An Giang info: Youtube daily report Apr 30 2018

[INTRO♪]

Dogs may be man's best friend, but it's hard to tell if the feeling is mutual.

It's tough to figure out what's going on in anyone's head,

let alone a species that can't talk.

But there are techniques researchers use to look for emotions in animals,

and studies suggest that dogs do form deep emotional bonds with people.

And their ability to do that might be why they became our best friends in the first place.

Dogs certainly do things that seem loving,

and not just when they snuggle up to you on the couch for some extra pets.

Research suggests that your dog has your back, for example,

and will snub those who snub you.

And if it seems like your pup tries to console you when you're sad,

that might not be your imagination.

In studies, they do seem to display empathetic concern,

like nuzzling a person when they're sobbing,

or becoming anxious at the sound of an infant crying.

Dogs are also able to distinguish among human emotions by smell alone

because how we feel changes the chemicals in our sweat.

So even if you're putting on a brave face, they probably still know you're sad.

But none of that is love, per se.

To find evidence for emotions, researchers have looked to see

if dogs exhibit the same physiological responses we do when we feel things.

For example, a 2015 study used fMRI, which monitors brain activity based on blood flow,

to look at how 12 dogs reacted to the smell of themselves,

people they knew, strangers, and familiar and unfamiliar dogs.

The scent of people they knew activated an area of the brain that the other smells didn't:

the caudate nucleus, the same part of the brain's reward system

that activates when we humans look at pictures of people we love.

Other lines of research have looked at oxytocin levels.

Oxytocin is sometimes called the 'love hormone,'

which is a major oversimplification of how it affects your body and brain,

but it does seem to play a big part in creating and maintaining emotional bonds.

And when you interact with people you love—

like when you hold your baby, or flirt with your partner—

the levels of oxytocin in your blood and saliva jump.

Studies have found that there's a similar rise when you play with your dog,

for both you and them, and that just gazing into each other's eyes

can be enough to cause a mutual spike.

But that doesn't necessarily mean that your dog loves you—

or that you love your dog.

Psychologists are quick to note that it's impossible to prove emotions with physiological tests.

Even with people, blood tests don't equal feelings.

You can ask if someone loves you, but there's no lab result

that can tell you if they mean it when they say yes.

So a lot of our understanding of dogs' emotions comes from

the same techniques used in studies on emotions in humans—

especially humans that can't convey their feelings verbally, like babies.

Psychologists study infant attachment by looking for certain key behaviors:

things like seeking physical closeness with their caregivers,

becoming more adventurous when they're nearby,

and being distressed when they're separated.

And multiple studies have found that the bond between dogs and their owners

is super similar to the bond between children and their caregivers.

For example, both babies and dogs have done Strange Situation Procedure tests,

where you watch them while they're left in a room either alone,

with a stranger, with their parent or owner, or with some other combination of people.

And while both babies and dogs seek physical closeness with their person,

they also tend to display more independence by

exploring or reacting more positively to strangers when their caregiver is around.

That's probably because their caregiver acts as a safe base of support,

giving them the security they need to take risks.

Both babies and dogs also tend to get distraught when their person leaves

and seek comfort from them when they return,

suggesting they're a kind of "safe haven" that reduces stress.

Studies like these have even revealed different attachment styles in dogs,

similar to what's been described for how people bond with their parents.

It makes sense that babies and dogs have similar types of bonds with those that raise them.

Dogs are a social species, too, and when they're young,

they rely entirely on whomever cares for them to survive.

Scientists think that in humans, that reliance is part of why we form such strong social bonds.

So it wouldn't be too surprising if dogs have

similar psychological pathways to reinforce their own social bonds.

And some researchers think their ability to form these bonds

especially across species, is a big part of why they ended up being our companions.

They connect with us in a way we find meaningful.

So, the science does suggest that your dog is deeply attached to you.

But attachment doesn't necessarily translate to love.

Psychologists still debate whether love can be measured,

if non-human animals are cognitively capable of feeling it, or even what love really is.

Science can tell you that certain chemicals spike

when your dog interacts with you, and show the strength of their attachment.

But whether that really means your dog loves you is a question science can't fully answer.

You'll just have to look into those big round eyes, scratch an ear,

and decide for yourself.

