When you come home at the end of a long day,
you might unwind with a lavender bubble bath.
Or maybe you light a zesty orange candle as part of your study ritual.
These habits fall under the umbrella of aromatherapy:
the idea that smelling so-called "essential oils"
can change your mood or even have healing effects.
It might all sound like pseudoscience,
but there have been many studies showing that fragrant essential oils
can make you feel more positive, relaxed, or even feel less pain.
But, and I'm sure you were waiting for me to say it,
it might not only be the oils.
There may also be other ways of explaining these effects, too.
Despite their name, essential oils aren't actually essential
at least, not for your body.
Instead, they're found in the bodies of plants,
where they're sometimes used for protection.
These oils are complex mixtures of dozens of different compounds
that are super small and light.
So unlike other smelly things,
they can easily float up and into your nose.
Most of these compounds are either terpenes,
which are made of chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms,
or aromatic compounds,
which are carbons and hydrogens arranged in a flat ring.
Mixtures of these chemicals will form
anything from peppermint oil to lavender oil.
Then, they're put in candles, lotions, and all sorts of products
that can supposedly help you focus or relax.
Now, it is worth mentioning that some people claim aromatherapy
can treat clinical anxiety, depression, or cancer.
But there are few, if any, rigorous studies showing that the oils alone
can do those things, no matter what the people selling them advertise.
But, when it comes to relaxation or focus,
those effects don't seem to just be marketing.
Tons of studies have shown that all those compounds
reaching your nose really can change how you feel.
For example, a 2005 study
published in the Journal of Physiology and Behaviour
looked at how 220 patients waiting in a dentist's office
responded to orange or lavender scents.
The patients either smelled those fragrances wafting around the waiting room,
heard some cheerful music, or neither.
They were also handed questionnaires to fill in while they waited,
which were surveys about things like pain, anxiety, and mood.
Those who smelled either orange or lavender said they felt less anxious,
more positive, and calmer compared to others who didn't get the scents
or who listened to music.
And there are literally hundreds of other papers
showing similar results from other experiments.
But even with all those studies,
it's still not clear if the essential oils alone are really responsible
for those changes -- or, if they are, how they work.
There are some studies in rat brains that suggest essential oils
could boost feel-good neurotransmitters in your brain,
like dopamine and serotonin.
Or they could dampen
the autonomic nervous system, which controls your heart rate and breathing.
But why they'd do this isn't as obvious.
As far as we can tell, there's no specific pathway that's triggered when
these terpenes or aromatic molecules bind to the receptors in your nose.
Instead, it's more likely that essential oils work for psychological reasons.
But, maybe unsurprisingly, figuring out what those reasons
are isn't a walk in the park, either.
The research in this field hasn't exactly been bulletproof,
and there are a ton of confounding variables most studies
haven't been designed to account for.
For example, it's possible that the situation or ritual around inhaling
the scent could be more important than the smell itself.
One 2006 study showed that new mothers given lavender
or citrus oil massages felt less anxious or tired after giving birth.
But it may not have just been the smell of the oil.
It could've also been that, well, massages are generally soothing.
Why these oils work could also just be a matter of preference
or even the placebo effect.
That's where the effect comes from
your beliefs and not from the properties or chemistry of the treatment.
Or it could be a combination of these things.
Right now, the reasons are really hard to pin down because there are
some major scientific issues with how many of these studies were done.
The biggest, is that few of them are controlled and double blind.
A controlled study compares the test situation to something neutral
basically to see if the experimental conditions have any effect.
And in a double blind study, neither the participants nor the experimenters
know who's being tested with what.
This helps prevent bias.
Another problem is that these studies also often ask people to rate their
feelings using a questionnaire.
And the questions on these surveys can sometimes skew the results.
In that dentist study, for example, patients were asked to rate
how calm they felt -- not how they felt in general.
By giving study subjects options for their feelings
rather than leaving the question open,
that could have made people seem calmer than they actually were.
