-------------------------------------------
The holy abode of Sri Jagannath gives a feeling of perfect solace - Duration: 3:36.
The holy abode of Sri Jagannath gives a feeling of perfect solace
Puri is a sacred city according to the Hindu mythology which is located 60 Km away from
Bhubaneshwar.
It is also known as the Jagannath Dham for the presence of the beautiful and historical
Jagannath temple there.
According to the established belief, the pilgrimage of a Hindu is incomplete without his or her
visit to Jagannath Dham.
It is the only temple of India where Krishna cohabits with Radha alond with the deities
of Parvati, Durga and Shakti.
It is the holy abode of lord Jagannath and the religious teachers have called it in different
names like Neelachala, Purusottama Kshetra, Neeladri, Purusottama Puri, Srikshetra, Purusottama
Dh?ma, Jagannath Dhama and Shankhakshetra.
The city of Puri takes the shape of an ocean of pilgrims' during the festival of Ratha
Yatra.
It is during this time of the year that the idols and the chariots of lord Jagannath,
Baladeva and Subhadra are decked richly before they are places gracefully in their respective
chariots and taken along with a procession to Gundicha.
This a sight worth experiencing and for these reason tourists apart from most dedicated
of devout throng the city every year.
The tourism of Puri takes a pride in offering a myriad of places of worship to its tourists.
According to the popular religious belief Puri is considered to be one of the seven
holy places of the world.
Keeping aside the world famous Jagannath Dham, there are Mausima Temple, Nandankanan, Swargadwar,
Sree Gundicha Temple, Konarak Sun Temple, Alarnath Temple and many more places of worship.
There are monasteries like the Govardhan Math which give spiritual solace to aged travelers.
Besides the holy places of visit Puri offers you breath-takingly wonderful seashore to
go for a walk or simply sit back and watch the waves lashing against the sandy extensive
beach.
An annual sea beach festival is also held at Puri which is a major attraction to the
tourists.
More over watching the sunrise and sunset from the seashore is an additional benefit
of visiting the place.
There is the famous crematorium at Swargadwar located 14 Km from the city of Puri.
Another famous spot for pilgrimage is Sakshi Gopal located at 20 Km from Puri.
Puri's handiwork and cottage industries have a global recognition with the temple
craft of Jagannath temple.
Stone engravings, Patachitra, Katki, Pipli are the indigenous handicrafts of Orissa.
Along the sea beach you also get mushroom stalls that sell out home décor and junk
jewelry made of shells.
How to reach Puri: Puri has an excellent network both by rail and road from different metro
cities of India.
By air, one can reach Bhubaneswar which is the capital of Orissa and then reach Puri
by road.
Places of accommodation:The best time to visit Puri is from the month of March to June.
There are different hotels and tourist lodges belonging to the government and private sector
that you can book according to your budget.
You can get dormitories and premium suites in such hotels and lodges.
Both online and spot booking facilities are available.
-------------------------------------------
Brutta notizia per Virginia: ecco cosa ha fatto Nicolò con Marta | M.C.G.S - Duration: 3:33.
For more infomation >> Brutta notizia per Virginia: ecco cosa ha fatto Nicolò con Marta | M.C.G.S - Duration: 3:33. -------------------------------------------
Honda CR-V 2.0 16V 155pk Real Time 4WD Lifestyle - Duration: 1:14.
For more infomation >> Honda CR-V 2.0 16V 155pk Real Time 4WD Lifestyle - Duration: 1:14. -------------------------------------------
Nightcore - Touch the Sky - Duration: 2:20.
This video includes lyrics on the screen
-------------------------------------------
Uomini e donne, Tina tenta di strappare i vestiti a Gemma | M.C.G.S - Duration: 3:09.
For more infomation >> Uomini e donne, Tina tenta di strappare i vestiti a Gemma | M.C.G.S - Duration: 3:09. -------------------------------------------
fer a souder sans fil PARKSIDE LIDL PLKA 3.6 A2 cordless Soldering Iron Akku-Lötkolben - Duration: 3:04.
3.6 V soldering iron - PARKSIDE / LIDL
Hello, soldering iron - PARKSIDE PLKA 3.6 A2
Drums ; LI-ION 3.6V - 1.5 Ah
temperature: 470 ° c (max)
heating time: 25 to 35 seconds - autonomy: 60 minutes, there are accessories
Warranty: 3 years, price paid: € 11.99
manual + charging station + power cord (micro USB)
a breakdown (the tip is 3 centimeters)
10 grams of tin wire (1 mm) and 10 grams of tin wire (1.5 mm)
the wireless soldering iron
On Off
heating button (+ LED lighting)
screw the fault here
before the first use you must charge the device, the charging time is 3 hours, non removable battery
you can use the charging station or the cable (directly)
charge indicator (green = charging complete)
the charging station makes iron support (hot iron)
30 seconds = 300 ° c then continue heating (to reach 470 ° c)
small test
1.5 mm tin: starts to melt in 20 seconds
green = 300 ° c
conclusion
(+) price, 3 year warranty, ready in less than 30 seconds, light, handy, LED, 1 hour of use
(-) non-adjustable temperature, charging time of 3 hours, non-removable battery, no fault cleaning accessory
in order to thank you I put this product in competition, to win it is simple
the first person who writes in commentary of the video
what computer component does this object come from? (an index is shown in the video) (1 entry per person)
thank you and see you soon (and good luck) ++
-------------------------------------------
Gemma e Giorgio ancora in love? La clamorosa anticipazione | Wind Zuiden - Duration: 4:46.
For more infomation >> Gemma e Giorgio ancora in love? La clamorosa anticipazione | Wind Zuiden - Duration: 4:46. -------------------------------------------
Uomini e donne domani 20/4: sfilata a luci rosse | Wind Zuiden - Duration: 3:32.
For more infomation >> Uomini e donne domani 20/4: sfilata a luci rosse | Wind Zuiden - Duration: 3:32. -------------------------------------------
➤ 한반도에 사드 발사대를 싣고 1만km 날아온 C-17 글로브마스터 ➤ 한국 일보TQK - Duration: 4:39.
For more infomation >> ➤ 한반도에 사드 발사대를 싣고 1만km 날아온 C-17 글로브마스터 ➤ 한국 일보TQK - Duration: 4:39. -------------------------------------------
Top 10 VLCC Weight Loss-Programme und ihre Kosten 2 - Duration: 5:37.
For more infomation >> Top 10 VLCC Weight Loss-Programme und ihre Kosten 2 - Duration: 5:37. -------------------------------------------
Wasser-Therapie zur Gewichtsreduktion: Was sind die Schritte? - Duration: 5:58.
For more infomation >> Wasser-Therapie zur Gewichtsreduktion: Was sind die Schritte? - Duration: 5:58. -------------------------------------------
"선견 200 %"· · · · ·|조회수8.212.910 - Duration: 5:47.
For more infomation >> "선견 200 %"· · · · ·|조회수8.212.910 - Duration: 5:47. -------------------------------------------
일대일 100 클래스 반전 (?) 한 번에 55 명을 남긴 문제|조회수8.212.910 - Duration: 3:07.
For more infomation >> 일대일 100 클래스 반전 (?) 한 번에 55 명을 남긴 문제|조회수8.212.910 - Duration: 3:07. -------------------------------------------
「物凄いヤクザがいた！」竹中武の尋常でない魅力､全国民に知らせたい。- ニュース24x7 - Duration: 14:59.
For more infomation >> 「物凄いヤクザがいた！」竹中武の尋常でない魅力､全国民に知らせたい。- ニュース24x7 - Duration: 14:59. -------------------------------------------
Salon de Genève 2018 : la Kia Ceed SW en avance - Duration: 2:00.
For more infomation >> Salon de Genève 2018 : la Kia Ceed SW en avance - Duration: 2:00. -------------------------------------------
Top 10 Gemüse, das Sie schnell Gewicht zu verlieren Hilfe 1 - Duration: 4:23.
For more infomation >> Top 10 Gemüse, das Sie schnell Gewicht zu verlieren Hilfe 1 - Duration: 4:23. -------------------------------------------
녹차의 효능 6가지 ► My Life ► https://goo.gl/Nbx1rX - Duration: 4:58.
For more infomation >> 녹차의 효능 6가지 ► My Life ► https://goo.gl/Nbx1rX - Duration: 4:58. -------------------------------------------
Top 10 Weight Loss Frühstück Entscheidungen sollten Sie versuchen, 2 - Duration: 4:37.
For more infomation >> Top 10 Weight Loss Frühstück Entscheidungen sollten Sie versuchen, 2 - Duration: 4:37. -------------------------------------------
Get Your Org's Secure Score
For more infomation >> Get Your Org's Secure Score-------------------------------------------
ホンダ ステップワゴン モデューロX 一部改良 専用10インチナビに変更など - Duration: 2:09.
For more infomation >> ホンダ ステップワゴン モデューロX 一部改良 専用10インチナビに変更など - Duration: 2:09. -------------------------------------------
BMW M5（4WD/8AT）【試乗記】 - Duration: 15:24.
For more infomation >> BMW M5（4WD/8AT）【試乗記】 - Duration: 15:24. -------------------------------------------
1979-1995 Mustang 5.0L Pypes Off-Road X-Pipe Exhaust Sound Clip & Install - Duration: 9:59.
The Pypes Off-Road X-Pipe is a good choice for any '79 and '95 5-Liter Mustang owners
who are looking to swap out their factory mid pipe for one that eliminates the restrictive
cats for a more powerful, and much more aggressive, and raspier sound.
This is a modular mid pipe so it does work with long tube headers.
You just unbolt the extended pipes to make them work for the new set up.
Pypes makes pretty budget friendly stuff and this is gonna be no different compared to
all the rest.
