By now you've probably heard of 3D printing.
From car parts and plastic toys to works of art and even desserts, 3D printing offers
endless possibilities in our increasingly D-I-Y world.
Perhaps one of the most exciting and promising of these
is the ability to print human tissue and organs.
It might sound like the stuff of the future, but as highlighted in the August issue of
MRS Bulletin, the era of 3D bioprinting is here.
And if researchers can work together to solve the major challenges facing this rapidly growing field
they could make organ and tissue engineering as easy as pushing a button.
By far the greatest challenge in printing living matter is making sure that matter stays alive
both during and after printing.
Cells thrive within a narrow range of temperature, pressure, and oxygen level
and must remain sterile.
Bioprinting experts must therefore ensure that the inside of their devices and,
more importantly, the inks that they print with provide a biofriendly environment.
For materials scientists, the issue represents an important design problem: giving liquid-loving
cells a happy home while making implants strong enough to keep their shape once in the body.
Researchers have devised several creative solutions to that problem—for example, using
biocompatible polymers called bioinks that gel when squeezed out of a printing nozzle.
But many other issues still remain.
For one, it's not entirely clear how all the forces felt by bioinks affect cell survival.
Or, for that matter, how cells themselves affect the mechanical and material properties
of bioinks and printed tissue.
And then, of course, there's cost.
Even when researchers understand these various structure-property relationships
will bioprinting be affordable?
Still, a future where organs such as liver, bone, and heart can be printed to order may
not be far away.
The articles gathered in this month's MRS Bulletin take a close look at how researchers
are tackling these and other issues as they vie to bring bioprinting into the mainstream.
To learn more about the current status and future of 3D bioprinting, register for the
MRS OnDemand webinar "3D Bioprinting of Organs and Organs-on-a-Chip"
For more infomation >> 3D bioprinting of organs - Duration: 2:27.-------------------------------------------
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I TRY AN AMERICAN FAST FOOD - Duration: 7:28.
Hi everyone, what's up ? I hope you're doing well
I'm Yoann, and you're on my channel: My life in the United States
So we're here today, in a different setting
we're parked at the moment
At SONIC. Sonic is a drive-in
it's an American fast food. It's something very different, that we don't have in France
so I thought I would bring you along
and show you
the American fast food SONIC
SONIC is a drive-in, the difference between drive in and drive-through
Mcdonald's etc in France are drive-through
we can do with our car, go to the side
order, they give us our food
and we go with our order or we eat inside the restaurant
A drive in is completely different
we park here, I'll show you in a minute. We park with our car
we order at the window, I'll show you, there is a menu
with an intercom. I'll show you everything in a second
and you just have to wait in your car and someone brings the order directly to your car.
and you eat in your car
it's totally different
and an interesting thing here
is that most of the persons working here deliver the food in roller skates
I also heard that they organize roller skating contest, to see who's the fastest one
it's pretty neat
so I'll show you right now the menu and how it works when you arrive and order
so when you arrive at Sonic
you have different spots
where you can park your car
and at each of them, there is a menu and an intercom
you park, and when you're ready, you can look at the menu,
and as you can see the menu is pretty big
Sonic is well known for its drinks and its different mix
it's written on the boards that you can select among more than 398k drinks
there are so many different flavors
you can mix many different flavors and create
more than 398k drinks
it's crazy ! GO USA! We're going to order together
you'll see, we'll order a few American items
And when you're ready, you simply have to push the red button
you talk to the person and you pay directly there
and you just have to wait for your order to be delivered
There we go, we're ready to order. We agreed on a few things
We're going to try a few typical items
We'll have a cheese burger menu, with tater tots
tater tots are deep-fried, grated potatoes in a ball shape
so good !
we'll also have...
Pickle-O's, which are fried pickles
yes you heard it, fried pickles! I'm excited because
I've never had them !
and we'll have corn dogs
it's a sausage (usually a hot dog) coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter on a stick
and it's so so good
and we'll also have their house drink
Cherry Limeade, a kind of cherry limonade, a Sonic classic
so we'll try together
and for desert, we'll have a masterblast
peanut butter & snickers
we'll see ! I'll order a small size
you'll see how it is, because the sizes here
are pretty big
as I explained, when you're ready to order
you just have to click on the button
now I have to pay with my card
for everything I order, it's only $15
and you see how we pay, I just inserted my card
and it's done !
so I ordered and I just have to wait to be delivered here at my car
there we go ! So usually, the real tradition
is to eat in your car, but to show you correctly the food we'll
go and sit at a table outside
so there we go, here we have...
our menu, our 2 corn dogs
which are as I said,
a fried sausage on a stick
tater tots, fried potatoes
and here we have the fried pickles
well, well
we're going to try everything !
Today for our special guests, we have Aurane, hi Aurane ! and Andrea ! Hi Andrea
So we're ready to taste
You're going to try their Cherry limeade
and you'll tell us what you think
so good? I'm going to try too
it's so good !
