We've taken six of the world's top athletes
to find out what it takes to make a true Olympian...
That's it, come on!
..as we push their bodies to the max.
(ANATOMY OF A ROWER)
Rowing is one of the most physically demanding sports
on the Olympic programme.
It requires strength,
it requires strength-endurance,
it requires power.
Add on top of that, the aerobic capacity
that is required within an elite rower
is absolutely enormous.
This really is the full package for an Olympic athlete.
Damir Martin is a double Olympic silver medallist
and missed out on Olympic gold in Rio
by just five-thousandths of a second
in the closest finish in Olympic rowing history.
It's a photo-finish!
Damir's Olympic successes
and his title of European Champion have made him
Croatia's most popular sports star.
He's taken a break from pre-season training
to take on our most demanding set of tests yet.
The typical body shape of a rower really
is all about stroke rate times by stroke length.
The taller the rower is,
the longer the potential there is for that stroke,
the faster they will go.
What we're looking for is very tall, very muscular,
very lean individuals to be elite rowers.
Damir has come to the Manchester Institute
of Health and Performance, to see just what it is
that makes him one of his sport's truly elite athletes.
The stats show he's a physical force to be reckoned with,
but what are the secrets that have made him
one of rowing's stand-out performers?
We're about to find out.
It could sound funny.
I don't like to row too much, because it really
hurts my back, probably 20k, in a session
and then on a bike, I do 60-100 kilometres
and then even do some weightlifting
or some preventional training.
Before we really set Damir to work,
we need to see what makes up the body of a world-class rower
and just how much has changed since
the peak condition of games time in Rio.
Compared to an Olympic-class swimmer
with a body fat percentage of 12.4,
Damir's pre-season form
of 18.4% may seem less impressive,
but next to a similar-sized heavyweight weightlifter
at 26.7, Damir clearly has the lean muscle to match the mass.
During winter, there's a lot of endurance training,
collecting mileage and collecting weights in the gym.
So you have some storage of strength during the summer.
(DYNO)
The Dynamometer test is regularly used for two reasons.
One is performance and one is for injury surveillance
and for rehabilitation.
Damir is a linear endurance athlete,
in other words he repeats the same action
over and over again and the load that is placed
on the left and right sides should be equal,
so we're looking for high strength
and we're looking for symmetry.
In a typical rowing stroke,
almost 50% of the power produced
comes from the leg muscles.
Our Dyno will test the rotational force, or torque,
Damir's legs can generate
and also the relative strength of his dominant
and non-dominant legs in both hamstrings and quadriceps.
- Are you ready? - I'm ready.
Great - three, two, one, go!
Good, push, push, push, pull, pull, pull, well done, Damir.
Come on, let's go again, more, more, more.
Push, push, push! Last one, let's go!
Let's go! Let's go!
Pull! Pull! Pull! And relax.
A single scull rower needs to be able to generate
massive amounts of torque
through his legs in both the flexion
and extension phases to power himself to victory.
But this power delivery has to be balanced across both legs
to ensure he propels his boat as efficiently as possible
through the water.
Two, one, go!
Good, yes, great start, Damir!
Go on, then, push hard, pull!
Good, and relax there.
Excellent, Damir, so that's some of the highest
peak torques I've ever seen,
so really well done!
You feel OK?
I put my eyeballs back!
Damir's results are truly astonishing.
His peak torque on leg extension
is in a class of its own,
higher than even the best elite athlete scores
from the NFL, NBA and football's Premier League.
The critical value we looked at
was that peak torque production,
which was almost 400 newton-metres,
incredibly strong.
Add on top of that the symmetry.
So the torque produced from both left and right leg
was almost the same.
So he is beautifully symmetric and incredibly strong.
I think my physical strengths are really
my physical strengths.
So, all the trainings in the gym.
I think the most important thing are the square metres
of your body and if you are not tall, you have to be wide.
(ENVIRO)
Training at altitude has been used by elite athletes
for almost 50 years now as a way to force
the body to perform at reduced oxygen levels.
So when the athlete returns to sea level,
they can deliver improved aerobic performance.
As we go up in altitude
the availability of oxygen reduces.
Essentially what that does
is it makes rowing that much harder.
Three, two, one, go!
We've put Damir in
a cutting-edge environmental chamber...
Excellent! Good change, well done!
..and dialled in the same conditions
that exist at Belmeken, Bulgaria,
where Croatia's top Olympic performers
head for altitude training, 2,000m above sea level.
96, that's excellent!
Like all Olympic rowing events, the single sculls
is contested over 2,000m.
Rowers pace themselves over 500m splits,
with the first and the last being flat-out sprints,
and the middle two, at a constant race pace.
Inside the chamber, Damir has to produce 90 seconds
of steady-state rowing...
Connect and go, well done!
..followed by 30 seconds of all-out effort
over eight intervals
and with 22% less oxygen available than at sea level.
Yeah, well ahead of pace, well done, well done!
That's it, keep pushing, Damir!
Three, two, one.
Fantastic.
Excellent, Damir, well done.
- Feeling OK? - Real good, well done.