So expect this to fall right around the $200 mark and the installation is a direct bolt-on
with one out of three wrenches on our difficulty meter.
Now, as you've just heard from our sound clips, these are a pretty noticeable upgrade over
the stock age pipe setup.
Now, X-Pipes eliminate that restrictive crossover pipe that an H-Pipe has, which gives it more
of a free-flowing tubing.
The result, aside from a bump-in power, is a raspier way more aggressive sound.
Now, because it's an off-road version, it does the leap catalytic converters, which
means it helps to lift the sound and power gains without that added roadblock.
Now, obviously, the sound can be customized further by pairing it with the cat-back or
axle-back of your choice, so keep that in mind while listening to this setup.
Now, like I said, the lack of cats will help you pick up a few extra horsepower and torque,
so you'll see a change in throttle response as well.
Keep in mind, this is meaning it's strictly used for off-road uses only, no longer being
legal for the road.
Now, the pipes are made from a sturdy 2.5-inch 16 gauge 409 stainless steel, which is one
step up of endurability from the beginner aluminized options.
Now, if you're located in wintery weather areas, this will hold up a lot longer, but
the 302 stainless steel options will be the best bet for longevity although they do come
with a higher price.
This one here is gonna run you, like I said, about 200 bucks, which is still definitely
an affordable price for such an impactful model and one that comes with a modular design.
Just to elaborate on that modular design, this one does actually work for both stock
manifolds, shorty header lengths as well as long tube headers.
Typically, you need to pick up a stock length mid pipe to match your shorties or stock manifolds
or you need shorty mid-pipes for the long tube headers.
This one can actually have the longer part of the tubing detached and turn into a shorty
mid pipe as you see here, which is what you will be using when it comes to long tube headers.
Now, what that basically means is if you've got stock headers now and you just want a
quick sound change, this is a good fit, but if you're looking to go for long tube headers
in the future, you don't have to worry about picking up a new mid pipe because this will
still work, thanks to the modular construction from Pypes.
Finally, the installation is extremely simple either way.
It's a direct bolt on onto the manifold, your headers, and your cat back.
All you need to do is grab a simple ratchet and socket set, a jack and jack stands or
lifts in pull jack if you have access to one, and I'd recommend having some PB blaster or
WD40 on deck as well.
This one does get one out of three wrenches on the difficulty meter and you can probably
tackle it in about an hour or so from start to finish.
Begin by removing the four 14-millimeter bolts holding the cat-back exhaust to the factory
H-pipe.
Next, we're gonna be removing the four factory bolts connecting the factory H-pipe to the
factory exhaust manifolds.
Also, we're gonna be disconnecting the factory O2 sensors.
If your car is really equipped with a small system, you gonna wanna disconnect the small
pipe fitting from your two catalytic converters.
Now, we're gonna transfer our original O2 sensors to the new aftermarket X-Pipe.
Now, you can begin the installation of your new aftermarket pipes, X-Pipe.
You can begin by sliding the front tubes up in the place on the factory manifold loosely
installing the bolts.
Now, that your center section and front sections are loosely installed, you're gonna wanna go
ahead and install your four bolts that connect your cat-back to your new X-Pipe, still leaving
everything slightly loose for adjustments and aligning everything up.
Once you have everything properly aligned, go ahead and start from the cat-back forwards
tightening everything up.
Once everything is tightened up, you are now able to go ahead and plug back in your O2
sensors.
Your installation is now complete.
Enjoy your new X-Pipe.
Just to wrap things up here, if you are the owner of a 1979 up to a '95 5-Liter Mustang,
you might wanna check out the pipes off-road X-Pipes, which you can find right here at
americanmuscle.com.
-------------------------------------------
トヨタ アクア 改良モデル、初期ロット159台の衝突回避支援システムに不具合 - Duration: 1:45.
For more infomation >> トヨタ アクア 改良モデル、初期ロット159台の衝突回避支援システムに不具合 - Duration: 1:45. -------------------------------------------
Après avoir vu ce qui va se passer, vous allez congeler les citrons pour le reste de votre vie ! - Duration: 5:45.
For more infomation >> Après avoir vu ce qui va se passer, vous allez congeler les citrons pour le reste de votre vie ! - Duration: 5:45. -------------------------------------------
1999-2004 Mustang 4.6L BBK Catted X-Pipe Exhaust Sound Clip & Install - Duration: 13:51.
If you're the owner of a '99 to '04 GT or Cobra and you want one of the most affordable
Catted X-pipes available, then the BBK option I have with me today is the right choice.
Following a new axle back, a stock length X-pipe like this one is usually the next step
in upgrading your exhaust, unless you're going for long tubes.
This BBK unit will provide plenty of that raspy race car growl you're looking for, and
as long as you don't live in those emissions restrictive states like California or New
York, this set up will also keep you street legal when it times for emissions testing.
Now, because this X-pipe is stock length, it will bolt directly to your factory or shorty
headers, with no cutting required.
So, I'm giving this install a relatively easy one out of three wrenches on our difficulty
meter, and I expect you can get this bolted up in about an hour.
All right.
So, why an X-pipe over an H-pipe?
Now, as you just heard, an X-pipe like this will give you that raspy sound that I mentioned.
And I'm actually giving this particular option a soft three out of five on our loudness meter.
Now, your other option is an H-pipe, which is mellow and deeper in tone.
Now, you will get a little bit of performance by upgrading to an X-pipe, and this offers
gains in the mid to high RPM band, whereas an H-pipe offers power in the low end.
Like I said, this X-pipe is stock length, meaning it's compatible with factory or shorty
headers.
Shortys offer better performance in the low end and mid-range compared to long tubes,
so this X-pipe and shorty combo offers a balance of all around sound and power, low or high.
But what does that all mean for you?
Well, if your Mustang is a daily driver, then this set up will be better for you compared
to, say, long tubes in an uncatted mid pipe.
That kind of set up is not street legal and you'd be trading off some performance in the
low end for better results at track day.
Now, another factor to consider is build quality.
This X-pipe is nicely formed and it retains the factory 02 sensor locations, which is
convenient and it's made out of 2-1/2-inch aluminized steel.
This is considered a more cost-effective and entry-level steel.
Now, if you drive your Mustang in harsh weather a lot or you deal with bad winters and a lot
of road salt, then you'll want to keep your undercarriage clean with an occasional wash
or you could consider a stainless steel mid-pipe instead.
Now, if that's not a concern for you and you can maintain your ride in that poor weather,
then this X-pipe will last quite a long time.
Now, I've personally had good results with aluminized pipes, just by running my car through
the wash on a regular basis in winter, and that's just to get rid of road salt.
The nice part about this kit is cost.
Getting into this set up is very cost-effective, and like I mentioned earlier, this is actually
one of the most affordable catted X-pipes that we sell at just over $400.
The only more affordable option comes from pipes for a few bucks less, but I personally
like how BBK handled forming the pipes on this kit, and I think that the actual crossover
on this unit is very well-executed.
The only much less expensive route that you can take is going with an off road mid pipe,
but that won't include cats, and therefore won't be street legal.
Now, if you want to go with something stainless, then I'd recommend looking at SLP's catted
X-pipe.
All right.
So, getting this installed is pretty straightforward like I said, so I'm giving this one out of
three wrenches on our difficulty meter.
You should be able to get this done in about an hour and this is a bolt on kit since the
phalanges are 2-1/2-inch factory connections.
You'll just need a ratchet and socket set and some jack stands or a lift.
So, let's head over to our install bay and I'll show you guys how to get this thing hooked
up.
All right, guys.
So, we got our car on the lift.
To put this X-pipe on, we're just going to need a couple of sockets.
It's going to start off with a 16-millimeter and a 14-millimeter.
Our car has seen some miles on it, so we are going to begin by soaking some of these bolts
in some WD40 to make it easier to get them off.
All right, guys.
We're going to start with removing our tailpipes and these are four 16-millimeter bolts.
All right, guys.
So now that we got our exhaust tips off, it's time to take our mufflers and flow tubes off
that go over the axle.
That's going to be a couple of 16-millimeter bolts as well.
Now, depending on your set up, you might need to use a socket or you might need to use a
16-millimeter wrench if it's too tight in there for an actual socket.
All right, guys.
So once you have your mufflers disconnected from your flow tubes, depending on your set
up, you might have to take the mufflers themselves out.
With our particular set up, we can actually let our mufflers hang down on the hangers
while they sit over the axle itself.
All right, guys.
So now that we have our mufflers hanging down and out of the way, we're going to remove
our flow tubes from the factory H-pipe.
And to do that, you are going to need a 14-millimeter socket and a 14-millimeter wrench.
All right, guys.
So, now that we got our flow tubes off of our factory H-pipe, we're going to actually
disconnect our O2 sensors.
Now, you can try and take the O2 sensors out of the H pipe itself, but that might be a
little difficult with the pipe still installed.
So, what we're going to do is actually disconnect the O2 connector from the car, and we can
pull the entire H-pipe out with the sensors connected to it, and we can deal with it once
it's off the car.
All right, guys.
Now that we have our downstream O2s disconnected from the car, we're going to go ahead and
disconnect both of our upstream O2s so that we can actually pull the factory H-pipe from
the headers.
All right, guys.
So when you start removing your H-pipe from the vehicle, you may find, well, you'll most
likely find that these bolts on here are pretty seized up, especially on a new edge.
To make it easier, you could spray them down with some penetrant and let them soak for
a minute, that'll make it a lot easier to take them off.
All right.
Now that we got our factory H-pipe out of the car, it's time for us to take the O2 sensors
off.
These usually get seized up pretty easily because of all the heat and all the mileage,
so we're going to go ahead and take a torch, heat these bad boys up so we can take them
off with our 15-millimeter wrench.