SciShow Psych is a production of Complexly, which brings you over a dozen channels,

like The Financial Diet.

Here's Chelsea, from TFD to talk more about it.

-If you want to learn more about how to be a person in the world

and make the tough parts of adulthood not so scary,

you should check out The Financial Diet, on of SciShow Psych's sister channels.

We talk about money—everything from how to save it, to how to spend it,

to what to do when you owe a lot of it—

because even though you don't want to think about money,

life is so much better when you know how to handle it.

So check out The Financial Diet at the link in the description.

See you there!

[OUTRO♪]

For more infomation >> Does Your Dog Love You? - Duration: 5:06.

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Why don't we use Viruses to Fight Diseases for Us? - Duration: 6:17.

In 1919 several children in a hospital in central Paris were suffering from severe dysentery,

caused by a bacterial infection of the intestines and resulting in severe diarrhoea.

However, a microbiologist, Félix d'Herelle, was ready to trial a new treatment.

Three years prior, in 1916, d'Herelle, was an unpaid, self-taught volunteer at the Pasteur

Institute and searching for a discovery to place his name in the history books alongside Pasteur himself.

He isolated bacteriophages, viruses that attack bacteria,

from the filtrates of dysentery fluids from soldiers.

He immediately speculated that his discovery could explain the recovery of patients from the disease.

And in early 1919, he had began conducting trial experiments on animals,

isolating phage from chicken faeces and successfully treating a plague of chicken typhus.

With that success he was now ready to begin human trials.

His treatment of several children at the hospital was successful

and promised to herald the beginning of a new medical revolution.

But today, few bacterial infections are treated with Phage Therapy,

instead physicians turn to antibiotics, but with the rise of superbugs resistant to many antibiotics

perhaps bacteriophages could be useful.

So then why did they fall out of use in the first place?

The short answer as to why antibiotics became preferred over Phage is one of convenience, and money.

Phage are specific, targeting only a few bacterial species

and while this can be beneficial in leaving beneficial bacterial species untouched,

a board spectrum antibiotic, wiping clean all species of bacteria can cure an infection

regardless of what specific species is the culprit;

thus allowing for presumptive treatment, prior to the identification of the pathogen.

And the new Sulfonamide antibiotics of the 1930s were easy to use by solo general practitioners,

without the access to expensive bacteriological laboratories needed for the diagnosis

and complex support necessary for effective phage therapy.

Off-the-shelf medications were simple and effective.

And naturally occurring phage, cannot be patented,

so pharmaceutical companies naturally followed the money;

rather than endeavour to isolate new phages faster than bacteria evolved resistance.

But while we can summarise that the wide-spread availability of antibiotics

after the Second World War has reduced the use of phage therapy,

the issues faced began at the moment of discovery.

Even the very nature of phage was the subject of debate.

In 1919, the same year d'Herelle first treated patients with phage,

Jules Bordet was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on immunity

based on lysis of bacteria by antibodies, not phage.

d'Herelle boldly challenged Bordet's work, and with that an academic rivalry was born.

Bordet and his protégé, Andre Gratia, responded by challenging both his conception

of phage as a virus - arguing that bacterial lysis was induced by enzyme -

and his status as discoverer, noting that Frederick Twort, a British microbiologist had observed

"transmissible glassy transformation" of bacteria, but failed to follow up on his original observations,

D'Herelle fought back as best he could, but with no formal scientific education

and lacking the standings of a Nobel Prize, he couldn't persuade the scientific community

that phage was a virus and not a self-perpetuating lytic enzyme.

Nevertheless, the medical results couldn't be ignored

and doctors across Western Europe successfully tested Phage Therapy it against a variety of diseases.

And in 1924 d'Hérelle received an honorary doctorate of the University of Leiden,

as well as the Leeuwenhoek medal, placing him alongside his idol Louis Pasteur.

But it was not until the electron microscopy was developed in Germany in 1939 that d'Herelle's

viral conception of phage would be vindicated, and even then World War II limited the distribution

of scientific literature out of Germany.

And the then known status of phage as a virus led to a marketing issue.

Scientists and the public alike were intrigued by the virus "at the edge of life",

but patients could be off put by a treatment involving a living agent.

