Youtube daily report Jun 11 2017

Calvin: And remember chemists, safety first! So make sure to have your safety goggles on!

Greg: Oh

Calvin: Hello chemists, so today we're going to be doing the anti-freeze lab. My name is Calvin.

Greg: And this is his lab partner, Greg.

Calvin: And so, we're going to be showing you how to do this lab today.

So first, we're going with preparing 3 samples and we have 3 beakers here to do so

So to start off, we need 3 samples:

One with 50 mL of distilled water, one with 3 grams of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 50 mL of distilled water

and one with 6 grams of calcium chloride with 50 mL of distilled water

So to start, we're going to pour 50 mL of water into our first beaker, so here's our beaker

and here's our graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water, so we're gonna pour this in

and we're gonna put this on to the side

And now, repeat the procedure two more times with your graduated cylinder of 50 mL of water to fill up water into your other 2 beakers

Okay, so now we have all 3 beakers set up with our 50 mL of distilled water, so now we're going to get some calcium chloride.

Greg: Now we're gonna start making the solutions of calcium chloride

So for the first beaker, we're gonna leave it at 50 mL of distilled water

but for the second beaker, we're gonna add about 3 grams of calcium chloride to it

And for the third beaker, we're gonna add 6 grams of the calcium chloride to it

And now, we just stir them

Now we're gonna prepare an ice-salt bath with 6 ice cubes and 20 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl)

Calvin: So now, we're gonna go back to the 3 samples we prepared earlier

and we're gonna pour each of those samples into a large test tube

and we're not gonna need TOO MUCH, we're just gonna pour a little bit in

and I'm gonna show you how to do each of them

So with the 3 test tubes, we're gonna start with the water first

So we're gonna need around this much, and we're gonna repeat the process

for the 3 grams of calcium chloride and 6 grams of calcium chloride with 50 mL of distilled water

Okay, so after we've filled out all the test tubes with the samples

we're gonna be using these tests tubes by putting them into the ice bath to freeze them

Okay, so now we're gonna let the 3 test tubes freeze, so we're gonna put it to the side

and now we're gonna boil the 3 leftover beakers on a hot plate

So here's a little tip:

If your ice bath isn't cold enough, feel free to add a few more ice cubes and also some sodium chloride to the mixture to make it colder

Okay, so now with our 3 beakers, we're gonna put them on to the hot plate and let them boil

So, we're gonna turn the heat knob to 10 for maximum heat

and basically, we're gonna let them boil, and when they boil, we're gonna find their boiling points using a thermometer

Okay, so after you've measured the boiling points of the 3 beakers,

you may now turn off the hot plate by turning the heat knob from 10 to 0

Afterwards, carefully move the hot plate to the side to let the 3 beakers cool

Okay so basically, we've been freezing these for 20-30 minutes now

and as you can see, I used a lot of ice and salt to speed up the process to make it a lot colder

So basically, when you start seeing crystals form for each test tube

that'll signify that, basically, the test tubes have reached their freezing points

so when that happens, you should record each of the test tube's freezing points with a thermometer

So basically, this is an example of how it looks when it starts to crystallize and freeze

so you can see the ice there on the test tube with the water

There's still a bit of water in there, but you can also see there's a lot of ice developing in there too

Greg: Alright chemists, so after you've measured the boiling points of the beakers

and the freezing points of the test tubes

record that data in your lab notebook

and then you should be done with the lab

and at this point, the last thing you need to do is just clean up

The salt-ice bath, the beakers and what's in the test tubes can all go down the drain

This project was inspired to us by the

"O-mazing, Dr. O'Malley ;) ;) ;)"

For more infomation >> AP Chemistry: Anti-Freeze Lab Demonstration - Duration: 5:33.

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GnuPG Stories: Michał 'Rysiek' Woźniak from OCCRP - Duration: 6:52.

My name's Michał Woźniak

although the internet knows me as Rysiek.

I work for Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.

I'm the Chief Information Security Officer,

so I do anything related to

communication security, data security and server management.

The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project,

it's an umbrella organization

for investigative journalism media organizations across the globe.

Up until recently,

we were mainly focused on

the Balkans, on Asia, on Russia.

However, we have expanded immensely last year

and right now we're a global thing

co-operating with about 30 partners across the globe

and a large number of different other NGOs, organizations, etc., more loosely.

The idea is that, since crime and corruption are cross-border things,

then investigative journalism that tries to investigate those,

has to be cross border.

But, most organizations that do this

are usually based in a country somewhere.

So, the idea is that we have to help them co-operate

and share information

and work on reports,

work on their articles together.

Otherwise, they will not really be able to see the big picture

and actually investigate the crimes

and the people behind them.

I'm responsible for basically,

all of the opsec training for this organization.

Of course, we rely on other experts also,

but it is my responsibility

to kind of get this together

and make sure that we're all moving towards using

secure, encrypted communication channels and other tools.

On a regular basis, we do trainings

for journalists we work with.

Both our friends in the organization

or colleagues employed by the OCCRP itself

and journalists from other partner organizations.

And we do opsec training.

We talk about email encryption with GPG,

we talk about IM encryption,

we talk about secure VOIP.

We talk about anything they need to actually do their job

and communicate in a way that does not

put them or their sources in danger.

I would say that journalists appreciate GnuPG very much.

Once they've understood

that an email is just a postcard you send.

Being able to put that postcard

in an envelope and use GnuPG

to secure the information contained therein.

This is something that journalists

really appreciate and use daily,

because they do have a very good understanding of security requirements

when communicating with the sources,

when we're talking about the physical world.

When a journalist or reporter goes and talks to a source,

they will make sure that they are not followed, for example,

that if it's a very sensitive source,

they will make sure that it's hard

for anyone to get the information from the meeting, etc.

They understand the danger,

they understand the security problems.

However, it was not obvious to them

that this is the same,

that this is the same case in the internet---

when communicating through email.

That was completely opaque to them.

Once that has been cleared,

they have been informed

about all the dangers that electronic communication carries with it,

as I said, GnuPG became a tool of the trade.

Not all sources know how to use GnuPG,

however, we have reached the point where some of our journalists---

those who use it most extensively,

those who work with sensitive sources most of the time---

are able to teach their sources to use GnuPG

in a way that, perhaps is not perfect,

but it's workable and it's secure.

Which is extremely important in this line of work

because it is not possible---

and it is not possible for the tech team, for example,

to go to Paraguay or to Azerbaijan

and teach a source to use GnuPG

so that they can communicate with the journalist.

I can honestly say that,

the Panama Papers wouldn't have happened without GnuPG.

I don't know how that worked on the source or whistleblower level.

I don't know how the reporters

communicated with the whistleblower.

But, I know for a fact that GnuPG

was one of the very important tools

that reporters and journalists

working on Panama Papers---

after the leak---

were using all the time to communicate.

The communication was always encrypted with GnuPG.

So yes, the Panama Papers wouldn't have happened probably without GnuPG.

Or at least, GnuPG made large contributions to this.

I don't have a particular story to share,

I don't have a situation where,

I don't know, an organized crime figure or corrupt politician

tried to go after our journalist and

then they were thwarted by the encryption.

But, I do strongly believe

that had we not been using GnuPG all of this time,

many of our sources and many of our journalists, would be in danger or in jail.

We are co-operating with journalists and sources

in different -stan or -jans of this world

and many of our journalists have been in jail in the past.

So, GnuPG is a crucial part of our infrastructure

and is a crucial part of the tool set of a journalist working for us.

Other organizations are getting to the same point

that they are able to use GnuPG.

And I do believe that this does save butts all around,

because suddenly getting into somebody's mailbox is simply not enough.