All right.
So, once you pull your upstream O2 sensor connectors from the vehicle itself, you can
actually pull the four bolts from the phalanges that connect the stock manifolds to the H-pipe.
You're going to need an assortment of extensions and pivots and you're going to need a 15-millimeter
socket to do so.
We just pulled ours and unfortunately, we did end up breaking all four of our bolts
because of mileage and rust and things like that.
Now that we have our four bolts pulled from our factory H-pipe, we can remove it from
the vehicle.
So now, once you have your exhaust manifolds ready for the X-pipe to be bolted on, you're
going to want to install your O2 sensors first, your upstreams.
This will make it a lot easier to do it now when we're on the table before the parts are
actually in the car.
All right.
So, we're going to get our first tube connected on the driver side exhaust manifold, and to
do this, you're going to need two of these supply bolts and nuts, those are 14 millimeters
each.
We're going to connect the new phalange to the driver side phalange on the exhaust manifold.
All right.
Now, we're going to do the other side.
Now that we have both of our pipes hooked up to our exhaust manifolds on either side,
we're going to reconnect our upstream O2 sensors.
Now that we have our exhaust manifold pipes hooked up and our O2 upstream sensors hooked
up, it's time for us to mock up where our X-pipe is going to sit.
But before we do that, we're going to want to actually connect our downstream O2 sensors
while the kit is off the car.
All right.
So now that we have our O2 sensors connected on our X-pipe, it's ready to be installed
on the vehicle.
I'm going to be connected these C clamps to our pipes that we've already installed so
that we can actually connect the X-pipe to the vehicle.
Now, we're going to support the X-pipe on a pole jack and get it into place.
So, with our X-pipe supported by a pole jack, we're going to go ahead and tighten down our
C clamps just enough to hold the X-pipe to the vehicle without it moving around too much.
You're going to need to make some adjustments after you get the entire exhaust back on.
But for now, we want to make sure that this doesn't slide off once we get it back on the
vehicle.
To tighten these down, you're going to need a 15-millimeter socket.
All right.
So, with our X-pipe supported on the vehicle, now we can reconnect our downstream O2 sensors.
So now that our X-pipe is lined up and connected to the vehicle pretty well, we can start putting
on our original flow tubes that meet with our factory mufflers.
So, now that we have our X-pipe on the vehicle, we're actually going to reconnect our flow
tubes which connect our mufflers to our exhaust system.
Now, we're going to do the same for the other side.
Now that we have our flow tubes reconnected to our X-pipe and our mufflers, we're going
to go ahead and tighten everything down.
Now that we have all of our pipes hooked up to the vehicle, the last thing we need to
do is reconnect our exhaust tips.
All right.
So, with our passenger side exhaust tip connected, we kept things loose.
As we have with everything else, we're going to tighten up everything at the end.
Now, we're going to go ahead and get our driver's side tip on as well.
So now that we have everything tightened up on the car, that actually wraps up our review
and install of the BBK Catted X-pipe, which fits all '99 to '04 4.6 liters.
I'm Travis.
Thanks for watching.
And for all things Mustang, keep it right here at AmericanMuscle.com.
-------------------------------------------
新型ポルシェ「718ボクスター スパイダー」の開発車両が、ニュルブルクリンクでテスト走行する姿を目撃！ - Duration: 2:25.
For more infomation >> 新型ポルシェ「718ボクスター スパイダー」の開発車両が、ニュルブルクリンクでテスト走行する姿を目撃！ - Duration: 2:25. -------------------------------------------
NTN、中国のFASTが量産するEVにインホイールモータ駆動システムの技術を供与…北京モーターショー2018 - Duration: 3:08.
For more infomation >> NTN、中国のFASTが量産するEVにインホイールモータ駆動システムの技術を供与…北京モーターショー2018 - Duration: 3:08. -------------------------------------------
GMが557hpの高性能電動SUV発表へ、0-100km/h加速4秒以内…北京モーターショー2018【車と人生 24_7】 - Duration: 2:03.
For more infomation >> GMが557hpの高性能電動SUV発表へ、0-100km/h加速4秒以内…北京モーターショー2018【車と人生 24_7】 - Duration: 2:03. -------------------------------------------
마티즈 11년 연속 브랜드파워 1위[Bike 24h] - Duration: 1:53.
For more infomation >> 마티즈 11년 연속 브랜드파워 1위[Bike 24h] - Duration: 1:53. -------------------------------------------
쏘울·모하비 ″美 최상의 선택 차종″[Bike 24h] - Duration: 2:03.
For more infomation >> 쏘울·모하비 ″美 최상의 선택 차종″[Bike 24h] - Duration: 2:03. -------------------------------------------
J.Cole - Choroba posiadania więcej - Duration: 3:04.
For more infomation >> J.Cole - Choroba posiadania więcej - Duration: 3:04. -------------------------------------------
Canciones Nuevas De Reggaeton Abril 2018 Maluma, J Balvin, Bad Bunny, Ozuna Lo Mas Nuevo Estrenos HD - Duration: 1:24:32.
For more infomation >> Canciones Nuevas De Reggaeton Abril 2018 Maluma, J Balvin, Bad Bunny, Ozuna Lo Mas Nuevo Estrenos HD - Duration: 1:24:32. -------------------------------------------
J-20이 자신 있다는 중국은 왜 SU-35을 도입할까 |특수 부대 - Duration: 5:10.
For more infomation >> J-20이 자신 있다는 중국은 왜 SU-35을 도입할까 |특수 부대 - Duration: 5:10. -------------------------------------------
What Newlyweds Should Know About Divorce: Advice From a Divorce Lawyer - Duration: 2:52.
For more infomation >> What Newlyweds Should Know About Divorce: Advice From a Divorce Lawyer - Duration: 2:52. -------------------------------------------
3 Advanced Hacks to Grow Your Business with Instagram Stories - Duration: 6:45.
For more infomation >> 3 Advanced Hacks to Grow Your Business with Instagram Stories - Duration: 6:45. -------------------------------------------
Homemade Ramen & Threat Intelligence: A Recipe for Both - SANS CTI Summit 2018 - Duration: 26:50.
(uplifting music)
(audience applauding)
- Kyle's introduction I think did more than anything else.
The only extra part of bonafides I will give you is
I did have ramen for lunch today
and I'm fairly certain I'm getting dragged to have ramen
for dinner tonight, which I think may be largely based
on the fact that I am giving this talk
but I count it a win right there.
So we're doing pretty well right there.
Secondly, I'll tell you this is a talk about a metaphor
and I'm always curious about how people come
to doing talks and what the point of it is and
I'll actually tell you this one.
I was going on a job interview and they said,
we want you to do a talk as part of the interview.
And I said, oh that's cool.
And I'm sitting around with my friends and I'm going,
what should I talk about and one friend says well
you should talk about work and tell them
about threat intelligence and whatever they want you to do.
And another friend of mine says you should do ramen.
You should make ramen and tell them about it.
And then my wife goes, but can you do both?
So here it goes.
First of all, what is ramen?
Has anybody had ramen?
Okay, for those of you that have your hands up,
no keep them up keep them up.
For those of you that have your hands up,
how many of you had only had the type
of ramen Kyle mentioned, the little like 16 cent, you know,
like comes in a brick.
Okay, how many people have had like good big ramen
that gets made, okay.
A little bit more people.
Funny story, the like in a brick ramen is not kind of
as cheap and terrible as we think it is.
It's actually a really interesting problem
that was being solved.
So post World War II, the Americans had showed up
in Japan and brought bread because it's what American's eat.
So we brought bread.
Turns out people in Japan didn't eat a lot of bread,
they eat noodles and in fact,
they would generally have a local place
they could go and get noodles.
But has anyone made noodles?
It's hard, it's a lot of work and it turns out
it was mostly a young man's kind of thing
to put in the effort to make noodles.
Well, you're just post a huge war so turns out
you don't have a lot of working young men around.
So a guy by the name of Momofuku Ando came up
with this idea of making these noodles and
then frying them and what the frying did was took all
the moisture out and that actually made them
so they could just send them to people,
they were shelf stable, which anyone will tell you
fresh noodles are not shelf stable.
Those little packs that we think of them as just cheap stuff
you eat when you're in college, literally fed Japan
for like 10 years.
It's actually a really cool thing.
Um, but that's ramen.
It's a Japanese soup based on a Chinese noodle.
There's a lot of varieties.
We can talk about that, I'm happy to nerd out on it.
So that's kind of a hard question.
I think that's a harder question to answer in some cases
but I love being here and seeing people answer it.
To me, it's about a process that by which we try
to understand our adversary and
then tailor our defense to it.
Those two things don't seem to have a lot in common
but I think there's some things that we can put together.
Ultimately in this case, I'm gonna teach you about
ramen and threat intel with the idea of understanding
the combination of tools, people, process, inputs
and I know I moved those around but it's in my head,
that makes a threat intelligence capability and
also that makes a delicious soup.
So it's a good thing I'm the last talk of the day.
I think Jennifer did that on purpose because
I'm hoping you'll be hungry by the end.
So first, let's talk about tools.
I added a lot of definitions to this.
Coming up with a definition for the word tools,
like it's such a fundamental thing.
What's a tool?
Well, if you ask Marriam-Webster it's
That's like the most abstract thing ever.
It's essentially saying it's a thing you use to do a thing.
Which is accurate and I couldn't come up
with a better definition but it's pretty abstract
and a lot of what we're gonna talk about is those types
of very abstract concepts but think about your tools.
So what about for making ramen?
What are the tools you need?
And I'm gonna do kind of this back and forth thing here.
So for the ramen recipe that I'm gonna share with you,
we have a couple different tools that we need.