Regardless, by this point D'Herelle had left the West, to help establish an institute

to study phage and phage therapy in the Soviet Republic of Georgia in 1934.

Without the profit requirements of capitalism, Phage therapy was widely employed in the Soviet Union

who also lacked access to the antibiotics being developed in the west.

This operation became large, employing 1200 people and producing two tons of phage each week,

mostly for use by the Soviet military.

However this resulted in another marketing issue.

In the aftermath of World War II, with the cold war governing international relations,

all things "communist" became suspect in the West.

This included Soviet Science, and phage therapy was now Soviet Science.

As Gunther Stent, one of the early bacteriophage biologists and Graduate Professor at the University

of California in Berkeley wrote as phage therapy was fading into obscurity:

"… as late as World War II, bacteriophages were said to have found employ in the medical

services of the German and Japanese armies, and even today the medical use of bacteriophages

still persists in some out-of-the-way places".

Being associated with America's enemy's, especially the out of the way places understood at the

time to be the Soviet Union, resulted in phage therapy becoming something to be quickly dismissed.

But now with the rise of superbugs interest in phage therapy is increasing.

Phage not only provide an opportunity as an alternative treatment for antibiotic resistant bacteria

but modified viruses could turn the CAS9 protein the bacteria normally uses to defend itself

againced the bacteria to make modifications to the bacteria's own genome - with CRISPR

potentially solving the problem of bacterial resistance to the phage, as well as allowing patents.

And speaking of CRISPR, my wife made a video on that the medical uses of this technique

over on her channel, Crazy Little Things, so go check it out, links in all the usual places.

For more infomation >> Why don't we use Viruses to Fight Diseases for Us? - Duration: 6:17.

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Will JAPAN go BANKRUPT because of the OLYMPICS? - VisualPolitik EN - Duration: 13:10.

Japan is to economics what Axl Rose is to music business.

They both rocked in the late 80s and beginning of the 90s, then they started losing ground

and nowadays, anytime they try to make a comeback, the results are… pretty disappointing.

I know what you are thinking… from the first glance, Japan doesn't seem to be that bad,

right?

They have the videogames, the anime movies and world class tech behemoths.

And their capital, Tokyo, looks like a Scy-Fy city.

It is the World's biggest metropolis, with over 30 M people, and they have the fastest

trains, the most modern TVs and even human-like robots.

Nonetheless, this country has been 2 decades without no economic growth.

And this is not the worst!

Japan is the most indebted country in the whole planet.

They owe more than twice their entire GDP.

And their population is decreasing faster than anywhere else, which poses a big problem

in order to pay retirement pensions.

This is one of the reasons why Japanese workers make crazy hours and have almost no vacations.

And those good old technological juggernauts like HITACHI or PANASONIC are falling behind

the more modern companies from China or America.

But hold on just a second because things might change!

Yes, I'm talking about the TOKYO OLIMPICS, 2020.

A peerless opportunity to make to showcase the whole country and get the world's attention.

Yes, my dear viewers… since Japan won the Olimpic bid, in the year 2013, tourism has

skyrocketed from one day to the other.

And the same goes with private investment.

By that year 2020, Tokyo will have 45 brand new skyscrapers.

Nothing more and nothing less.

And companies like PANASONIC will set state of the art solar cells all over the place

so people can charge their electric cars.

If this was not enough, SONY will launch their brand new 8K TV screens.

Yep, you heard that right.

If 4K was not enough, now we will have 8K so you will be able to see even the microfiber

of the athletes Tshirts.

But hold on just a second because… not everything is as beautiful!

You see, when Tokyo won the Olympic bid, they budgeted them in 6.5 billion dollars.

But once they started with the building, the costs have doubled.

And they haven't even finished!

In fact, Tokyo's city hall has predicted the total cost might end up near the 20 billion

USD.

So the question is… would this Summer Olympic Games be an opportunity for Japan… or the

opposite?

Are Olympic Games as good for a country's economy as some people say?

Today we are gonna answer all of this questions but, before, let's take a look back at history.

AN OLYMPIC FALACY?

Few things spark nacional pride as much as Olympic games.

Of course, we all like to brag about the gold medals our country has.

But what really inflames patriotism the most is to become an Olympic host.