When it comes to scientific evidence,
it's not always about the overall number of studies.
If those studies aren't well-designed, the results won't be conclusive.
So to really understand how essential oils affect us
and why they cause the feelings they do,
it would help to have more rigorous research.
But while scientists are working on that,
all of this doesn't mean that it's time to throw out your relaxing bath bombs
or perfume diffusers.
There is plenty of evidence that using essential oils does something
it's just not clear whether it's the oils or the experience of using them
that's really responsible for the warm and fuzzy feelings.
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!
If you liked exploring some of the psychology involved in essential oils,
we've got the channel for you.
You can find even more videos about your mind
and how it works over at youtube.com/scishowpsych.
For more infomation >> Do Essential Oils Really Work? And Why? - Duration: 4:47.-------------------------------------------
Becky G habla de su carrera artística | Suelta La Sopa | Entretenimiento - Duration: 2:13.
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La frecciatina di Albano a Romina Power. Duro sfogo di Albano Carrisi in una telefonata | K.N.B.T - Duration: 3:29.
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América-RN x Confiança: transmissão da Copa do Nordeste ao vivo na TV e internet|x3and1baller - Duration: 4:59.
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Angelo contro Marco: "Stai prendendo in giro Gemma Galgani!" | M.C.G.S - Duration: 5:28.
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RITA DALLA CHIESA : "Fabrizio Frizzi non si dimentica" e annuncia il ritorno in tv su Rete4 - Duration: 4:57.
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Opel Astra 1.6 Edition |Automaat|Airco|Nieuwe Apk| - Duration: 1:11.
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Renault Grand Scénic 2.0-16V Tech Line Automaat, navi, xenon, panodak - Duration: 1:08.
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Kia Niro 1.6 Hybrid DCT ExecutiveLine met Leder, Navi en 7 jr garantie!! - Duration: 1:13.
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"나는 생각 만하지 않고지지했지만 ..." "명상의 함성"김해의 우승 우승|조회수8.212.910 - Duration: 3:30.
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BMW 1 Serie 118I * 92.432 Km * Leder * Nav i * Xenon * - Duration: 1:07.
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Dinosaur Event Near You
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All Wotlk Raids Gold Farm | 15k+/h - Duration: 3:54.
Hey there guys, so today i will be testing out this farm, which i will be doing all the raids
from wrath of the lich king in heroic mode and see how much gold
will i make out of it by disenchanting all the items and skinning the mobs.
So after doing all the raids this is what've obtained
Thanks for watching and till the next time, see ya!
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Liverpool can sign their own Dele Alli with swoop for 15-goal-ace James Maddison ● News Now ● #LFC - Duration: 2:06.
Liverpool are one of the clubs monitoring James Maddison.
Liverpool are one of several Premier League sides eyeing talented youngster James Maddison,
The Mirror reported earlier this month.
Maddison, just 21-years-old, has scored 15 goals for an inconsistent Norwich City side
this season.
The Express reported that Norwich are demanding 'over £25 million' for Maddison - a high
fee which could still prove a bargain.
Maddison has been compared to Dele Alli due to his eye for goal - whose exploits at Tottenham
put his estimated transfer fee well above £50 million.
The choice of clubs for Maddison is crucial.
If he moved to say a Newcastle, Leicester or Huddersfield, he would be immediately expected
to replicate his Championship form, while at Chelsea, also linked, he could simply get
lost.
Liverpool would be perfect for the youngster, and you only have to look at the frenetic
and relentless nature of their attack to see why.
The Reds would not be dependent on Maddison, but he would also chip in frequently when
required.
With Liverpool losing Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain to a serious knee injury, their need for an
attacking midfielder has been increased.
Maddison could score and create for fun playing alongside Mohamed Salah and co,
and he could do so without pressure, with the team already performing at a high level
and able to cope if he struggles at first.