Tongs are pretty necessary because it's boiling hot liquid,
you don't really want to reach in there.
Uh, ladle, spider, knives but then
there's even some basic infrastructure.
You have the ability to heat water, things like that.
But what about your tools for cyber threat intelligence?
What are you using?
Have you thought about how those fit into
what your needs are and what the actions you're taking are?
By the way, one extra little kitchen tool that's great,
the infrared thermometer.
If someone would have told me, I have a laser gun
in the kitchen, I would have never believed it but
that's exactly what this is.
I really should have brought it because
it would have made a nice, I guess I can use this but
I could have brought that instead.
Anyway, totally recommend it.
Tools for CTI, what do we got?
First of all, I think when you talk about
when we thick about cyber threat intelligence tools
what a lot of us think at first is a threat intel platform.
Well all it is, is a database.
And that's simple based on the idea that in a lot of cases,
in my perspective, what we call cyber threat intelligence
is literally just incident response
where we wrote stuff down and referenced over it again.
The number of cases where I look at an incident take place
and someone goes, yeah I think we might know something
about that.
Having records and knowing what you know about that,
a previous incident is incredibly important.
So for that, we have something like a tip.
I just put up some examples of ones that I've used
that are kind of quick to get going.
If you have something that fits this bill
use that, that's great.
If you don't, I'd consider something like yeti.
A workbench, something that let's you manipulate
the intelligence you do have available.
Something that lets you pull in information from lots
of different places, use it to build conclusions.
Another kind of cool workbench tool, if you haven't used it,
is timesketch for understanding temperol
as opposed to graph based.
But are you thinking about what tools you have available
to help you understand the intelligence you're pulling in
from all your resources to come to conclusions?
Do you know what tools you're using for detection?
Two of my favorites are YARA and SNORT.
YARA for doing file based things.
SNORT for doing network based things.
Understanding how those fit in with what you can deploy
inside your environment.
Lastly, places you can pull 3rd party information from.
I'm a big fan of Passive Total and Shodan.
But the key to this is not any of the individual tools,
it's the understanding of how they work together
and how I can use them to answer questions that I have
on a routine basis.
If someone comes to me and says, hey here's this IP address
what do you know about it.
I know how I can use these tools to fit together
to gather that information and put it into the right place.
We'll talk about that process in just a second.
The ultimate key to tools is fitting into your environment.
To go back to the ramen analogy,
I can have the best chef's knife ever
and I can buy three of the best chef's knives ever.
Does that help me if I need to reach
into a boiling hot pot of water?
It's about how those tools fit together.
It's about being able to use them to accomplish a goal
and understanding what that goal is.
I like quotes.
I like quotes from smart people and in this case,
I was able to find a bunch of quotes from chefs and
so Daniel Boulud, famous said,
I have been in too many environments
where people have blamed their tools
for not being able to accomplish their goal.
I have also been in environments
where someone with just a python prompt has been able
to do everything that all those tools
I just showed you could do.
You have the ability, it's all understanding
about how it fits in with your environment.
Also fun story about Daniel Boulud.
I was listening to him on a podcast and
he asked about his favorite like guilty pleasure food,
walking taco.
Really?
Come on walking taco for a three-Michelin-starred chef,
that's crazy.
Oh okay, fine.
I guess a big fan of the walking taco, alright.
Going along with this idea,
the ingredients that you're gonna use for your dish,
whether that's intel or ramen.
The definition of an ingredient,
again one of those weirdly abstract things
where we all kind of know what it is but
do you know how to describe it?
It's simply,
That's again one of those weirdly abstract ideas
that's just so kind of it's a thing that goes into a thing
and makes a new thing.
Okay, pretty simple.
For ramen, like my photography work back there,
we have a couple different things.
We have some apples, we have some garlic,
we have some diced ginger, a bunch of onion
because onion is delicious.
In this case, it is what is a vaguely shoyu style ramen,
which means it's soy sauce based,
so we've got a bunch of soy sauce.
I'm sorry for anyone who wanted to make this
and is a little bit on the vegetarian side
because it does involve a half rack of baby back ribs.
It's also ramen, so you're gonna need noodles.
I recommend you can just buy them online.
They're super great, easy to find, they keep forever.
Thank you Momofuku Ando.
Then there's a couple different extras
that I like putting in mine.
I like using kombu, which is a dried seaweed.
I like using dried shiitake mushrooms, sweet potato,
if you're a sweet potato fan, fantastic.
I also like using green onions for a lot for things
so just chuck the ends in there.
Turns out you're making a soup,
just throw everything in together.
It's great.
There's some extras that you can generally add
as you're putting your soup together at the end.
We'll talk about that process in a second.
I really like slow poached eggs.
It's like just kind of gooey and falls apart in the soup.
It's great.
Sriracha, more of that sweet potato.
I like the sweet potato so much, I put it on here twice.
Alright.
What about for threat intelligence?
Are you thinking, okay.
I know I'm stretching an analogy here.
But are you thinking about it a little bit?
Are you thinking about what you're ingredients are
for threat intelligence?
What are the things that you're putting together
to get to an end goal.
I'll tell you some of my favorites.
My own incidents.
I mentioned this a little bit with a tip but
the number of companies that seem unable to remember things
that happened to them six months ago is crazy to me.
If you're not starting your blacklist from IP addresses
from the last incident you dealt with,
you're hamstringing yourself.
So take your own incidents, enrich them, understand them
and use that as part of your own detection and use that
as part of your continued enrichment moving forward.
Your own teams.
I used to work at Symantec and I was part of what we called
global threat operations before there even was a CTI thing
and one of the very best sets of information I got
is twice a day, cause we were of a shift schedule
so once for each shift,
I'd go downstairs and talk to the analysts
who were the ones actually looking at individual attacks
as they were going on and saying, what's been interesting?
What's useful today?
What's surprised you?
And the number of times someone would say,
hey we saw this weird thing, I didn't have enough time
to look into it, that ended up leading
to something really useful was shocking to me.
So especially as a CTI analyst, take the time
to get to know the teams who are
in the thick of it, in the weeds, dealing with it day to day
and listen and follow up on the things
that they share with you.
(sighs) Vendor reports, I have love, hate relationship
but taking the time to at least exploit these,
understand what's there, save the information
is definitely a worth while process.
(sighs) I'm actually surprised, we haven't had
a whole lot of honeypot discussion this CTI Summit.
It was kind of the big thing for a little bit.
But honeypots are really interesting and
honeypots can provide a really high signal
that can go into your CTI program
provided you understand what those honeypots are sharing,
where the information they're giving you provides value.
Throwing a random server on the internet and
saying who tries to SSH us into this,
I don't see a whole lot of value with that.
Having an extra database running in my environment
that shouldn't have any connections to it
and monitoring if anybody tries to connect to it,
that's kind of useful.
Probably my single favorite thing though,
aside from my own incidents,
is peer and sharing communities.
One of the things I love about this event
and if you're not taking advantage of it, I urge you to
is finding people who have similar needs, similar problems,
similar companies, building relationships
and sharing information with them.
I get so much good intelligence
from people that I've gotten to know
through events like this that face similar problems
that I do.
The outside perspective, I was talking earlier with Rob Lee.
Hi Rob, give me a wave, there we go.
About the idea of building threat campaigns
based not on a single perspective but
based on multiple perspectives with partner organizations.
This is a must do and if you're sitting there going
I don't have a good group of people to reach out
to about incidences that I'm seeing,
start building those relationships today.
Turns out I think we're going to get beer after this
and that's probably a good place to start.
Um yeah,
That's also a thing.
I think I'm legally required to say that.
So okay, Jamie Oliver,
somebody who loves good fresh ingredients.
I could say the same thing to you about intelligence.
Good threat intelligence is only gonna be
as good as the ingredients you're able to put in.
So understanding where you'll pulling data from,
how much do you trust it, what can you use it
for is key to being successful and
building great threat intel products.
Also, just those dreamy eyes.
At some point, you have all this stuff
you've pulled together.
You've got tools to manipulate your ingredients,
you've got ingredients that are gonna be
part of the final dish.
How do you put it all together?
What's the process component looks like?
Again another one of those very abstract ideas.
I'm pretty sure all three of those definitions only had
like 10 words between them and
it was something in every one of them.
So for ramen, what's the recipe?
It's really simple.
This is a pretty straight forward ramen recipe actually.
Bring water to a simmer.
I like adding some dried mushrooms, a piece of kombu or nori
some dried seaweed, just gives it
a nice richness towards the end.
Add all the other ingredients, except the noodles
cause if you leave those in there for three hours,
they'll just kind of disintegrate.
Reduce from heat and simmer for about two and a half
to three hours.
Here's what I will tell you, the longer the better
cause it just keeps getting down
to this like concentrated broth, it's fantastic.
And then in the end, prepare the noodles and
serve with whatever extras are interesting to you.
Pretty straight forward.
I will say though, recipe for threat intelligence is
not usually quite as straight forward.
It turns out the tools are relatively simple.
The ingredients, we all kind of have
a similar group of ingredients.
The process is gonna be very, very different.
You've got to develop what works best for your organization,
what works best for your team and
that's gonna be a lot different if you've got 20 versus
you have two.
Whether you're dedicated to CTI or
whether it's just one of many, many thing you do.
I'm actually surprised, I think we've only seen the
intelligence cycle once today.
A good mindset to keep.
My preferred recipe though for my threat intelligence
is usually based on this model
The F3EAD model.
So over here, we have our incident response piece.
What are we gonna look for?
Once we've decided, how do we go look for it?
Then you respond to it,
whether that's removing the adversary from the environment,
what have you.
Then on the other side, we take all this information
that we learned during the incident response piece
and build our intel based on it.