The excitement it generates is so big that everyone, regardless of their ideology, seems

to think that organizing an event like this is a good thing for the country.

Nonetheless, inside the economists field, things are not that clear.

In fact… the arguments in favour of hosting Olympics are a little bit like… hmm… how

should I say?

They are so inconsistent they could be a tweet written by Donald Trump

According to a paper from the Bank of Japan, the effects of the Olympics are so good that

you can tell even before they have been celebrated.

More specifically, the same year the International Olympic Committee named Tokyo as the host

city, everyone started to see Japan as a perfect place for investment.

Remember that we are talking about a paper from an institution as prestigious as the

Bank of Japan.

This would be the Japanese equivalent to the American Federal Reserve.

This said, one of their main arguments is that, if your city gets to be an Olympic host,

the whole country can join all those big organizations every country would like to be a member of.

Want examples?

Here you have examples!

Barcelona got the nomination in 1986 and…

BOOM!

That very same year, they joined the European Union.

Beijing was nominated in 2001 and…

BOOM!

That year they joined the World Trade Organization.

What do you say?

It seems like nobody could argue this train of thoughs, right?

Well… wait a second because this is a textbook example of a correlation fallacy.

In other words, the fact that Spain joined the EU the same year Barcelona got chosen

as the Olympic host does not mean one thing caused the other.

In fact, Portugal also joined the EU on the same year without hosting anything.

And the same happened with China.

On the same times, other Asian countries joined the WTO without organizing no sport events.

But I know what you are gonna tell me now!

Hey Simon, what about the international attention?

During two weeks, the whole world is going to put their eyes in Japan.

We are talking about the biggest sport event in the world.

Or maybe not?

You see, the London Olympics 2012 got an average audience of, around 31 million people in America.

To make a comparison, this is twice as much as a Game of Thrones episode.

Yes, it's not bad.

But… what happened with the rest of the games?

For example, Sochi Winter Olympics, 2014, didn't even get to have 22 million viewers

in the States.

And Rio 2016 was around 26 million.

This might look big to you, guys, but is nothing if we compare it with a much cheaper event

like the SUPERBOWL.

The 2016 Superbowl surpassed 110 million viewers.

In other words, even though Olympics are watched all around the world, when you look at the

audiences country by country, the figures are not so impressive.

And this means that the perception that people have about a country does not change.

At least, it doesn't change… for good…

In a study of the impact of the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australian researchers interviewed

people one year before and after the Games.

They found little change in perceptions, with one surprising wrinkle: South Africans had

soured on Australia "because of the way in which the Aboriginal issue was highlighted

and portrayed by the South African media,"

Nonetheless, there is one thing where it seems fair to agree: Olympic games kickstart your

tourism industry.

Actually, since Tokyo was chosen as the Olympic host, tourism in Japan has skyrocketed.

They almost didn't have tourists in 2013 and now they surpassed 24 million people last

year.

You can say a brand new industry has been born in Japan.

And this is an industry that attracts lots of foreign money…

Who wouldn't be happy with this?

Well… hold on a minute because even this figures can be argued.

Of course, tourism in Japan has increased a lot.

But… do you know of other countries with a booming tourism sector? Chile and Thailand.

They have grown at a similar rate as Japan.

And… don't even google it because I will tell you here: none of this two countries

is planning to host any Olympics.

The Thailand example is pretty paradigmatic.

They get 6 million more tourists than Japan with half of its population.

And their tourism growth is directly correlated to that of the Chinese middle class.

In other words, as Chinese people have more money, they want to do sight seeing… and

where do they go?

Of course!

They go to countries that are nearby and have beautiful things to see!

But I know what you are thinking!

Despite the Olympics not being that profitable as they seem… what's the problem if Tokyo

wants to have Olympics?

Who doesn't like to have a giant stadium on his city, huh?

Well… let's have a look at this right now.

GOLD MEDALLIST…

IN SPENDING!

We all know it…

Olympics are costly.

From one day to the other, Tokyo will have to build an Olympic Stadium to host more than

80,000 people.

And also, they have to impress them with lights and colors.

But it doesn't stop here!

They need other special venues for the many competitions that are held at the same time.

Each of the sports have its own specifications.

