So I do not know about you, but at least for me
Santa has passed!
It is a model of engine, I propose that we mount it together
it will allow me to show you the main parts of an engine
and then if one day I have to explain to you some things
I can show you on the model
let's see what's in this box
that's the engine block with the cylinders in which will come the pistons
there is a small electric motor with
it must be the cylinder head
I show you that, well! the famous head gasket that is there
I'll show you all that in the details ... belt ...
and assembly instructions
I think it's good, I'm old enough to do it
the first step is the assembly of the pistons
the piston is really the heart of the combustion engine
here is a simplified piston
the piston is that
that's the cylinder
an engine consists of 1 or more pistons
in the model it is a 4 cylinder
4 pistons so
and the operating principle is very simple:
we send inside the piston
a mixture of air
and fuel
we stop the arrival of air
the piston goes up, compresses
the air-fuel mixture that's in there
we get here a small room called the combustion chamber
a spark, in the case of a gasoline engine
a spark, it sets on fire
there is an explosion that pushes the piston
down
and there we get a mechanical energy
at the end of this explosion
it's burnt gas that's in there
we open another hole which is the exhaust
the piston rises and pushes the exhaust gases out
and then we start again on a new cycle
the piston goes down
an air-fuel mixture is returned
so essence,
we compress
we explode ... PRRRR ....
it makes the motor energy
we open the valve
to the exhaust, and presto!
we send the exhaust out
so that's really the basic principle
you have to understand that to understand how an internal combustion engine works
you will admit that it's still quite simple!
go! building!
first piston
so here is a piston
so there it is in two parts
in reality, it's a single block
you see that here there are small streaks
it's to place the segments
what are the segments? it's the joints
quite simply
if I take my syringe
it's the seal that you see, that goes around
to seal
with the walls of the cylinder
so that's good all the way around
a small connecting rod
and there we have
the bottom of the connecting rod
so that's a connecting rod
so there actually in the engines
it's two parts like that
and I miss it
the small cross
I guess that's it
it's not bad, everything is numbered
piston assembly
in the connecting rod I pass the rod that is there
and then I'm going to clip the two halves
piston
in reality there is not a blind hole like that
the hole passes right through
and here is a first assembled piston
the 4 pistons are ready
with their small connecting rod
and now I'm going to place them on the crankshaft
then what is the crankshaft?
it's the big crank: that's it:
it is the main axis of the engine
the purpose of the engine is really to spin
this big piece
you see here
I have 4 places
which are offset from
the central axis
and that's where the connecting rods will come and attach themselves
so I'll have a connecting rod mechanism
and crank
since there a piston gives a movement
transverse
and the goal is to transform this transversal movement
in a rotary motion
so if I take an example here
the rod will come to be placed like that
and when the piston goes up or down
it will turn the crankshaft
it's not very demonstrative
I will attach them to the crankshaft
and you will see better after
when the crankshaft turns
it makes the piston go up and down
in fact it's the opposite that happens:
that's when the piston
shoot goes down
it turns the crankshaft
ok I attach the other 3 pistons
then my crankshaft, my pistons are ready
now i'm going to take care of the low-motor
the oil pan:
it's the container
which will recover the oil
at the bottom of the engine
here is the famous oil pan
and there you will see that they put a fake drain plug on
so it's apparently in this direction
your engine oil, when the engine is stopped
it is completely stored in this pan at the bottom there
now I'm installing
the crankshaft with its pistons in the engine block
hop!
if these gentlemen agree to come home
here I have a small manufacturing defect
there is a little bump there
I will delete it
ok I try again like that
it's not that yet
here I have a little edge, the same: I'm going to expand a little
so there live cylinder bore adjustment
hop!
there you see the movement
movement of cranks, connecting rods
and then the counter weights that are there
ok now we put it on its base
I check right now if it slides well
if it turns out well
It's okay…
then
it's the basic movement of an engine
under your eyes
go I screw it all
so a motor is basically in 2 parts
this part: the engine block with the pistons
and there is the part that will put itself on top
which is the breech of the engine
and the top part, the breech, is more complex than the block
the block is finally quite simple
maybe one more detail:
you see that the connecting rods on the crankshaft
and the crankshaft itself
it turns like that directly on
the sides of the engine block
the connecting rods turn directly
on the crankshaft
in reality there are metal parts
half-moons that come to
on every rubbing place here
it's called bearings
in fact it's bearings without balls
it all works because of the presence
of oil here in the crankcase
there are small holes in the block
which bring the oil to the friction spots
if there was no oil
and if we were there like that metal against metal
you know it's very bad metal against metal
it would eventually overheat
the metal would warp
there would be material that would leave etc ...