So exploit is taking that final incident response report
and going, what pieces are useful
for my threat intelligence group?
Analyze is figuring out how that leads
to a better final product, whether it's a target package
about the adversary, whether it's new set indicators,
whether it's something you want to share with somebody else.
And then lastly is this disseminate piece and
that may be as simple as sending a report back to your
CND team, it might be working with industry partners
or those sharing groups I mentioned.
You've got to figure out how this works in your environment
but this provides a really useful and
interesting paradigm to work in.
Lastly from a process perspective,
I see so many teams who struggle because
they don't take the time to learn from their own activities,
to learn from their own actions.
I spend almost as much time during an incident writing
the things down that are going poorly because
I want to have those things for my next set of operations.
Whether that, hey this would have been a lot easier
if we would have had this particular type of log or
it was really hard because I didn't know
how to transfer information between me and John.
Having those lessons and
knowing how you can improve yourself moving forward
means you stop making the same mistakes multiple times.
Lidia Bastianich, this quote was amazing and
I like how it doesn't even mention cooking or
anything like that and I think it's incredibly important
for what we do.
I love the talk that Ryan and Dave gave,
taking the work that Mark Parsons had done and
expanding upon it and I think that speaks to this perfectly.
That it's becoming a thing
that we expect folks to be able to do.
Last piece for this is the cooks and again,
I'm stretching the analogy by the cooks I mean the people.
Who are your people who are doing these analyses
in your environment and I think
there's three really key things that you can look at
about great technicians whether they're cooks
or cyber threat analysts.
They consume.
If you watch the documentary "Jiro Dreams of Sushi"
he talks about how important it is
he takes all his cooks to really good meals.
You never think of this in most American restaurants.
No one's taking everybody at pizza hut
to a really good Italian pizza place
so they understand what better pizza's like
but at Jiro's they go to the other great sushi places
in Tokyo, they go eat good ramen.
He wants his cooks to understand
what great food tastes like,
what good technique looks like.
They grow by taking in what other people are doing.
We can do the same thing.
I don't work in ICS environments or banking environments
but I read reports on both of them.
Simply because I get to see what good reports look like,
I get to see what good analysis looks like,
I get to learn what works and what doesn't.
By the way, PDF's that are just images and
I can't copy and paste from it, that doesn't work, stop it.
(sighs)
The next piece though it great cooks cook, make things.
People ask me a lot, how do I get better at
cyber threat intelligence or malware analysis
or memory analysis?
Do it, built it.
You want to learn how to make a better threat intel product?
Build one and let someone you think knows
what good intel products looks like tear it apart.
It is an ego blasting thing but it will make you better.
We see this a lot again with the great cooks.
An important thing you'll see is a thing called a stage,
which is when an up and coming chef goes
and starts working in other people's kitchens and
sometimes they're paid like minimum wage but even still
most of the chef's that were on stages
will go to multi hundred dollar dinners
and it's not some kind of luxury to have a really nice meal
it's because going and eating the food somebody else
makes a huge difference.
The same thing with creating food.
And both of those feed the idea that great chefs
are always trying to learn.
It should be the same thing for us.
The second I hear anybody in CTI, incident response
any of these things tell me, I think I've got it.
I know you don't got it.
I know you don't know what's going on.
We are blessed and cursed with
an interesting set of problems
where there is an intelligent adversary on the other side
who is trying to be where we're not,
who is trying to do the thing we haven't thought of
and that means if we don't continue learning,
we can't keep getting better because I will tell you
the adversaries are learning and we teach them every time
we respond to them, we need to do the same thing.
There's a great Yiddish proverb,
listen to your enemies for God is speaking.
That means lot for us.
Gaggan Andna, Anand, I knew I was gonna trip over this
has a great quote about this.
That's another tough one for this and by the way
really ironic for the guy on stage to be saying
but be humble, keep working, be hungry.
So finally, those pieces all come together and
what do we get?
Well, that's my ramen, that's what I make.
Anybody hungry?
Yeah okay, thank you.
It's pretty good, it's really good.
What about for intelligence products though?
What is the output we can build look like?
Michael had a great talk earlier about RFIS
and about building requirements.
I think of these as kind of the amuse-bouche
of the intel world, a quick little
does this meet the need kind of thing,
a request for intelligence.
On the other side we have short form products,
things that get done in a particular case.
They tend to be a one or two page thing.
They're answering a specific problem
in a little bit of depth.
Generally speaking from my perspective, most intel teams
are gonna spend a lot of their time on these
and then finally we have the big products.
The stuff that takes a long time,
that you have to build a team to work on.
That takes effort and new collection requirements and
multiple processes.
That reminds me a lot of a thanksgiving dinner.
Where you're taking the time to bring a lot of ingredients,
a lot of tools with a big ultimate goal.
So in the end, think about your tools.
Understand your ingredients and know what they mean
and how you can use them most effectively.
Much like cooking, confusing inputs
can make a huge difference.
Has anyone ever used mints when they meant to use basil?
Okay.
Your spaghetti sauce is not great after that,
I'm just saying.
(laughs)
Knowing your inputs is important.
Keep building and growing your processes.
Get better at the ones you have and
once you're good at the processes,
try to improve the processes themselves.
And then finally and I think most importantly
spend the time, grow your people, grow yourself,
get better at this thing.
Again, the second we start thinking we've got it,
we have a handle on it, we're falling behind.
So with that, here is my recipe.
I'm gonna put this up here for about 10 seconds
in case you want to take a picture.
It's delicious.
This is actually based the ramen recipe
from a D.C. chef, Erik Bruner Yang.
He opened a restaurant called Toki Underground.
It is his one pot ramen.
Okay, thank you very much.
(audience applause)
(upbeat music)
-------------------------------------------
Pig English Episodes - Learn Colors with Xylophone & Finger Family Song | Cartoons for Children #30 - Duration: 10:00.
Join us and watch New Pig English Episodes to Learn Colors with Xylophone
and sing Finger Family Kids Song. ENJOY! =) ❤️🎁🐷
-------------------------------------------
Peugeot 308 1.6 BlueHDi 120pk NAVIGATIE CLIMA CRUISE SENSOREN VOOR/ACHTER - Duration: 1:10.
For more infomation >> Peugeot 308 1.6 BlueHDi 120pk NAVIGATIE CLIMA CRUISE SENSOREN VOOR/ACHTER - Duration: 1:10. -------------------------------------------
Kendji Girac : il a ressuscité sur les réseaux sociaux ! - Duration: 2:21.
For more infomation >> Kendji Girac : il a ressuscité sur les réseaux sociaux ! - Duration: 2:21. -------------------------------------------
Les Anges 10: Sarah confie, « j'ai envoyé un message à Shanna pour qu'on s'explique, ... » ! - Duration: 3:43.
For more infomation >> Les Anges 10: Sarah confie, « j'ai envoyé un message à Shanna pour qu'on s'explique, ... » ! - Duration: 3:43. -------------------------------------------
La Minute du Coach: Des objectifs très intelligents - Duration: 3:46.
For more infomation >> La Minute du Coach: Des objectifs très intelligents - Duration: 3:46. -------------------------------------------
Mort de Sophie Lionnet : un des accusés raconte ce qui s'est passé la nuit du meurtre - Duration: 5:41.
For more infomation >> Mort de Sophie Lionnet : un des accusés raconte ce qui s'est passé la nuit du meurtre - Duration: 5:41. -------------------------------------------
lays dead and rots - Duration: 2:11.
"mother's little boy" by fernando pessoa
in the abandoned field,
warmed by the breeze,
wounded by gunshots,
from side to side,
lays dead
and freezes.
blood spreading,
his arms spread open,
white as snow,
blonde,
and bleeding out,
with an empty
and blind look
stares at the forsaken skies.
how young,
how young he was.
now,
how old is he?
an only child,
hence the name his mother gave him
and he kept:
"mother's little boy"
fallen from his pouch,
his cigarette case.
it was given to him by his mother;
it's still in one piece,
and what a good cigarette case it is
yet he's the one who's got no use.
from his other pouch,
the one on the other side,
touching the ground lightly,
the pure white
of an handkerchief.
it was given to him by an old maid,
that cradled him.
far away at home,
there's a prayer
hoping he'll come home soon and well
(tales told by the empire)
lays dead and rots,
mother's little boy.
(check description for credits)
a video by beatriz pires
-------------------------------------------
O'Neill Cylinders - Duration: 34:52.
As children, we had fun playing on a merry-go-round but one day, as adults, we will live in one.
So today's topic is the O'Neill Cylinder, a giant rotating space habitat that's more
akin to a small nation than a space station.
For many of our regular viewers this is a familiar concept, though we'll be exploring
it in a lot more detail today, but first let's start by repeating the basics of what one
is and why they are an attractive option for the future homes of humanity.
At a fundamental level you can terraform almost any barren rock in space to be decently livable,
but it requires vastly more effort than we tend to portray in science fiction and the
odds of finding a planet regular humans and Earth-based life could just as comfortably
live on without some form of terraforming are virtually nil.
Indeed entirely nil, as those conditions would likely only exist if something already lived
there and as we've discussed before, trying to colonize a planet that already has an ecosystem
on it much beyond basic bacteria is not really a practical option even if you ignore some
of the big ethical issues.
We don't have any place in this solar system even vaguely meeting Earth-like criteria,
and while some planet with a 23 hour day and 102% of Earth's gravity and just 10% higher
pressure might sound ideal, I'm writing this on the Sunday after daylight savings
happened and that missing hour is definitely irritating, so I'm not sure even a 23 hour
day would be very desirable, especially on a daily basis.