The Reds have funds available after cashing in on Coutinho, and making a move for talented
Maddison could be the best move they make all summer.
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Elena Jiménez enseña sus diseños para los Premios Billboard | Suelta La Sopa | Entretenimiento - Duration: 2:25.
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Kate Middleton: Ahora puedes comprar su vestido de boda en H&M . - Duration: 2:21.
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What Inspired J.Cole's Alter Ego, kiLL edward On 'KOD'? | Genius News - Duration: 3:04.
LETTY: On his new album, 'KOD,' J. Cole introduces kiLL edward.
What was first assumed to be a feature turned out to be J. Cole himself as his alter-ego.
Prior to 'KOD's' release, a song called "Tidal Wave - just a little reference,"
appeared on Spotify.
That when pitched up, shows it's actually Cole's vocals.
LETTY: The message behind 'KOD' seems to be that we all go through pain,
and it's up to us to "choose wisely" in how we cope.
kiLL edward seems to represent the part of Cole that hasn't always dealt with pain correctly.
LETTY: So, what's behind the moniker?
Cole's brother Zach may have provided that answer while reviewing 'KOD.'
ZACH: Our ex stepdad's name was Edward.
REVIEWER: Oh for real?
ZACH: So I dunno if that's got anything to do with it but yeah.
LETTY: Turns out it might have much to do with it.
On the album, Cole details his mother's alcohol and drug abuse as it relates to his
stepfather's infidelity, and later mentions how he'd like to kill the person
who's hurt his mother.
Cole's been open about his stepfather's missteps and the pain it's caused his family before.
On his 2013 'Truly Yours' EP, Jermaine writes somewhat of an open letter to Edward.
On his sophomore album, 'Born Sinner,' Cole jokingly ponders how he'd feel
if his ex-stepfather passed away.
LETTY: And his '2014 Forest Hills Drive' album was named after his childhood home,
which the family lost, thanks to his stepdad's transgressions.
COMBAT JACK: In an indirect sense your stepfather caused this album to happen?
J. COLE: Yeah he did.
COMBAT JACK: Let's talk about that, man.
J. COLE: About a month into college, I get a call from my mom.
So she just got the news right there that A. the mortgage payments haven't been made
and B. she knows that her relationship is over.
LETTY: Add this all up and it seems like kiLL edward is Cole's worst way to cope, personified.
I'm Letty for Genius News, bringing you meaning and the knowledge behind the music.
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Game of Zones - S5:E3: "The Writing on the Wall" - Duration: 5:48.
Lord Commander
Lord Commander! Wake up!
Giannis? What are you doing here?
I have to tell you something
What is it? Did Bango fall off the ladder?
No. They're going to exile you. At dawn
[Sighs]
I knew this day would come
Demand a trial…a trial by one-on-one!
I will be your champion!
Giannis, you're a good kid
No, you're a good Kidd!
It's not right. They blame you for everything!
Eh. Well
The analytics maesters blame you for all the corner threes we give up!
I mean, it is my defensive scheme, so
And the fanlings say it's your fault we don't know when to foul in the last two minutes of battle!
Yeah, well okay, I mean, that one sort of
Even though half the knights have given up on you!
Eleven of them, actually
Here
What is it? Breakfast smoothie?
Something like that
[Coughs]
I think your strawberries went bad
Listen, Giannis
I could adjust my schemes
I could stop blaming our youth
I could even work on my time management
But I won't
Because at the end of the day
I must be true to who I am
In here
And in here
I am an asshole
I'm a stubborn asshole and I don't have a clue what I'm doing
But...but you're the best Lord Commander I've ever had
I'm the only Lord Commander you've ever had
Wait, did you have Larry Drew for a year? Were you...
Did you have Larry Drew for a year?
Yeah, yes, who cares?
What matters is that it's not fair what they do to you!
[Glass breaks]
[Glass breaks] You're giving up on us! You're giving up on me!
You're giving up on us! You're giving up on me!
