure, like non-coding DNA - parts of the genome that don't code for particular

proteins.

That's because mutations can only happen at a constant rate if they're not being selected

for or against, by nature or anything else.

And scientists can then "set" the clock for a certain group of organisms, with the

help of well-dated fossils.

So, say you take two groups of organisms, and quantify the amount of genetic difference

between them.

Then you divide that amount by the age of a relevant fossil that has a known, radiometric

age.

You can then use that rate to calculate the timing of the split between those two groups.

And the relative that existed just before that split is known as their last common ancestor,

or LCA.

LCAs appear at each branching point on the primate family tree.

And all of the connections between the branches show their evolutionary relationships.

So we can use all of this information to create a taxonomy - a method for classifying and

naming organisms.

Including us!

Now, we're members of Homo sapiens.

Homo is our genus, and sapiens is our species.

Genus and species are taxonomic ranks, probably the ones you're most familiar with.

They fit within a nested hierarchy of taxonomic ranks, with each higher rank being more inclusive

than the one below it.

And these ranks reflect evolutionary relationships.

So, being part of the genus Homo puts you in a pretty exclusive group.

It includes only our immediate ancestors and our very closest fossil relatives.

The earliest fossil from our genus, a partial mandible, or lower jaw, from Ledi-Geraru in

Ethiopia, is dated to 2.8 to 2.75 million years ago, in the Pliocene Epoch.

We don't have enough of this jaw to know which species it belonged to, but it's thought

to belong to a member of our genus because of its teeth.

Now, the next rank up from genus isn't one that's mentioned very often.

It's the level of tribe, and our tribe is Hominini, the hominins.

The hominins include us plus all of our extinct relatives that lived since our Last Common

Ancestor with chimps and bonobos.

That ancestor lived between 4 and 8 million years ago, in either the Pliocene or Miocene

Epoch.

The date varies based on what part of the genome is analyzed and what fossils are used

to calibrate the molecular clock.

Traditionally, the key traits of hominins are that they're bipedal, and the size of

the canine teeth are closer to the same size in both males and females.

Sounds obscure, I know, but in chimps and our more distant ancestors, males always had

noticeably larger canines.

And there are three main contenders for the earliest known hominin: Sahelanthropus tchadensis

at around 7 million years old, Orrorin tugenensis at about 6 million years old, and Ardipithecus

kadabba between 5.8 and 5.2 million years old.

Around this point in our family tree, you'll note that our ancestors are still looking

more like you than like Purgatorius.

Now, above the rank of tribe, there's family.

And our family is the Hominidae, the hominids or great apes.

They include us and chimps and bonobos, but also orangutans and gorillas.

Hominids are usually large-bodied, with males that tend to be larger than females.

And we all lack what's known as ischial callosities.

These are the specialized fatty pads that gibbons, siamangs, and many Old World monkeys

have on their butts.

They're basically built-in seat cushions.

Within the hominids, the orangutan lineage branched off between 12 and 15 million years

ago.

Some of their earliest members were part of the genus Sivapithecus, whose fossils have

been found throughout Asia.

And around the same time, another tribe of hominids, known as the Dryopithecines, were living

in Europe.

And this tribe may have given rise to the African apes, including gorillas, chimps,

and bonobos.

Now, let's talk more about apes.

Because you are one.

Taxonomically, you're part of the Superfamily known as Hominoidea. This superfamily includes two families:

the "great apes" or Hominidae and the "lesser apes" or Hylobatidae, which includes

gibbons and siamangs.

These two families probably split sometime between 16 and 24 million years ago, during

in the Miocene.

And all living hominoids - including you - share features that are related to having an upright

posture and living in the trees.

We have stiffer lower backs with fewer lumbar vertebrae, as well as the ability to rotate

our arms above our heads at the shoulder, and we lack tails.

Also we mature more slowly than other primates, we live longer lives and have relatively larger

brains.

And, just to be thorough here, we've also got a characteristic pattern of cusps on our

lower molar teeth; this is the kind of thing that primatologists look for!