Of course the only planet even close to Earth's day length is Mars, where the day is half
an hour longer, and I wouldn't mind an extra half hour of sleep a day but not at the expense
of trillions of man hours of time into giving the place an atmosphere to breathe or putting
up with gravity 38% that of Earth's 1G.
To add to that, the Universe is not exactly swimming in rocky material, and while your
house probably doesn't weigh too much more than a loaded cargo truck, it's sitting
on millions of tons of rock directly below you, while even a very avid gardener really
only uses maybe the first meter of dirt below them.
All that rock is really doing is providing gravity, and we have a cheat for that, we
can spin things around and fake it for all practical purposes.
This is the basic notion of a rotating habitat and we did an episode on those way back in
the first year of the channel and have talked about them many times since.
The basic idea is easy, you build a big ring or cylinder and dump some dirt, water, and
air inside, provide light and grow plants and build houses inside.
It spins around and people are held in place by centrifugal force.
Technically a fictitious or pseudo-force, but then so is gravity under general relativity
anyway, and fictitious or not, it will hold your feet to the ground just fine.
If you spun the ISS around the astronauts would be pinned to the sides by that same
centrifugal force and you could spin it faster or slower to provide more force.
That would be very nauseating though, from the rate of spin required to provide gravity
with its small diameter, but if you continue to build bigger, that rate of spin begins
to decrease and eventually it rotates so slowly, nobody would be able to tell that the gravity
was artificial.
The problem is that the bigger you make one, the stronger it needs to be to simulate a
given amount of gravity, and the strength of the hull is identical to that of a suspension
bridge under the same gravity with a length equal to the circumference of that hull.
This led to the inevitable question of how big you could build one from modern materials
with enough safety leeway for a decent amount of mass inside and for some damage to be possible
without ripping the place apart.
And in 1976, in the peak of post-Apollo enthusiasm, we got the answer from physicist Gerard K.
O'Neill in his book "The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space", in which he proposed
various cylindrical space habitats including one 5 miles in diameter and 20 miles long,
8 kilometers by 32 kilometers for metric, at the effective safe limit for steel.
You can actually push that out a good deal further even with steel and do decently better
with aluminum or titanium, and much better with substances like Kevlar or Zylon, let
alone Graphene, but such a structure is well inside our production capability, ignoring
its sheer hugeness, and became the standard for discussing large cylindrical space habitats
and got named the O'Neill Cylinder.
The specific maximum dimensions of such structure based on its material isn't really the critical
part, but the default large O'Neill cylinder has 314 square miles or 804 square kilometers
of internal area, which isn't huge compared to most countries but is on a size with a
lot of smaller territories or subdivisions like a County.
My own home county of Ashtabula, here in Ohio, is the largest in the state and only about
twice that area and supports one hundred thousand people at a density of 56 per square kilometer,
about double or triple the density we tend to think of for pre-industrial civilizations,
my county is considered quite rural, amusingly bordering the smallest county in our state
which packs in two and half times as many people, and in spite of mostly being forested
is still a net exporter of food so it's quite self-sufficient.
And indeed, there are an awful lot of historical kingdoms and city-states that were no bigger.
Moreover, O'Neill's design calls for two of these to be coupled together with some
additional facilities attached or nearby, and there's nothing limiting you to adding
more to a connected grouping you could walk or maybe float between.
This is the key aspect, because you can certainly build them larger or smaller, but that size
is big enough you are no longer picturing a space station that serves as a junction
port for people and goods moving around but an actual civilization that doesn't need
to import or export a lot, proportionally.
At some point someone ran the numbers on mass and came in at around 4-6000 megatons for
the model 4 version, and if we assumed that was mostly dirt, steel, and water, that means
that the number of cylinders with mass equal to our own planet would total over one quadrillion,
or over a million billion, each having an internal area equal to bit over a millionth
of Earth's.
So if someone made a planet's mass worth of those you would have a couple billion planets'
worth of living space.
This happens to be about identical to the amount of sunlight the Sun cranks out relative
to what hits Earth, a couple billion times more, and another notion that was gaining
popularity at the same time was the Kardashev Scale and the Dyson Sphere or Swarm.
So if you found an Earth mass planet you could terraform it and now have a whole extra planet
to live on, or your could turn it all into O'Neill Cylinders in a swarm around a star
and have a billion extra planets' worth of living area.
And unlike terraforming a planet, which does require about as much work per bit of new
living area as just building it from scratch, when you're done you have a structure with
identical conditions to that of Earth, since you can dial it's gravity up to whatever
you want, and light the thing on whatever schedule or temperature you want.
You don't have to mimic Earth's conditions, but you have that option.
Again for channel regulars, this is kind of old-hat but for those who aren't it's
a big reason why I spend so much time mentioning rotating habitats like the O'Neill Cylinders
and Dyson Swarms, big clouds of these things around a star.
These are even more attractive to us on this channel as we tend to assume some technologies
being developed that make them even better.
For instance, the classic O'Neill Cylinder calls for either windows in the sides to let
sunlight in or an elaborate mirror system to bounce it in, we tend to assume we'll
eventually master fusion and just internally power and light it, that's not necessary
but would certainly be handy.
You can do the same with a big grid of solar panels outside and some LED lights inside,
but those weren't very good options in O'Neill's day, again the book is from 1976 and he died
of Leukemia in 1992, before we had relatively cheap and efficient solar panels and LED lighting,
indeed the latter were still pretty impractical and uneconomic even a decade ago whereas now
fluorescents and incandescents are mostly being retired in favor of LED lighting which
is pretty much better in every regard.
We've also seen aerogel become more viable for mass production, an ultra-light but sturdy
substance that helps a lot for making your interiors of such habitats a little less 2D.
The normal way to add depth to a rotating habitat is to pimple and dimple the shell
so you don't need as much dirt inside, a hill is just a big pimple of steel with a
thin layer of soil over the top and a deep lake a dimple down off the hull.
This is not really ideal from an engineering perspective, or for reconfiguring your landscape,
so being able to make a mound of aerogel covered with dirt is preferable.
We've also created stronger materials, and odds are that graphene, which is simply carbon
and very abundant in the Universe, could be mass manufactured inside a decade or two.
This allows much bigger habitats, but more importantly perhaps, allows much thinner hulls
on them that are also much stronger than a steel one.
Lastly, we've come a long way with automation since O'Neill's day, so the notion of
building one of these things seems less daunting.
Robots able to mine and refine the raw materials from the Moon or some asteroid, and do all
the assembly and welding don't seem like wild science fiction anymore, even if we're
not quite there yet, and as we saw earlier this spring in our spaceports episode, featuring
the Gateway Foundation's huge spaceport, that basic assembly technology now exists,
even if the spaceport we saw there, while dwarfing the International Space Station,
would fit inside an O'Neill Cylinder like a bike wheel inside your garage.
All of these concepts make the O'Neill Cylinder and its various cousins much more attractive
and plausible as a pathway to space colonization for humanity.
You don't colonize other planets, you build them, tailored in size and environment to
what you want or need, and discussing a future from that perspective rather than terraforming
planets has been a big focus of this channel since its inception.
So that covers all the basic review of concept, but folks will tend to ask what life inside
one of these things is actually like.
What's the weather like?
What's the sky like?
The landscape?
What happens if it gets struck by some meteorite or weapon?
Would you realistically ever even build one and when and where would we do our first ones?
We'll answer that last first, and generally the place proposed for building the first
one is at the L5 point of the Earth Moon system.
Indeed the L5 Society was founded in 1975 based largely around O'Neill's idea even
though the book that popularized it wasn't out for another year.
Its founder, Keith Henson, happens to be a personal hero and inspiration of mine along
with O'Neill and I got to talk to Keith several times this last year along with getting
introduced to a lot of the folks from L5's successor organization, the National Space
Society, and obviously that was a great pleasure and honor to get to correspond with those
folks and pick their brains.
The reason for the name is that in any two body system you get 5 Lagrange Points, a place
of modestly stable and stationary orbits that don't seem to move relative to the two bodies
in question.
For instance the L4 and L5 spots for the Earth and Moon are out at the same distance from
the Earth the Moon is, and remain 60 degrees ahead or behind of the Moon on its orbit.
Indeed they each form an equilateral triangle with the Earth and Moon and are very good
places to set up ports to send material out deeper into space or receive incoming ships
and they need virtually no station-keeping fuel, which is otherwise a pretty hefty requirement
for any satellite or space station and more so for something as gigantic as a space habitat.
You can put one lower and closer to Earth or the Moon, but only even if you've got
a means for station-keeping and again that's no problem in a fusion economy but requires
a lot more relative effort without that, so L4 and L5 tend to be considered the ideal
first places.
L1, L2, and L3 are still better than other spots but less stable than L4 and L5, and
the two are identical in their advantages, to the best of my knowledge so I'm not sure
why it was L5 over L4, maybe they flipped a coin or liked 5 better.
There really isn't a specific size to these cylinders.
O'Neill gave four example sizes with rounded numbers and the biggest, type 4, is the one
that usually gets mentioned.
I generally use it for any cylinder or cylinder pair many kilometers in size but smaller than
the giant Graphene versions.
These giants are the Bishop Ring and McKendree Cylinder, which I usually just call Continent
Class habitats to save time and since O'Neill's three reference designs are Islands 1, 2,
and 3, and the Graphene versions are too big to classify as an island unless maybe you're
referring to Greenland.
We see them in fiction a lot, though not so much in film or TV.
If you're familiar with the Gundam Franchise, an O'Neill Cylinder is pretty much the first
thing we see on screen in the original animation and it's beautifully done.
The eponymous space station from Babylon 5 is an O'Neill Cylinder, a spaceship version
of one appears in Arthur C. Clarke's classic novel Rendezvous with Rama, and the Citadel
from the Mass Effect Franchise is basically one too.