For Damir, what we see is that performing the same exercise,
at the same intensity, we get this progressively increasing
heart rate across the test.
In other words, it's getting harder and harder.
As it gets harder, the adaptation to that
gets greater and greater.
So by training at altitude,
what we are seeing is an increase
in training stimulus, which hopefully translates
to an improved performance at sea level.
(UP CLOSE)
It could sound funny who my inspiration was,
it was Mahe Drysdale and Olaf Tufte.
I'm racing now against them.
Tufte is now the oldest in the field,
he is not happy with this title,
but he is a great athlete
and he has to show
us younger guys how to row and
how to exist that long in rowing.
In those two weeks of Rio, it was really satisfying
and the last 300m came
and I said, "It's the Olympic final,
"I have nothing to lose,
"I can just make my medal shinier."
It's Damir Martin from Drysdale,
but Drysdale has the finish.
Oh!
It was really perfect from the first to the last stroke
and I have nothing to be sorry for.
Yeah, maybe for this less than one-thousandth of a second.
But it will come.
(SPIRO)
The lung function test is really important,
because it's the first piece in the jigsaw of aerobic capacity.
Now, what we see in elite rowing
is very big athletes and big athletes have big lungs.
So, what we are expecting
is Damir to demonstrate that in this test.
The cardio-respiratory system of any athlete is vital
in achieving peak performance.
Rowers must shift between intense aerobic
and anaerobic activity throughout a race
and efficient and powerful lungs are the foundation
of everything they do.
So can I get you to put your nose clip on
and so I want you to put the tube in your mouth
and have a good seal if that's all right.
Take a deep breath in - when you're ready...
And keep on going, keep on going, keep on going,
keep on going.
That's good, well done, Damir.
The effort that is required to drive a 14-kilo,
eight-metre-long single scull through the water at race pace
for 2km is huge,
and there are few Olympic sports that can match
the intensity of physical exertion
that elite rowers experience.
Fill your lungs up and out!
Keep on going, keep on going, keep on going.
That's good, well done.
So, Damir these results are phenomenal,
even compared to some of
the elite athletes that we look after.
When we look at Damir's Forced Vital Capacity
or the amount of air he can exhale in one full breath,
it's easy to see why rowers have the reputation
for having the strongest lungs in sport.
He has a huge lung volume
and that is critical to underpin
this enormous aerobic capacity
which is required for elite rowing.
(VO2 MAX)
The VO2 Max, or the aerobic capacity,
often what we call the endurance capacity,
is absolutely crucial for rowing performance.
So, for Damir, were expecting a very high VO2 Max,
because it underpins everything he does in the boat.
As well as testing Damir's ability to deliver oxygen
to his muscles during a maximal effort,
we are also measuring when he hits his anaerobic threshold,
the point at which his body can no longer
remove the lactic acid which causes the muscles to burn
and exhaustion to set in.
Rowers have produced some of the highest-ever recorded
VO2 Max readings among elite athletes
and there's no single test that pushes the body
to its physical limits more than this one.
It demands nothing short of total, maximum effort.
Three, two, one, off you go!
Every minute the test goes on,
Damir will have to up his power output.
350 watts, well done!
As the stroke rate increases, his heart rate rises
and the lactate levels in his muscles begin to build.
Brilliant, Damir, brilliant!
Rowing takes the body into areas of physical exhaustion
that few other sports can match,
demanding supreme endurance and strength in equal measure.
Nice and controlled, but push!
- Dig deep! - Good job!
That's it, come on!
As the lactate threshold is reached
and Damir's muscles begin to burn with the effort,
he must push through the pain if he's to achieve the VO2 Max
he is truly capable of.
- Yes, here we go! - Come on, push it!
Yes, Damir! That's it, push it, big watts!
- Well done. - Keep it going, keep it going.
Don't fail, don't fail!
- Come on, push. - 30 seconds and we're done!
Come on, 30 seconds, that's it!
Excellent! Well done.
Fantastic work, absolutely fantastic.
Damir's Maximal VO2 score is literally breathtaking,
higher than the world's best marathon runners
and greater than most of the elite rowers
he competes against.
He consumes 6.25 litres of oxygen every minute -
that's absolutely massive.
Lactate threshold, Damir can sustain
one minute 40 seconds for every 500m,
that's absolutely incredible.
The race is seven minutes,
there is a lot of fighting in your head
when the pain hits you.
You can always stop and then it's easier.
But then, you are not in front, so you have to bite through it
and go till to the end.
Even in a sport renowned
for producing some of the most impressive physical specimens
on the planet, Damir is truly a force of nature.
That's it, keep it going, keep it going! Don't fail!
Stamina, strength and a mental conditioning
that enable him to push his body beyond the limits
of even the most elite of his fellow athletes.
He is an imposing figure when he comes into the lab.
He is incredibly strong,
his lung size, absolutely astronomical.
All of these facets of performance
demonstrate why Damir
is a double Olympic silver medallist
and one of the best rowers in the world.
I thought that maybe this is for a reason,
that I didn't win the gold medal in Rio
because I think great things are coming,
so I am looking forward to Tokyo
and maybe even further.
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