There are 5 of these cusps, and the lines between form a Y shape.

So we call them Y-5 molars.

Check them out the next time you're in front of a mirror.

Now, if we check in with Purgatorius, we can at least point to a couple of things that

it has in common with hominoids, like living in trees.

But it still looks nothing like an ape.

But members of the next rank will probably look familiar.

That rank is Infraorder, and the one we belong to is Simiiformes, which includes both monkeys

and apes.

Among the monkeys, you have your New World monkeys and your Old World monkeys.

Both have eye sockets that are completely enclosed by bone.

And they also have dry noses, meaning they lack a rhinarium, the wet part of the snout

that some animals, like dogs, have that gives them increased smelling abilities.

And since we share a more recent common ancestor with Old World monkeys, our nostrils open

downward, like theirs do.

But in the New World monkeys, they open sideways.

The hominoid lineage split from the one leading to Old World monkeys between 24 and 38 million

years ago, probably around 29 million years ago, in the Oligocene.

But the lineage leading to New World monkeys branched off a bit earlier, sometime between

33 and 44 million years ago, in the Eocene.

Now, one rank up from Infraorder is Suborder.

And ours is Haplorhini.

This includes us, the other apes, the monkeys, and the tarsier, which is the only primate

that exclusively eats other animals -- generally insects and small vertebrates.

Haplorrhines, like you, have dry noses, broad, flat incisors, and eye orbits that are at

least partially enclosed with bone at the back.

Tarsiers and Simiiformes might have parted ways as far back as 65 million years ago,

in the early Paleocene, shortly after the extinction of the non avian dinosaurs.

The ancestor of all haplorrhines was probably small, arboreal, and active during the day.

And it might've eaten both insects and fruits.

So, it may have been more like Purgatorius than anything else we've encountered so

far.

And finally, we've made it to the level of Order.

And ours is Primates, which is all of the haplorrhines plus the lemurs and lorises,

which are considered strepsirrhines.

All primates have forward-facing eyes, which gives us binocular vision and good depth perception,

important for life in the trees.

And we also have eye orbits that are partially or completely enclosed by bone.

We also have opposable, grasping thumbs; fingernails instead of claws; and relatively large brains

and slower life histories than other mammals, meaning we mature more slowly and live longer.

Not all primates have all of these features, but they're the traits that define us as

an order -- ones that evolved in our early ancestors and were passed on, contributing

to our success.

And this brings us, at long last, to Purgatorius, the earliest known potential primate whose

fossils date from around 65 million years ago.

But molecular clock studies suggest that the origin of our order may be 10 million years

before that, during the Cretaceous period.

Plus, like I said at the very beginning, Purgatorius is a plesiadapiform.

And there's still debate about whether plesiadapiforms are primates, because they don't have enclosed

bony orbits, or nails, or even forward-facing eyes.

But some researchers support their primate status on the basis of the anatomy of their

teeth and ankles.

The earliest uncontroversial primates -- the ones that have all the primate features, like

the adapoids and omomyoids -- show up about 55.8 million years ago, at the start of the

Eocene.

So that's where you are on the tree of life!

Your species is sapiens, in the genus Homo.

You're also a hominin and, beyond that, a hominid, or great ape.

You're a member of the hominoids, one of all the apes that has ever existed, and you're

a simiiform, placing you on the branch that includes monkeys, too.

You're also a haplorrhine, like the tarsier, on the opposite branch of the family tree

from the lemurs and lorises.

But they're your distant cousins, too - because they're fellow members of the primate order.

That's your evolutionary heritage in a nutshell.

Your immediate ancestors are upright walkers and tool users.

But your distant ancestors were small, tree-dwelling creatures, like Purgatorius, that would go

on to diversify into the incredible array of lemurs, lorises, monkeys, and apes alive

today.

Thanks for joining me today.

And BIG thanks to our Eontologists: Jake Hart, Jon Ivy and STEVE!

Now, scientists differ about a lot of things.

But I think there's something almost everyone can agree on: Tacos!