Now I'm going to try for you and for the first time
the fried pickles
let's go
it's very good
of course, it's fried, it's greasy, so it's good !
literally, pickles dipped in breadcrumbs
and fried
the little tater tots (potatoes)
so good !
taste !
it's good isn't it ?
as you can see here, the drink, it's a medium size
which is literally the large one in France
to finish, the last item is the corndog
the sausage on a stick
it's so good, look how it looks like
so there we go, I hope you enjoyed it, if you did, give it a big thumbs up !
I enjoyed
sharing with you this American experience
if you're in the States, that's something you should try
because it's pretty neat
and they have special things to try, such as the pickles, etc.
and I'll see you next time, on my channel: My life in the USA, bye !
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For more infomation >> Surprise Eggs Nursery Rhym...-------------------------------------------
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GuitarCoop Interview Series - DAVID RUSSELL - Part 1 - Duration: 22:23.
For more infomation >> GuitarCoop Interview Series - DAVID RUSSELL - Part 1 - Duration: 22:23. -------------------------------------------
The Future of Interstellar Communication - Duration: 4:14.
In Star Trek, if the Enterprise needed to talk to Starfleet Command, they could just
send a quick message or have a conversation in real time, even if they were light-years
away from each other.
But like most things in Star Trek, that's not how it works in real life.
For one thing, the waves that carry messages can only travel as fast as the speed of light,
or about 300 million meters per second -- and that may sound really fast, but space is also really big.
And as a spacecraft gets farther away, it becomes harder for us to detect its signal,
so we need bigger and bigger detectors.
Since we're still focusing on exploring our own star system, that's not a big deal right now.
If we ever sent a probe to another star, though, we'd need a detector the size of a city
to get any data from it.
But scientists are already working on a solution for that!
And it might involve using the Sun as a giant lens to strengthen the signal.
When you think of a lens, you might think of a curved piece of glass that can magnify
objects, like a telescope.
But the Sun actually creates a lens of its own, called a gravitational lens, because
huge objects like stars have so much gravity that they warp and curve space around them.
Isn't that just the coolest thing in the universe?
When those stars curve space, any radiation traveling toward them -- like light from a
distant galaxy -- gets curved, too.
The star bends the light around itself like a giant lens, and if you looked at the star
from a distance, you would see a magnified, distorted ring of light around it.
It sounds kind of complicated -because it is.
But gravitational lenses are super useful because they allow us to see distant objects
that would normally be blocked by big stars or clusters of galaxies.
And because gravitational lenses bend any kind of radiation, not just visible light,
they could also be used to magnify radio waves or other communication signals!
If a spacecraft around another star shot a message right at our Sun, the Sun's gravitational
lens would magnify and boost the signal so we could pick it up.
It wouldn't speed up the message, because the signal would already be traveling at the
speed of light, but it would make it stronger, so we could send more data and detect it more easily.
We have a whole lot of work to do before we're ready for that, though.
The main problem is that we wouldn't be able to just use a big receiving dish on Earth
like we do with missions today.
Like others lenses, the lens created by the Sun has a focal point -- a place where all
of the waves of radiation come together.
The Sun actually has a bunch of focal points, or a focal line, but the closest place to
pick up a signal is over 80 billion kilometers away — more than 550 times the distance
from the Earth to the Sun.
Compare that to the Voyager 1 probe, which is about 21 billion kilometers away.
That's the farthest we've ever sent anything into space, and it took 40 years to get there.
And to use the Sun for long-distance communication, it might actually be even better to go farther
than 80 billion kilometers, because that would help us avoid solar flares and other interference
from the Sun that could scramble communications signals.
On the other hand, if we're at the point where we're able to send missions all the
way to other stars, maybe getting to 80 Billion kilometers out wouldn't be much of a problem.
We'd also have to figure out how to reconstruct the message we received, though.
The signal would be warped by the Sun's gravity, so we'd have to do a lot of math
to make sense of the jumbled messages we got.
On top of that, we'd only be able to get messages from spacecraft on the exact opposite
side of the Sun from our receiving probe.
And if we wanted to send a message instead of just receiving one, we'd also have to
get the faraway spacecraft somewhere on the Sun's focal line so it could pick up our
signal, which is pretty limiting when you're trying to explore strange new worlds.
So we have our work cut out for us.
But some astronomers think it could definitely happen, and that one day, we might have a
huge interstellar communications network using gravitational lenses across the galaxy.
Astronomers can't help but dream big.
But even if we never figure out how to visit other stars, we could at least use the Sun's
gravitational lens as a big telescope.
Instead of translating messages and getting the probes in the right spots, we could just
use the lens to get a close-up view at whatever is directly behind the Sun, like exoplanets
or distant galaxies.
It would be like having a telescope with a lens more than a million kilometers across!
But either way, we're definitely not ready to use the Sun as a gravitational lens for
anything yet — let alone interstellar Snapchat.
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Space, brought to you by our awesome patrons
on Patreon who make everything at SciShow possible.
If you'd like to help us keep explaining ideas like this, you can go to patreon.com/scishow.
And for more episodes about the universe and the sun which makes everything we do possible
also, you can go to youtube.com/scishowspace and subscribe.
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