Athletism requires different things than swimming or canoeing.

In summary, 31 venues will be built or remodelated for this Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games.

Add to this the media centre, which is another big White Elephant and, on the top of it,

the Olympic Villa.

This is short of a small town where more than 10,000 athelets will live during the time

the Olympics are held.

And, as you can imagine, this will not be cheap, either.

The total cost for this was meant to be 6.5 billion USD.

At least, this is the figure given by the local authorities to the International Olympic

Committee in 2013.

But, you know, one thing is the theory and another thing is the reality…

Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games costs just keep rising

By December 2017, Tokyo City Hall had already spent over 12 billions.

And just a couple of months later, the local authorities said that, at least, they will

end up spending 20 billiones!

And maybe, this figure will keep rising before they burn the Olympic flame…

In fact, nothing of this is a surprise.

Since we have memory, every Olympic Games have cost overrun.

And we are not talking about little pennies here!

Rio de Janeiro 2016 ended up being 51% more expensive than expected.

But the record, so far, is Montreal 1976, that costed 700% more than the initial budget.

Yes, you heard this right.

This is 8 times more that what it was planned at the beginning.

And now you might wonder…

All this billion dollars are little or big money for a government?

I mean… compared with the normal spending in a big city hall… is this a big number?

Well, the answer is a big YES.

For a better understanding, with 20 billion USD you could build, for instance, a highway

that connected the extreme north of Japan to their extreme South.

But wait a minute because this is not the worst of all!

You see… an airport or a highway can and up being a waste of money.

But, still, you can always reutilize it.

A country with better infrastructures and communication can have better companies in

the future, brand new industries or better public services.

But what do you do with an Olympic stadium that can host 80,000 people?

Well… if we look at past examples, the answer is pretty much bitter…

Rio Olympic venues already falling into a state of disrepair

Rio de Janeiro example is pretty harsh.

Despite having Olympics, they still have entire neighbourhoods that are not even connected

to the city centre by a bus line.

And the place where the Olympic Villa has is becoming a slum.

But wait a minute because this is not the only example.

Athens Olympic site in ruins 10 years on from 2004 Games

Add to this the fact that Japan is the most indebted country in the planet.

They owe a sum equivalent to 230% of their GDP.

The government is already struggling to pay the retirement pensions and they have been

2 years without any economic growth whatsoever.

So now this is your turn…

Do you think the Tokyo Olympics 2020 will mean the ruin of Japan?

Or maybe, against the odds, Japan will take some advantage of hosting this event?

Please, leave your answer in the comment section below.

And if you wanna know more about this Japanese failed economy, click on this video.

Also, visit our friends from RECONSIDER MEDIA at RECONSIDERA MEDIA.COM, this is the podcast

that provided the voices on this audio that are not mine.

And don't forget that we publish brand new videos every Monday and every Thursday so

hit that subscribe button and you will not miss any post.

If you liked this video, please, give us a thumbs up and, as always…

I see you next time.

For more infomation >> Will JAPAN go BANKRUPT because of the OLYMPICS? - VisualPolitik EN - Duration: 13:10.

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Unboxing of Mecedes Benz S-Class 1:18 Scale Diecast Model - Duration: 5:37.

What's Up? Guyz

This is Wajahat Ahmad

from Innorative

and today I'm unboxing the Diecast Model 1:18 Scale

version of Mercedes Benz S-Class

in Black color by Norve

so let's start unboxing without wasting time

For more infomation >> Unboxing of Mecedes Benz S-Class 1:18 Scale Diecast Model - Duration: 5:37.

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Jurgen Klopp's assistant Zeljko Buvac to miss remainder of season for "personal reasons" - Duration: 4:01.

Jurgen Klopp's assistant Zeljko Buvac to miss remainder of season for "personal reasons"

Liverpools backroom staff will be one man light for the remainder of the season, with assistant Zeljko Buvac leaving his role.

Liverpool insist Buvac remains a club employee and that he has left for personal reasons but the timing is extraordinary and concerning ahead of a huge week for the club.

Theres also the wider question of Buvacs long-term future to consider, with the suggestion still prevalent that he will not return in the summer.

Liverpool play Roma in the Champions League semi-final on Wednesday, before a crucial Premier League match at Chelsea over the weekend which could define their top-four challenge.