Okay, so why would you ever build one?
That's tricky for the same reason lots of space concepts seem always delayed and ten
or twenty years off, there's a bit of Catch-22 with space that a lot of the cool things you
can do up there require the other stuff be built first, but this one is big enough I'll
just flat out say, you don't build stuff like this, especially the full blown multi-kilometer
kind, until space flight is cheap enough that most people can afford a ticket.
If you're living in a space habitat, you're living on alien soil because we wouldn't
mine the materials for these from Earth.
You wouldn't create one of these until you've got some serious infrastructure in space and
automation good enough that it doesn't take a lot of human oversight to scoop up some
iron or aluminum from the moon, refine and process it into structural bits, and weld
it into place.
The switch over to when they become a place many people live, or even most of them, would
then just occur organically at whatever point building an acre of O'Neill Cylinder is
about the same price as buying one down on Earth.
If Earth ends up going the Ecumenopolis or Matrioshka Shell World path we've discussed
before, that could easily result in land prices down on Earth running what they do in major
metropolises and folks wanting to live in one of these O'Neill Cylinders so they could
have some cheap land.
Needless to say for the near future building one of these things would be much more expensive
per square meter than even buying land in downtown New York City or Tokyo, but that
would drop a lot as you not only get cheaper spaceflight but off-Earth sources of material.
That would impact the four basic interior densities we'd tend to see though.
The cheapest path is the densest path, where it's basically a city with some gardens
and parks and likely many layers, either in the building or the actual cylinder itself.
So long as you are wide enough that each layer is only a little higher or lower relative
to the diameter of the station you won't have much change in apparent gravity between
levels.
Lighting those levels only becomes an issue if you need to get rid of heat, and you can
have a ton of radiating fins poking out of one, though by preference these should be
off the non-spinning axis, not sticking off the sides where they are under immense stress.
Solar panels, incidentally, make handy radiators since they already have a large surface area
relative to their mass.
A couple of notes on building these.
First, especially early on, you are going to be placing them where you want people and
away from Earth, that's likely to be in asteroids with emphasis on in an asteroid,
not on an asteroid or next to one.
Excavating an asteroid is very easy - they have virtually no gravity, so you just dig
a hole a little bigger than the cylinder habitat, line it with something, and stick the cylinder
in there to spin around.
You don't have to excavate all the way in, either, you can just land in a crater and
excavate a little, and dump the unused stuff around you as a protective shell, a blister
sticking out from the asteroid rather than a crater, and that would probably be a common
approach, essentially expanding the asteroid as you hollowed it out.
Incidentally this is why we often see these things in pairs, it's much easier to give
such habitats their spin, and maintain it, if you have something to push against, so
a twin rotating in the opposite direction or a big asteroid with thousands of times
the net mass is ideal.
You can link more cylinders together over time as you hollow an asteroid out for its
raw materials and eventually even just construct a big spherical shell around the whole lot
of them with a thin layer of rock on it.
Actually, there's another reason we go with a pair of these and that is because of something
called precession, which you would have encountered if you've ever looked at a spinning gyroscope.
The gyroscope doesn't stay exactly still and instead traces out a circle, which is
caused by the torque of the spin on it.
Now, in space, that precession movement is made worse and the entire habitat can quite
suddenly flip over.
Besides being extremely unpleasant, everything inside would be exposed to large forces that
could rip the cylinder apart as everything changes direction.
Fortunately, with two such habitats joined together spinning in opposite directions,
that torque and the resulting precession are largely eliminated.
If we stick the habitat into that asteroid, you are effectively providing it with a very
capable shield from radiation, micrometeors and weaponry.
For this reason you'd not expect to ever see a naked O'Neill Cylinder actually spinning
in space as you approached it, though we always show them that way.
It's just easier to build one with a big shell around it that is heavier and a storage
facility for things you need but don't need gravity, and that superstructure would either
not spin or do so in the opposite direction and slower.
That spoils the visual effect though, so again we don't show them that way much.
Nor probably with hundreds if not thousands of smaller ancillary facilities connected
to that superstructure or hidden within it, some possibly with partial or full rotational
gravity themselves.
So we know what the outside looks like, but what about the inside?
Classic image is a big flat cylinder with the horizon rising but I suspect this is false
too.
That's not an ideal look, seeing a reverse horizon or your neighbor's yard hanging
overhead, so I suspect they'd go a lot more 3D, lots of hills and valleys to disrupt that
rising horizon along with the sun not rising or setting with it.
So while the easiest landscape to do would be a flat one, I expect you'd see a lot
more up and down, more Scottish Highlands than Kansas plains with lots of hills or trees
to break up the horizon.
Of course that depends on density, you could populate one of these as heavily as a metropolitan
area, with many millions of folks and agriculture being done hydroponically in lower levels
or attached smaller and cheaper stations nearby, or you could go suburban or rural or even
near deserted.
We've talked about using these as wildlife reserves because they are closed environments
but big enough to support a mostly self-sufficient ecosystem, certainly on any short timelines
and you can make them bigger or artificially introduce genetic diversity when it is needed,
but short of very large creatures or apex predators, one is big enough for most species
to exist without genetic bottlenecking.
The big issue causing these to be different from Earth is the sky.
Not the sun itself, whatever you use for that, be it a big mirror or lightbulb, makes no
difference, people don't look at the Sun and that's why folks are often a little
surprised at its actual appearance when they see photos of it dimmed down.
It's just a big whitish-gold blob and that's very easy to fake nowadays with LED lighting
or mirrors.
However unless you want a perpetually cloudy day you need to take some special efforts
if you want the classic blue sky or starry night.
Those don't have to be terribly extreme or high tech, even just a big thin blue cylinder
higher up that had some light on it at night arranged to mimic our own constellations would
do the trick and you just keep your ceiling decently higher than birds fly.
You can also play with the atmosphere content to absorb green light or your sunlight to
have more blue and less green, or tweak it for reds in the evenings, but that's the
one area where you can't quite perfectly mimic Earth with a little artificial effort.
Now nobody wants perpetual clouds but we do want some and folks ask what the weather is
like on these, and that's very hard to generalize because it depends a lot on the size of a
station.
One of the big factors in our own weather is the spin of the Earth and the Coriolis
Effect produced by that, and rotating habitats have that too and would have Inertial Circles
in the air and water like Earth does.
Very generally the bigger they are, the closer they will tend to match Earth.
You definitely get weather, wind, rain, and waves on these but it will be different in
patterns than on Earth.
For instance in smaller ones there's very little change in pressure with altitude, you're
essentially a pressurized can rather than a place where a lot of air sits on more air
being squeezed denser by it, so cloud effects are going to be different there, as the sky
only goes so high and the closer you get to the middle, the lower the gravity is.
It's actually hard to predict much on this because someone always notices another little
detail that would be different.
I remember a discussion of it on the channel's Reddit group last year where someone pointed
out that a raindrop starting near the axis up high initially falls much slower than close
to the ground; gravity is lower while air drag remains about the same as near the ground.
Unlike on a planet, the atmosphere, doesn't thin out as much in the volume of an O'Neill
Cylinder, though it does in the really big versions like a Banks Orbital or Ringworld,
where more of your surface air pressure is a result of the atmosphere above you.
In many versions you could also get a sideways-looking vortex of clouds as stuff loops around that
central, low gravity axis, and one can imagine birds adapting to learn to fly in low or no
gravity at the higher altitudes.
I wouldn't be surprised if a lot of places opted to hang fake clouds spinning at the
same rotational rate as the station and stuck lower-gravity environments up there or skipped
the cloud look for flying islands or cities and you might get some very interesting three
dimensional ecologies that way.
Again, you can make these very like Earth but you don't have to, and since the sky
is the hard part to mimic Earth with, I'd tend to expect that to be the one folks most
casually take artistic license with.
I'd be remiss if I didn't point out that these need not be cylinders either.
You could cap the ends with cones or curves instead of a flat plate as a sort of fake
mountain range with lower gravity, which is appealing as a place to visit if you want
to climb mountains or go hang gliding through ravines with less risk and exertion.
You can, of course, do a simple sphere, but then you have no gravity at the poles and
the highest gravity at the equator.
You'd also have issues with water collecting down, basically forming a big equatorial ocean
band with desert or tundra up nearer the poles and nothing at all right on the poles with
no gravity to stay down.
That's okay if you are using those as your space port though.
Many geometries are possible but the cylinder is the most obvious and pragmatic one.
You generally want them longer than they are wide too, so it's worth noting that you
can treat them like rods and connect them to each other at the ends in a big wireframe
to add more space without needing additional structural strength and in doing so create
some truly enormous regions of living area.
There's no real limitation on length, just width, and I often picture folks making these
as big connected wireframe globes, possibly with concentric layers, out of some original
small asteroid that's being eaten up to build a big exterior fake globe full of these
and immersed inside a bigger reservoir of gas, be it fusion fuel or even air you could
fly around in without gravity.
Friction isn't an issue as again you'd usually sheath such a cylinder with a second
non-spinning protective layer and just have a vacuum between those two layers.
There are tons of possibilities and we've discussed many of them in other episodes,
but this is the basic O'Neill Cylinder, arguably the first space-based megastructure
you would build and the one I tend to think a few hundred years from now are where most
humans will live.
They don't take much mass, so you can build trillions of them in a solar system.
They are actually mobile, unlike a planet, so you can move one if you need to dodge an
asteroid or leave an area that's become unfriendly or unwelcoming.
They also have next to no real gravity, so getting materials into and out of them is
really easy because there is no gravity well to contend with.
They're also about the minimum size for a respectable sovereign entity.