Don't cry over spilled mead, Giannis!
Don't cry over spilled mead, Giannis! When life gives you spilled mead...ugh
When life gives you spilled mead...ugh
Use it to get a free timeout…
-Ah, the Big Dog
Glenn Robinson. One of House Bucks' finest knights
I fought beside him under House Hawks. Years ago
Lord Commander never talked about him
But sometimes I'd find him down here lighting candles and praying to the statue
Those weren't prayers
They were curses
Ser Glenn Robinson was the first pick of his draft class
Do you know who was second?
Lord Commander?
Aye. Well, Ex-Lord Commander
He would come down here to pay his disrespects
That resentment, that anger, that was Ser Kidd's greatest weapon
and his greatest weakness
[Sighs]
We were just getting comfortable in his scheme
Ser Ray Allen
He was pretty comfortable fighting under George Karl
They spent years on the brink of conquering the East together
But they never did
Things grew toxic
Five years later, Ray was finally a champion
under Maester Rivers
his sixth Lord Commander
His Airness, Ser Jordan was a great knight under Doug Collins
but it was under the Zen Maester that he became a champion
-Don't forget about Steph Curry, mate!
Ah! What the? Delly?
He was quite comfortable with Mark Jackson
but Steve Kerr really put him over the top
What are you even doing down here?
I was just down here scrapping around
Actually found a pretty cool cave. You guys wanna come check this out?
Wow. What is this place?
This must be pre-merger
Ancient House Hawks maybe?
I don't know
Is that–is that Wilt Chamberlain?
Nay. George Mikan. The first giant
Nay. George Mikan. The first giant What–what is this? Look at all these pale dwarves
What–what is this? Look at all these pale dwarves
Oh my gods, these must be the White Men of the Forest
I only heard about them in stories
They were first to play this game
Looks normal to me
Look here. No three-point line
Why is he holding the ball like that?
They were too weak to shoot overhand
Some of these guys weren't even full-time knights
They were tooth maesters when they weren't playing
Man, this thing must be thousands of years old
Oh look over here
This guy's holding a basket
This looks like the earliest drawing
Oh yeah, that must be Maester Naismith
Wow
Legend has it, he settled Balleros and made our holy sport
He's the father of us all
There, yeah! Look! It says here
Thou Maker. That's him!
Wait...wait. That's not a...
That says Thon! Thon Maker!
Uh, Jason?
How old did you say this was again?
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Impossible Objects - Duration: 11:29.
Vsauce, I'm Jake and on a recent flight I rewatched the fantastic Christopher Nolan
film Inception.
In the movie Joseph Gordon Levitts' character mentions "The penrose steps.
The infinite staircase."
And that got me thinking about impossible objects, which the penrose steps or impossible
staircase are.
So, I decided to 3D print some.
Impossible Objects are shapes that form in an inconsistent way creating a visual illusion...something
that deceives our mind by producing a false impression of reality.
And if you've played the video game Monument Valley, it is filled with those sorts of illusions.
So let's look at a few examples we printed starting with
This is the impossible staircase.
An endless loop of steps going up, then back down, then back up and so on and so forth.
At first glance it seems logical, we understand what a staircase is and how it functions but
it is connected in such a way to create an impossibility.
Once we rotate the object and change the specific viewpoint, the illusion is revealed.
With every impossible object the most important part is perspective and lighting.
It only works if you are looking at it in a very specific way, For the effect to exist
in real life you need to have one eye closed, limit your depth perception, or be looking
at a 2D image through a camera lens like you are right now with this video, and that also
applies to what we generally think of as a 2D image, one that is drawn.
In the february 1958 edition of the British Journal of Psychology, a paper by Lionel and
his son Roger Penrose was published describing a creation of theirs...the Penrose Steps,
the impossible staircase, a structure that is "acceptable as representing a flight
of steps but the connections are such that the picture, as a whole, is inconsistent."