so that's why the oil
is critical for your engine
it is imperative that all these pieces
turn in the oil
ok now we'll take care
of the upper part of the engine: the cylinder head
so I'm already going to take care of the valves
on this model it's
two-part valves
in reality it is not mounted like that
there are 8
4 for intake, 4 for exhaust
and here we can see that they have differentiated the intake and exhaust valves
they do not have the same diameter
the exhaust valves are generally smaller
than intake valves
ok my valves are ready
to be mounted
here is the cylinder head
on which they will fit
so here here
it's the small valve guide
and here we have a hollow
and this hollow here is the combustion chamber
each valve has a spring
so this spring exists
on the real engines
we pass the valve in his guide
and here on the other side
I put
the tip of the valve
hop! and here is a valve
now I'm going to install the rockers
a rocker what is it? it's a little lever
like that who will come to support
on the valves
they are all mounted on an axis
and there on this axis they come
press the valves to open and close them
at specified intervals
here they are in position
and that must come
above here
I check that each ... no it is in the other direction
it seems to be going
hop!
ok now i'm going to assemble the bolt
on the block, and for that we need
the famous
cylinder head gasket
what is the purpose of the cylinder head gasket
it's just about sealing
the combustion chamber
and the explosion that will occur
in each piston
the gases, when they leave, they press on all sides
so you have to close this combustion chamber
so there you see, this one is even provided with a keying
Do not be mistaken
so it's a big joint
all flat
which will be sandwiched
between the engine block and the cylinder head
here to screw
the cylinder head at the block
there are 6 screws
in reality there is usually at least 10
on the 4 cylinders
and in reality there is a tightening order
in general it's snail like that
from the center of the cylinder head to the outside
so we start with the screw that is there, this one ...
then that one ... that one
and for tightening, there is
a very specific order to respect
in general it is necessary to make a pre-tightening
kind to 20Nm
and then you have to add a quarter turn
or tighten
to a prescribed torque, a hundred Nm, something like that
for each engine
you have to have the technical doc
in general it is supplied with the new cylinder head gasket
if one day you change a cylinder head gasket
follow the recommendations
of the new seal
and that's starting to take shape
the goal of an engine is to run
this axis: the crankshaft
for that it is necessary that the pistons can be animated
we have to send them a mixture of air
and fuel
that we blow up in there. Hop!
it brings successively the pistons down
and that turns the big crank: the crankshaft
and then this mechanical movement
is transmitted to the wheels of the car
now to press those little levers
the famous rockers
we will need a program
and yes, because you have to, at specific times
open or close the intake valves
and exhaust of each cylinder
this program it is
mechanical
and it is implemented by the camshaft
the camshaft, what is it?
it's a big stem like that
on which will come the cams
then the cams, there are 8
here is one
so you see
there is a hole here in the middle
the axis of the camshaft
pass in
and there is a bump
Who is here
and this bump will come to press
under the rocker
and will operate the rocker
there are 8, they all have a different angle
I ride them on the axis, you will see
here I mounted the 8 cams on the camshaft
so you see that
the intake cam is the opposite to 180 °
from that of the exhaust
for each piston
every bump here is going to press successively
on the rockers that will press the valves
here! I installed the engine program
setting up the rockers on the camshaft
I'm checking turning here that
we get well
the desired program, which the cams support well
on the valves
okay that's good
I will be able to screw
and now the rocker cover then
the rocker cover is a plate
that prevents
oil splashes
above the engine
and there is a seal here
and if you have oil leaks on your engine
often enough:
it is this rocker cover gasket that starts to leak
you can look there
it's usually fishing
I put the pulleys in place
there is one for the camshaft
one here
on the crankshaft
so there you see that there is a little notch here
on the small notch of the top there
I do not know if you see him
there is a key in fact, it is said that it is keyed
like that the pulley is still well trained by the crankshaft
she can not slip
now I'm going to install the timing belt
the timing belt, what is it doing?