If you want to feel like every day is Taco Tuesday, then check out a new foodie series

from PBS Digital Studios, the Tacos of Texas.

The link is in the description.

Now, what do you want to learn about?

Leave me a comment, and don't forget to go to youtube.com/eons and subscribe.

For more infomation >> Your Place in the Primate Family Tree - Duration: 12:26.

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The great jungle puzzle「Paper Mario 📄 Ep15」 - Duration: 1:11:43.

For more infomation >> The great jungle puzzle「Paper Mario 📄 Ep15」 - Duration: 1:11:43.

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YTPH HARUHI SUZUMIYA(PARODIA)| KW - Duration: 1:51.

For more infomation >> YTPH HARUHI SUZUMIYA(PARODIA)| KW - Duration: 1:51.

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This happened on our Earth 16 October 2018 - WORLD OF SIGNS - Duration: 2:40.

What?

What?

As if I don't recognize you.

Hey, go away!

Go away!

Go away!

Why are you following me?

What you do behind me?

What you do behind me?

Don't walk behind me. Walk in front me.

With your little dog.

And you're a big dog.

In the name of God, the Merciful, the Forgiver.

No filming!

No filming!

No filming!

Hey, No filming!

No filming!

No camera!

No camera!

Okey, no camera!

No camera!

Stop with this camera!

You are also on the camera!

Stop with this camera!

No camera!

and no follow

You follow me and you make camera!

In the name of God, the Merciful, the Forgiver.

Get out of here

There is here nothing to surround

You are already surrounded long time, all of you.

For more infomation >> This happened on our Earth 16 October 2018 - WORLD OF SIGNS - Duration: 2:40.

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The Little Model Tramway in the Province of Namur in Belgium by Jan Martens - Duration: 4:44.

When Pilentum visited the great model railway exhibition "Modelspoor Expo" in Belgium

on the last weekend, he met Jan Martens, a very nice Belgian model railroader.

I guess, Jan is fascinated by trams, tramways and narrow gauge railways.

So he decided to create a nice model railroad layout of

a former tramway in the province of Namur in Belgium.

He calls his model railway display "Le Vicinal á Vresse".

This means something like "The tramway line at

the city of Vresse" in the English language.

[ Music ]

You have to know, these tramway lines were a system of narrow-gauge tramways

and local railway lines in Belgium, which covered the whole country.

In the last century, these tramways had a greater

route length than the mainline railway system.

The model railway layout of Jan Martens was inspired by tramway line no. 553 of the

national Vicinal tramway company, which was

opened in the beginning of the last century.

The layout is more of an impression of "how the railway line could have been"

than an original presentation of "how the railway line really once was".

However, the intention is to show the atmosphere of the Ardennes in the 1930's

with the tramways cruising between small villages and beautiful landscapes.

[ Music ]

For more infomation >> The Little Model Tramway in the Province of Namur in Belgium by Jan Martens - Duration: 4:44.

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Which drawing do you want? (goes from worse to improve my problem: D) - Duration: 2:22.

For more infomation >> Which drawing do you want? (goes from worse to improve my problem: D) - Duration: 2:22.

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UFJF/SEMIC 2018 - "Imprensa e Sistema Representativo: Textos, autores e circulação de ideias" - Duration: 4:59.

For more infomation >> UFJF/SEMIC 2018 - "Imprensa e Sistema Representativo: Textos, autores e circulação de ideias" - Duration: 4:59.

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Bella Vista Homes | Princeton Classic Homes "ALL-IN" Sales Event | SA Live | KSAT 12 - Duration: 3:38.

For more infomation >> Bella Vista Homes | Princeton Classic Homes "ALL-IN" Sales Event | SA Live | KSAT 12 - Duration: 3:38.

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*FREE* YG Type Beat 2018 - "Devour" | Shoreline Mafia Type Beat | West Coast Instrumental 2018 - Duration: 2:42.

*FREE* YG Type Beat 2018 - "Devour" | Shoreline Mafia Type Beat | West Coast Instrumental 2018 Prod. By Matt Brick$ & Omega