Also in their paper they talk about how two-dimensional drawings can be made to convey the impression
of three-dimensional shapes.
It can be used to induce contradictory perceptual objects.
And no one was better at that or more widely known for it than M.C.
Escher who, two years after the Penrose's paper, created Ascending and Descending showcasing
that particular impossible object in his work for the first time.
And speaking of M.C.
Esther, he imagined and drew a multitude of impossible structures and objects, one of
my favorites is an object he created called
The Impossible Cube first appeared in Esther's piece Belvedere.
Down at the base of the steps on a bench is a boy holding the cube.
And in real life, it looks like this.
The beams at the joints are intersecting with the horizontal crossing sections, weaving
in front of and behind.
If you stare at it long enough, looking at the object as a whole, your mind becomes tricked
by what side of the cube is in front and which is in the back.
That is until we move it.
It is incredibly reminiscent of another type of perspective illusion that I'm pretty
sure you've drawn at least once in your life, the necker cube, which is also in Belvedere
at the same boy's feet.
It is an ambiguous line drawing.
Even though it is a 2D object, it's depth changes.
Is this the front...or is this?
It creates a bistable percept, a perceptual phenomena where there are unpredictable subjective
changes.
YOU NEED CONTEXT or else a shape could be in any orientation.
When our perception disagrees with physical reality, we say we have experienced an illusion.
A visual illusion is not really there in the image.
Our mind makes it "real".
All of these objects I am showing you have been lit in such a way, and filmed in such
a way to make it look like they are all on the same plane, that is to say, that there
is no part of the object out of focus even though they do have depth.
In essence we are filming a 3D object to look like a 2D object to give the illusion that
it is 3D.
And one of the best examples of this is probably the most famous Impossible Object.
The Impossible Triangle or Penrose Triangle, was first created by swedish artist Oscar
Reutersvärd in 1934 and, separately, by the Penroses in that same Impossible Object paper
from the 1950s.
In it they say that the lines of the drawing are connected in such a manner as to produce
an impossibility.
Yet, here it is.
When features or objects are touching they tend to be viewed at the same distance.
It looks like every surface, every connection is on the same plane creating what appears
to be one solid object...even though it isn't.
So what's happening?
Impossible objects are perceptual paradoxes, objects which cannot exist.
And we tend to use the term visual illusion or optical illusion to describe them but that's
not always correct because, as we discussed before, the cause is beyond our eye.
Here we see 4 large circles with smaller circles filling it.
Ok, nothing too crazy but what if we turn some sections in these circles blue?
What do you see?
A square maybe even though there are no lines in between the separate larger circles to
tell us there is a one, there are no physical boundaries but yet our mind is making them.
Let's look at another example.
We have these objects.
It looks like there is depth even though it is a 2 dimensional image.
If I asked you what those two shapes were you would probably say two rectangles with
one beneath the other.
But looking at it, why does our mind assume this?
Why not a rectangle with two squares on either side?
There is typically a degree of predictability or expectancy from one glance to the next
in the visual world.
Things look as they do because they are what they are.
Or are you?
Hey Jake.
Oh hi Eric.
We are intentional beings who are projecting our expectations into the future.
We usually see what we expect to see.
It's Empiricism, the philosophical approach that "all information is derived from sensory
perceptions and experiences".
We use information from the past to predict the present.
For example, we say this is a table because we were told that this is a table.
You don't need to see the legs of it to know that.
It has become an object.
Just like this book is an object.
And when taken individually, the words in the book are objects as well.
It's Gestalt Psychology.
Gestalt in German means "shape" or "form".
And in short, Gestalt Psychology is that we perceive objects as a whole rather than as
parts.
Our perceptual system organizes what we see into groups which brings us to the five grouping
laws: The Law of Nearness or Proximity, of Similarity, of Good Continuation, of Closure,
and the Law of Common Fate.
We saw the Law of Nearness with those 4 circles that when areas were colored, created a square.