she will synchronize the movement of the crankshaft down
with that of the camshaft at the top
so you see it's a belt that is notched
so the notches should be put in the right places at the top and bottom
if there is one or more offset notches
between the top wheel and the bottom wheel
intake and exhaust cycles
will be unregulated compared
to the movement of pistons
and even worse
what can happen: the valves are open
while the piston is winding up
and there the piston will eventually hit the valve
and twist it and break it
on a real engine there is a hole
in the pulley of the camshaft up there
which allows to position it
at a certain place
or there are marks on the pulley that must be aligned with marks
here on the breech
for the model they provide us
a small synchronization tool
and now I'm going up
the belt
here we have the tensioner
the important thing is that it is well tense here
here I pass the belt behind the idler
hop!
now I remove the sync tool
if it wants to get out of there
here
FAIL
first fail: the timing belt has failed
there is nothing to hold it on the other side
resynchronize ...
here! I will leave it like that
now I have to put this timing belt guard
and then I realize that I made a mistake for
the low-motor
it does not matter, I will change the orientation right away
I will hold the crankshaft
about-turn
I re-install it
and I put back the screws
ok now I can put the timing belt guard
good!
the water pump which is purely cosmetic
for finishes I pass you the details
so I put the water pump
the pulley of the top with the fan
lower pulley
I think it's called the damper pulley
so I add the belt
between the two
in a way to
to turn the fan
so this is the movement of the crankshaft
which rotates the timing belt and the fan belt
by opening a bag a little too quickly I cut myself
with the cutter
I did not miss myself !
hop!
obviously I am gutted with orientation
There you go!
perfect
so now on the other side
of the crankshaft is here that is placed
the flywheel
so there it is symbolized by this gear
and on the model we will install an electric motor here
and that, it symbolizes the clutch bell
who comes here
so normally you have your flywheel
clutch, gearbox that come here
and at the exit of the gearbox
there are gimbals that go to two-wheel drive
or else it's a transmission shaft that goes to the differential at the rear
which then brings the movement to the two rear drive wheels
the model is complete
I set up
the electric motor
here there is a small distributor
who will distribute electricity to the candles
which are symbolized by small leds in the pistons
here exhaust manifold
here intake manifold with the butterfly
so it works
there is a small electric motor there that drives the crankshaft
and besides it makes noise
I will take away the collector
admission to see a little better
what happens to the cylinders
and valves
we will focus on the piston that is there
it is the cylinder n ° 1
and the valve that's there is the biggest one, it's the intake valve
when I start the engine
we had admission, explosion, exhaust
admission, compression and explosion, exhaust
on the other side
I will try to show you the exhaust valve
then there is a little more the bazaar
because there are the cables: Voilà! exhaust!
explosion, exhaust
explosion, exhaust
every time the light comes on, it symbolizes the explosion
when the electric motor is mounted, we can not
turn the crankshaft by hand
so I take it away from you
here! and we will see together again
the four-cycle
of the motor
there the piston is at the top
it's called the top dead center
I turn a little bit
so there it goes up a little bit so that's the real dead point up
the piston starts to descend
you will see: the intake valve will go down here
here
the camshaft has a cam
which is pushing on a rocker
which presses on the valve
and which opens the intake here
so here we send here through the hole
a mixture of air and fuel, gasoline in this case
the mixture returns
the piston reaches down
the valve
closes
and there the piston goes up and compresses
the air / fuel mixture
when it arrives at the top
so that's when the diode turns on
you will not see it because I have disconnected everything
and in reality there is the spark that is produced
by the spark plug
there is explosion
both valves are still closed
I do not know if you see at the bottom the exhaust valve
but it did not move
explosion
the piston goes down again, so there the driving force
is exercised
on the crankshaft
then (I turn to the other side for you to see)
the exhaust valve
there I continue to turn: you have the exhaust valve in the middle
the piston goes back
and the exhaust valve is lifted up there
so this is it ...
and there the exhaust gas
are sent
in the collector here
and sent on the exhaust line
so it's the 4-step principle
the 4 steps are
intake, compression, explosion and exhaust
and so we review for the last time the complete cycle
admission
compression
explosion
and exhaust
intake compression explosion exhaust
and there on this model
you see that the order of explosion is 2
1, 3 and 4
2, 1, 3, and 4
this is what is observed on 4-cylinder engines in general
I hope you enjoyed this video
and that this model may have helped you understand
the operation of a 4-stroke 4-cylinder engine
if you are looking for the model I put you the link in the description
if you have questions, please comment on them
I will try to answer them, otherwise there will surely be professionals to answer you
See you soon on Garage, Bangers
and Rock'n Roll !!
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