Buvac has been Jurgen Klopps assistant since 2001, when the duo were at Mainz, and has been referred to as the brain of the coaching setup by the Reds boss.

The club say Buvac will miss the remainder of the 2017/18 campaign due to personal reasons, but he remains an employee of the club and has not quit his post.

While that is doubtless factually correct, supporters will be reading somewhat more into the matter.

At a crucial juncture of the season, the only relevant matter is full focus on the second leg in Rome—and everything else needs to be set aside.

With rumours of a big fall-out between Klopp and Buvac rife, theres every possibility that the club are simply filing this incident under deal with it later.

No sideshows or distractions can be allowed to derail the season at this point, and a personal reasons tag for Buvacs absence allows the matter to be dealt with quietly and when there is more time available.

Journalist Raphael Honigstein, who has published books on Klopp and his managerial career, points out that the two have a volatile relationship which has had highs and lows.

Even so, the Mirror report that Buvac tendered his resignation, heightening the probability he will not return in the summer.

Elsewhere, Paul Joyce of the Times reports that Klopp hopes Buvac will return, but that it appears unlikely, writing:.

The Liverpool manager Klopp will hope his right hand man can return, but if Buvac feels he does not want to be around the club at present when European ambitions are on the line it is difficult to envisage that changing.

Fans will doubtless be reminded of similar incidents which have occurred at Anfield over the last decade or two.

Both Rafa Benitez and Gerard Houllier split from their long-time assistants, Pako Ayesteran and Patrice Bergues respectively.

More recently, Brendan Rodgers was manager of the Reds when he opted to sack long-time assistant Colin Pascoe.

For Klopp, he will continue with Peter Krawietz at his side until the end of the campaign and hell take on more responsibility for the time being.

For more infomation >> Jurgen Klopp's assistant Zeljko Buvac to miss remainder of season for "personal reasons" - Duration: 4:01.

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Sean Cox latest, caution over Gerrard move & Reds linked with duo – Liverpool FC News Roundup - Duration: 7:58.

Sean Cox latest, caution over Gerrard move & Reds linked with duo – Liverpool FC News Roundup

As the Reds prepare for their Champions League semi-final second leg, it has been a busy day of news all-round.

Heres the media on Liverpool from Monday.

Assistant Buvac on leave for personal reasons Fans react to Buvac news Italian media claim Emre Can agrees Juve move Liverpool and UK Government issue travel advice.

Medics aim to bring Sean Cox out of coma.

Doctors hope to revive Sean Cox out of his coma later on Monday.

BBC News report that the Reds fan, attacked outside the Albert Pub ahead of the first leg at Anfield last week, has been at the Walton Neurological Centre since the attack.

He was put in a medically induced coma to aid his recovery from head injuries.

Two Italian men were charged over the pre-game incidents, with neither entering a plea thus far.

They are expected back in court on May 24.

Monchi pleads with Roma fans.

As tensions rise ahead of the second leg on the back of the attack on Cox, Romas sporting director Monchi has added his name to those asking for calm.

The Spaniard demanded fans set a good example both before and during the game at the Stadio Olimpico.

The history of this team says only twice before have we had this possibility – in 1984 and now.

Id like Rome to be decked out in yellow and red, and for all the fans to hang banners on their balconies to show the world that Rome supports Roma.

Theres a lot of talk about violence right now, so lets show everyone that Roma fans are not violent.

Monchi also added he hoped Cox could recover to cheer for his team.

Nevin cautions over Gerrard Rangers move.

Liverpool legend and current U18 boss Steven Gerrard is being courted by Rangers for their vacant managerial position for next season.

While the rumours have been ongoing, there is not yet any firm decision from the former midfielder over taking the role.

And Pat Nevin, a former Scotland international and current BBC Sport analyst, says Rangers should look to the past and another ex-Red as a warning: John Barnes at Celtic.

You look at John Barnes at Celtic and it didnt work – a guy who was brought in when the backing didnt seem to be there, Nevin told BBC Scotland.

Everyone looks back at that as a nightmare and disaster.

If you look back at the figures, it wasnt as bad as people remember it was.

It just shows you what happens if you get on the wrong side of what is expected of you here.