Where objects near each other tend to be seen as one.
But the two laws that factor in the most with an Impossible Object are the Laws of Good
Continuation and the Law of Closure.
These two Laws can be seen in all 3 of the impossible objects we looked at but lets focus
on the impossible triangle for the Law of Good Continuation, where the lines of the
object come together to be seen as one unit.
And with the Law of Closure, it states that when a figure has a gap, we tend to see it
as a closed complete object.
Like in the case of the impossible stairs.
If you want some more illusions, I would highly recommend checking out Michael's video on
the Sydney Opera House Illusion on our DONG channel.
Michael, Kevin, and I are making two videos a week there and it is full of Saucey goodness.
There is a link in the description to go give it a look.
Now, just for fun, here is one more illusion we made.
Not only does it look like an impossible triangle but something else is happening.
It looks like each cube that makes up the triangle is coming straight at us even though
we know it is a trick so it can't be.
And of course, it isn't.
We tend to have the visual assumption that objects are more likely to be convex, bulging
outwards, instead of hollow.
And a lot of that effect is accentuated with lighting.
Now these illusions challenge us to disagree with what our mind is seeing.
We are aware we are being lied to, but it is hard to pinpoint why.
It is that rare moment when we know our brain is wrong but how do you convince yourself
that yourself isn't seeing what it is?
Because of what we know, what we've been told, we tend not to question what we see,
we rationalize it...If it can't be real than how is it in front of me?
Everything is an illusion, we've just been conditioned to give it a form, to make it
an object.
And, as always, thanks for watching.
If you've seen my videos before you know I love and use the site Skillshare who are
supporting Vsauce by sponsoring this episode and by checking out Skillshare, you can support
my videos as well.
They are a wonderful online community that offers over 20 thousand classes on things
like design, photography, production and more.
I've taken courses on color correction and photoshop using Skillshare but if you want
to get into 3D modelling and then be able to print your own models I'd recommend this
Introduction 3D modelling in Blender class.
Blender is great because it is free, open source and pretty full featured so you can
get started right away.
This class gives you all the basics you need to learn the software and get creating.
Skillshare was nice enough to give the first 1000 Vsauce3 viewers who sign up using the
link at the top of the description their first 2 months of a premium subscription for FREE.
That's a pretty good deal and I love you.
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Jessica Mercedes spotkała się z Jennifer Lopez. Brawo, Jen! - Duration: 3:27.
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Wells Fargo is in trouble, shareholder says - Duration: 5:16.
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#OCPSGrads Apopka HS Jasmine - Duration: 1:49.
I guess you could say that it was hard going up because we'd have to provide
for our family so like starting at a young age
basically the whole summer I'd be in North Carolina so I'd be picking different crops.
As a migrant student the Migrant program really helped me because it
provided me of many different services and had so much to offer for me.
Growing up as a Blue Darter, it's really been beneficial there's many teachers like
Mr. Johnston or Mr. Mellon who have helped me throughout the way.
Mr. Mellon taught me AP Psychology in my junior year and ever since then he's just been like one of my
most important supporters. One of his famous quotes like "wherever you are be there."
So that's what I do like whenever I'm in class I have other outside forces
trying to bother me such as stress at home he would definitely be there
and tell me wherever I am be there.
So I'm graduating high school with my AA
and I plan on attending University of South Florida's nursing school.
After that I will be attending graduate school probably at the University of Florida
and I will become a nurse practitioner midwife. I've always been fascinated with
babies coming into this world and to me there's no other miracle as great as
that one so I want to help families in that process.
I chose to give my AA in high school because I know financially I don't have to pay a dime for it.
And then it's just a head start. CAMP is College Assistance Migrant Program.
It's going to fund my first year of college. Bright Futures, which I got the highest
award so that's definitely going to help me out as it pays for all of my tuition
Um, going into college I guess I'm just really excited about
that like inner satisfaction that I'm really doing this and I'm really going
to be what I want
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