I'd imagine most would be the equivalent of maybe a county or a state inside a larger
nation, but they are big enough to administrate themselves and have all the specialists they
need and a population large enough that you can move around inside one if you don't
like your old neighborhood and encounter people you've never met, but also small enough
for a genuine feeling of intimate community and for most business and civic roles to be
filled with some variety.
Depending on scale and density, you'd expect populations anywhere from 10 thousand to 10
million and again are easily directly linked together to allow groups of them to form integral
wholes.
One downside is they're not really ideal spaceships because they are fairly massive
and not really designed with acceleration in mind, though they can be designed to be
better at that, it's just hard to reconfigure one to that setup if you didn't start that
way.
Using one as the core of an interstellar space ark is a fairly common notion, we see it in
Clarke's Rendezvous with Rama and in the Expanse with the spaceship Nauvoo.
Or the Marigold Fields design from artist Rapid Thrash.
But it's the difference between an airplane and a mobile home, our O'Neill Cylinder
needs a bit of time to get going but can move itself to a new spot and indeed if it's
fusion powered, a whole new solar system.
That's one reason I stress them as big enough for a complete functioning civilization because
while I'd imagine you'd see a lot of them formed up in alliance of thousands or millions
of them as a single nation, if the population doesn't like things, they can just move,
and it's the sort of structure that you pretty much can only blow up, not conquer,
because invading a can like that is a basically a deathtrap.
Not that they're fragile, as I mentioned in interplanetary warfare they can be armored
up quite nicely and wrapped in point defense systems and a whole cloud of smaller facilities
doing manufacturing or agriculture and defense, and be just as sturdy as any planet at least
as far as the folks living on it are concerned.
Remember on a planet you've got thousands of kilometers of protective rock but it's
all underneath you, only the atmosphere protects you from orbital bombardment.
In a rotating habitat all the rocks and metal are between you and any hostile invader.
Such being the case I tend to think they'd serve as the sort of bottom rung of any nation-states
we see in space because they don't really need anybody else.
They'll doubtless be vulnerable to economic sanctions and blockades of trade, physical
or digital, but that's about the limits of your diplomatic options short of 'kill
everyone' so it's entirely a guess but I suspect most would be pretty touchy about
maintaining most of their local authority and not centralizing it much, more of a city
state or feudal setup than what we tend to see in nations after the industrial revolution
got fully into swing.
We could go the other way entirely, of course.
But there would still be a lot of trade; Interplanetary Trade, as we discussed in that episode, is
quite problematic for anything but data, but these aren't interplanetary, they are smaller
and way more numerous.
That means you're a lot closer to your neighbors and you also have no gravity well to fight,
indeed you could often make the trip to your nearest neighbor by just going out to the
outer hull in a spacesuit and timing your release, then drift off at 200 meters per
second for the next station that might be a thousand kilometers away, but you'd cover
that in 5000 seconds, or an hour and half.
Fire a few puffs of gas to correct your course and grab onto the side spinning at the same
speed you were and climb on in.
I could easily imagine that being a common sport.
Even where the stations aren't physically connected by a pressurized connection or long
tether, you could build a spaceship able to reach that distance in your garage with some
sheet metal, some fire extinguishers, and a blowtorch.
Even more than moving around an asteroid belt, spaceships inside a system with lots of O'Neill
Cylinders hardly require crack teams of engineers and precise manufacturing.
So between the relatively small population and the relatively small distances, I would
expect a lot of specialized manufacturing and trade, and for that same reason I would
not expect to see these places opting for isolationism or total sovereignty much either,
but probably be more like an alliance of city states or islands in an archipelago.
You can probably see by now why I tend to always mention these things as ubiquitous
in the future, they are a very attractive option if your civilization has decided to
stay mostly human rather than pursuing various bioforming or cybernetic techniques or has
gone transhuman or for a digital existence.
And of course assuming they've got the resources and automation to make these places cheap
enough that regular folks can afford to buy a home on one.
We'll be exploring more about the consequences and challenges facing post-scarcity civilizations
more this spring, and we'll see that there actually are a lot of those even if as a whole
life is much better than now, much as life is much better now than a couple centuries
ago but not without its challenges, some the same as our ancestors faced and many unique
to us.
Now we were talking about the weather on these earlier and I mentioned how minor changes
to size, rotation rate, or geometry could seriously alter the dynamics of weather patterns
in one.
If you're curious to know more about how that functions, I'd recommend Brilliant's course
"Out In Nature", which will walk you through everything from seasonal impacts to the Coriolis
Effect.
One of the things I like about Brilliant is that they've got a core set of 8 principles
for learning that match up very well with my own philosophy on the matter and three
of those are that it has to be exciting and cultivate curiosity and questions, but another
is that it has to be active.
This channel definitely goes for the long and in-depth side of the spectrum as science
videos go but even if the episode were ten times as long it can't replace that hands
on aspect of taking examples and actually working them out yourself that's necessary
for true understanding and mastery of these concepts.
So if you'd like improve your understanding of math and science, and help support the
channel while you're at it, go to brilliant.org/IsaacArthur and sign up for free.
And also, the first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium
subscription.
Next week we will return to the Fermi Paradox to discuss Alien Beacons, and ask just how
far away you can say hello to civilizations if you want to, as well as what other reasons
you might have to build such an enormous transmitter.
The week after that we'll take a look at the kind of civilizations that can afford
to make things like giant beacons or telescopes as we start an expanded series on Post-Scarcity
Civilizations.
And the week after that, we'll be exploring how far away you can see, with a look at megatelescopes,
and just how big you can make a telescope..
For alerts when those and other episodes come out, make sure to subscribe to the channel,
and if you enjoyed this episode, hit the like button and share it with others.
Until next time, thanks for watching, and have a great week!
-------------------------------------------
shab-e-barat ka wazifa in urdu | shab e barat ki fazilat in urdu |Kamran sultan - Duration: 2:20.
For more infomation >> shab-e-barat ka wazifa in urdu | shab e barat ki fazilat in urdu |Kamran sultan - Duration: 2:20. -------------------------------------------
Elevate, Engage & Inspire: 2018 SOCSD School Maker Faire - Duration: 3:57.
(music)
We are here at the fifth annual South Orangetown School District Maker Faire
and we have over 400 students registered, with over 113 specific projects.
Our project a robot.
We control it by moving the screen around.
I thought it would be cool to make my own music.
This is my first Maker Faire and the first year for the robotics team, as well.
And it's cool being able to see all the students and their projects come together in one space,
to be able to present that.
Over time, the event has really evolved and, what was 100 kids that were showing projects
that were made in our classrooms, has transformed into 400 kids that are making projects at
home, showing things that they've made here in school, and they're also showing off projects
that they've made through community groups.
This is a homemade popsicle stick loom.
I actually had my own idea to do it.
It engages kids in what they're learning on a much higher level than what we can do on
a day-to-day basis in a classroom setting.
They're able to integrate things from different subject areas and come into a project that they've chosen.
Our project is about hydrogen.
In about a minute or two, this should start bubbling a lot and then hydrogen bubbles will
come out of here and we can light them.
We designed a modern classroom, or what we think a modern classroom should look like,
and we put it into CoSpaces, which is a VR software.
This is magnetic slime and we made it just making normal slime and we added magnetic fibers
and kind of experimented.
I wanted to make a chair because I got into DDP. And I got really excited about it.
I like doing hands-on projects, it's a fun experience.
Having all these people helping you and having a positive environment -- it's very nice.
Our project is a poster board about neurofibromatosis, describing what the disease is and the technologies that
scientists have been developing that can be used to treat it on a genetic level.
I wanted to see what it felt like to build a car.
It was hard to make and it had tiny challenges that made it really fun.
So we're seeing not only children produce things, but children working with their families
and working with one another. And the opportunity for our big kids to show the little kids
what's coming up next in the system.
So it's really putting all those things, like critical and creative thinking, together in
one really awesome event.
We have so many kids who have these passions and talents and things they're learning
at school that they want to take to the next level, and this is an authentic audience.
I'm interested in architecture and civil engineering.
I think this is an amazing program for kids because they get to see the large scope.
You can start in kindergarten, first grade, and then see what the high school kids are doing.
Maker Faire is important for our K through 2 students because it gives them an opportunity
to share their creativity with peers and parents and community members.
And our students were so excited to come out and show their projects tonight.
I've created a model of the solar system.
And what it does is it shows you all the planets and where they're located in the solar system.
Sometimes when you see other people's projects, it inspires you to do another project.
It was a fun thing to show, like, what we can do and show it off to the entire district
and the community.
It's, like, really satisfying to see your project finally come together and your hard work pay off.
And what this also shows is our kids are going to be the inventors and the innovators in
the next 10, 15, 20 years.
And we're at the earliest stages of that.
We have the opportunity to plant those seeds now.
It's just an unbelievable experience that really shows what can happen when you collaborate
with the South Orangetown School District, the parents' association and all the great kids.
-------------------------------------------
60 Seconds of STEM: Animation Studio Kit - Duration: 1:01.
Hey! Linda here, with 60 Seconds of STEM.
Today, we're going to talk about the Animation Studio Kit from Hamilton Buhl.
This kit comes with a webcam, a microphone, and the "Animate It!" software
that allows students to easily create and edit their own animations.
With the "Animate It!" software, students can import audio, collect video, add titles, time lapses, and more.
Stop motion animation is a great project to incorporate any subject.
From ELA, to art, and even social studies.
With the Animation Studio Kit, students can practice their teamwork, creativity, and problem solving skills.
We can't wait to see what your students make, and thanks for watching.
-------------------------------------------
WHAT'S THE T THURSDAY #4 - ARIANA IS COMING, NICKI & CARDI BEEF? - Duration: 21:05.
Don't forget to subscribe my channel.
No comments:
Post a Comment