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Medical Network, For Public Health
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Watch out for Japanese encephalitis recurrence
Summer is the time when many diseases appear, including Japanese encephalitis.
The condition of encephalitis will progress to epidemic if young children have not been vaccinated or immunizations are not satisfactory.
The disease is very dangerous because no timely remedy can easily die.
How is transmission?
The disease is caused by the Arbo virus, which is common in children, especially children under the age of 10, because this age is more susceptible to encephalitis than adults in Japan.
Especially in children who do not have immunity to the Arbo virus (vaccinated by the mother or not vaccinated).
The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes, so the summer, rainy season, the temperature is very suitable for mosquitoes to thrive, so Japanese encephalitis will be at risk of outbreaks.
Broccoli propagation of Japanese encephalitis is culex mosquitoes, mosquitoes that suck blood and infectious diseases, transmitted to healthy people through blood sucking.
Culex mosquitoes have the most active characteristics (human blood suck) at dusk.
Culex mosquitoes reproduce most strongly in Vietnam from March to July, August and September, so the incidence of encephalitis in Japan is also highest in these months.
Pediatric patients are treated Japanese encephalitis at the National Hospital of Paediatrics.
What are the symptoms of the disease?
The incubation period of encephalitis in Japan usually lasts from 5 to 7 days.
During this period, there was no sign of anomalies, then the onset
Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (runny nose, sore throat, stuffy nose, cough), sudden high fever (above 39 to 40 degrees Celsius), headache, especially in the forehead area.
There may be gastrointestinal disturbances (abdominal pain accompanied by loose stools, nausea, vomiting), especially in young children.
It is usually vomiting and not dependent on meals (vomiting at any time).
There are signs of stiff neck and muscle tone, may appear confused, losing consciousness.
During full-blown periods, the signs are similar in the onset but increased
Especially neurological signs such as delirium, hallucinations or agitation, increased muscle tone makes the child in the position of the "trigger type".
Convulsions may also occur or be fatal, paralysis.
For severe illness, it can be overcast at first and then gradually into coma.
In addition, there are marked signs of plant neuropathy such as sweating, dyspnoea (redness, redness), dyspnea and increased respiratory distress.
In the second week, symptoms such as fever, neurological symptoms, cardiovascular disease gradually decrease (called period of withdrawal).
Some patients after this stage may have sequelae such as paralysis or paralysis of cranial nerves or motor coordination disorder.
Leave dangerous complications.
If not treated early, the disease can have very serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis or bronchial pneumonia due to bacterial infections.
In addition, there may be some sequelae late later than one year or longer, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's.
Japanese encephalitis, with a high mortality rate (20 to 80%), is common in severely ill patients, including convulsions, coma, prolonged sedation, severe exhaustion, and severe pneumonia.
How disease prevention?
To prevent Japanese encephalitis, it is important to spread the word about the disease, the danger of mosquitoes, and the role of larvae.
At the same time popular measures to kill mosquitoes and adult mosquitoes in all forms.
Localities are at high risk for diseases or are suffering encephalitis in Japan, measures should be taken using insecticidal chemicals such as spray, mosquito nets and mosquitoes.
Mosquito control measures are very effective but should be carried out in a uniform manner for all households in the village or community quarters, not to miss any family so that there is no shelter. ten.
When lying down or sleeping, mosquito screens should be avoided (even during the day).
Vaccination of Japanese encephalitis vaccine is the best way to prevent the disease, so it is necessary for children and adults who do not have immunity to Japanese Encephalitis to go to the Preventive Medicine Center for vaccination.
Specifically, for children under 5: nose one, at 1 year of age; Nose 2, nose 1 after 1 to 2 weeks, nose 3, after nose 2 is 1 year.
Then repeat every 3 to 4 years until the child turns 15 years old.
For children over 5, if not vaccinated, also injected with 3 basic doses.
Distance of the nose is similar to above.
Associate Professor, Doctor, Doctor: Bui Khac Hau.
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