And, if you are Steven Gerrard at Rangers, you are expected to beat Celtic in the league.

We know every coaching job is a risky one when you bring anyone in.

But, when you bring a rookie in, it is particularly difficult.

It is massively risky..

Other media reports have suggested Gerrard is waiting to hear what financial backing hell be given in the transfer market before taking on his first senior role in management.

Reds target Maddison set to be sold.

Transfer rumours continue to swirl around the Reds ahead of the summer window, and the latest reports suggest they might be one step closer to a target of Jurgen Klopps.

Norwich City midfielder James Maddison has been given a £30 million price tag by his club according to the Mirror, with the Canaries conceding theyll have to sell their star man at the end of the season.

Maddison has been in good scoring form this term, netting 15 goals and winning the clubs Player of the Year award.

Man City, as well as the Reds, are strongly linked with the 21-year-old.

Reds in battle for Brazilian wonderkid Rodrygo.

And the rumours dont stop in England; the Reds are set to go head-to-head with the likes of Barcelona and Man United for the latest Brazilian sensation, report the Mail.

Rodrygo is just 17 but has a release clause of £45 million at Santos.

He shot to prominence after becoming the youngest goalscorer in the Copa Libertadores, with the report suggesting some Brazilians claim he can be better than Vinicius Jr.

The forward will not be available for transfer until he turns 18 in January next year, but the Reds have already been monitoring him for a year.

Keita team-mate praises midfielder.

Finally, Reds fans are in for a treat next term when Naby Keita joins.

Thats the view of team-mate Yussuf Poulsen, who says Keita is on a very high level.

I think that most of the fans of Liverpool already watched him play, he told Omnisport (via Goal.

com).

He is a superb player on a very high level.

He shows what he can do with the ball even if its not going well for the team at this time.

His last goal against Hoffenheim where he fakes out three people.

He hit the post and then the ball went in.

There are not many players in the world who can do that kind of thing.

He is one of the few and not only the fans, but also his team-mates should be looking forward to that.

For more infomation >> Sean Cox latest, caution over Gerrard move & Reds linked with duo – Liverpool FC News Roundup - Duration: 7:58.

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Trent Alexander-Arnold ready for biggest 'physical and mental' test of his Liverpool career - Duration: 4:06.

Trent Alexander-Arnold ready for biggest 'physical and mental' test of his Liverpool career

Liverpool youngster Trent Alexander-Arnold faces arguably the toughest test of his short career so far in Rome on Wednesday but the teenager is confident what he has learned will stand him in good stead.

The 19-year-old came in for criticism after being exposed by Manchester United's Marcus Rashford and Crystal Palace's Wilfried Zaha in quick succession in March but has bounced back with a string of good performances.

However, Roma's Stadio Olimpico is likely to be the fiercest atmosphere the teenager has faced even if Liverpool carry a 5-2 advantage into the Champions League semi-final second leg.

But he insists he is up to the task.

"We are going there with a job to do, to go there and win," he said.

"I try not to (get fazed).

Obviously we know it is going to be an intimidating atmosphere and that is what they will look to do just as our fans did to them.

"We have to be prepared mentally and physically.

Asked how he will cope, Liverpool-born Alexander-Arnold said: "Just think as mature as possible.

Look at the players around you and what they do in this situation.

"The senior players have helped me.

Maybe earlier in the season I would not have made the decisions I do now.

I can see what I could do better and it prepares me.

"You train all your life – for years – for these types of games and these chances.

Everything I have done so far is to prepare me for a game like Wednesday.".

The England Under-21 international, who has a chance of making Gareth Southgate's senior squad for this summer's World Cup, admits his ordeal at Old Trafford was a significant moment in his season.

"A tough game, a tough day.

One of those you learn from," he added.

"The mistakes I made that day I learned from to make sure it does not happen again.

"I have tried to bounce back from them and prove myself with good performances from that day.

If Alexander-Arnold, who grew up within walking distance of Liverpool's Melwood training ground, is feeling the pressure he does a good job of hiding it and has taken great encouragement from messages on social media.

"Recently I had loads of things saying I have now played the same number of Champions League games (10) as Everton.

That was quite funny.

I enjoyed seeing that," he said.

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