I'm Matt Mitchell from CryptoHarlem in New York, USA.
CryptoHarlem is a meeting every month in northern Manhattan---
predominantly African American region of Manhattan, New York City---
where we teach circumvention tools to the community.
People who live in Harlem are surveilled
from the minute they wake up to the minute they go to sleep.
Your average person in Harlem lives in
affordable housing or public housing
and there's a huge concentration of CCTV cameras,
but only in this community.
There's a huge concentration of automatic license plate readers,
but only in this community.
There's a huge collection of ShotSpotters,
which are microphones on top of buildings
that will help trace the trajectory of potential gunshot sounds,
but only in this community.
So, you have many layers of surveillance
followed by police on the street
and this thing called omnipresence,
which allows 24/7 flood lights to be---gas-generated---broadcast
into the buildings, into the community.
You have police towers
that are automated robot towers
by flair with the heat-sensing technology on it.
So, people ask questions.
They wonder, "This isn't normal.
"I've gone downtown and midtown, I don't see this stuff."
Now, normally, they will say,
"This is for public safety."
"We're monitoring this area."
But if you look at the statistics,
in New York City, we have this thing,
it's CompStat system,
and you can actually look at
yesterday's crime results, it's so fast.
It's all electronic.
And recently, they opened up the data.
This data and additional data
that takes time to process
is what is used to track crime rates in New York City
and crime's at an all-time low in New York City,
but surveillance is at an all-time high
and it's not because of surveillance
that the crime has stopped,
it's just other things.
'Cause we see all-time citywide drop in crime,
but inner city increase in surveillance.
Your average surveillance company
has demilitarized technology
that they need to push into the private sector,
but they can't do that without statistics.
So they'll go to a place like New York City and say, or Newark, New Jersey,
"You can go roll out our ShotStopper,"
or whatever technology.
"We'll subsidize the cost of implementation"
so we can get some data.
"We'll share the data with you."
Fighting this is something that CryptoHarlem's all about.
The American Civil Liberties Union, the ACLU,
has a thing called CCOPS,
which stands for Community Control Over Police Surveillance.
And there's a lot of surveillance
that we didn't know about,
like Stingrays, which is a popular term for cell site simulators.
Knowledge about them is just accidental.
Learning about cameras inside light bulbs
that are being deployed in New York City
is just completely accidental.
Learning about X-ray vans,
which are police that use backscatter radiation to see through walls,
it's all accidental.
Everyone in the United States is being passively surveilled.
We know that because of Edward Snowden,
the work of a lot of journalists,
FOIA requests, and ACLU, etc.
In this case, it's very active
and very real.
It's an adversary who you make eye contact with and see on a daily basis.
And it's a completely different environment when you're doing that.
When I teach GPG, the first thing that people are amazed by
is now they have a way that they can encrypt their data for themselves.
But outside of email, they're thinking,
"I can use this public key encryption
"to secure notes and photos and video."
Whether it's of friends and family or contacts,
if there's a picture of you with someone who you grew up with,
who took a different turn in their life,
that's enough for you to face a gang conspiracy charge.
Encrypting that is a huge defense to people.
They don't need to buy something,
they don't need to install something,
they just always have it
and it's always gonna work for them
and that's very strong and so important.
Then, when you throw in email,
which gets subpoenaed and used against people,
when you look at years and years of your email,
'cause when people are surveilled in Harlem
and they're facing gang conspiracy charges
or this other thing called nuisance abatement charges,
there's enough of your social media
or enough of your email,
to be made to paint you
to look any particular way.
"You said this at this time.
"You said this at that time."
Presented to the jury,
with all your emails next to each other,
can make you look any kind of way.
So, it's so important to encrypt that information
and GPG affords people that.
I know an example of a youth
who was writing direct messages
on Facebook with their friends
and switched to GPG,
writing encrypted messaging,
which now also took them out of writing unsafe messaging
with other people who didn't want to learn it.
And some of the people they communicated with
were held on gang conspiracy charges.
So, whether that person's messages couldn't be read saved them
or the fact that they only communicate with people who use, who have keys,
therefore, a safer group saved them.
They weren't rounded up in a gang conspiracy charge.
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