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Hello there!
This is the "Sounds American" channel.
In this video,
we're going to talk about the American consonant sound /s/,
as in the word "sun."
You can also hear this sound in words like
"sleep" - "place" -"dress" or "horse."
We'll be using a special phonetic symbol - /s/ - for this sound.
As usual, let's begin with some phonology.
Don't panic, it's not complicated :).
The /s/ belongs to a category of consonant sounds called the fricatives.
This is the largest group of consonants in American English:
it consists of nine different sounds!
Take a look:
So, why are they called the fricative consonants?
All these sounds are made by partially blocking the air moving through your mouth,
which creates an audible friction.
Speaking about the /s/ consonant,
this sound is made by partially blocking the air
flowing between the tip of your tongue and your alveolar ridge.
The /s/ is one of the most common sounds in the world.
Most of you are familiar with it and probably have this consonant in your native language.
As always, we did our best to make this video worthy of your time.
However, you don't have to watch it if you're confident in your American /s/ sound.
We'll understand.
For those of you who're still with us,
let's find it out how to make this sound.
Slightly open your mouth.
Now, focus on the position of the tip of your tongue.
Raise the tip of your tongue to your alveolar ridge,
but don't touch it.
Make sure there's a small gap between them.
Now, release a stream of air over your tongue.
When the air flows between the tip of your tongue
and the alveolar ridge towards your upper teeth,
it'll create lots of noise.
Something like this:
Remember, all the fricatives are continuous sounds
and the /s/ is no exception.
So, let's try and stretch it out.
Ready?
Good.
Let's do it again:
Here are a few typical mistakes that people make when pronouncing this sound.
The most common problem is
that many non-native English speakers replace the /s/ with the /ʃ/ consonant,
especially when it occurs before vowels or and the end of words.
The /s/ gets distorted
when you raise the blade of your tongue toward the roof of your mouth.
Compare:
See how it may lead to misunderstandings?
Combinations of two consonants
starting with the /s/ sound
are very common in English.
For example, the word "Spanish."
However,
in Spanish
there always has to be a vowel before the /s/.
For example,
Sorry for our accent :).
So, many Spanish speakers
involuntarily add a vowel before the initial /s/ when they speak English.
Strictly speaking,
they don't mispronounce the /s/ sound itself,
but it's still a common problem.
We'll practice words with the initial /s/ sound in a minute.
Another typical problem
is that the /s/ is distorted or dropped at the end of words.
This happens because in some languages
words never end with fricative sounds.
In English, however, it happens all the time!
Take a look at what happens if you drop the final /s/
or replace it with another sound.
Last but not least,
don't forget about the Vowel Length rule!
The /s/ is a voiceless consonant,
so vowel sounds before the /s/
are typically shorter, than they are before its voiced counterpart,
the /z/ consonant.
Compare:
We talked about the Vowel Length rule in detail in one of our previous videos.
Don't forget to check the link in the Description below!
Ok,
OK, after lots of theory, it's time to practice!
We know you were looking forward to it :).
This is how it works:
You'll see a word on the screen
and hear its pronunciation,
like this:
You'll have a few seconds to pronounce the word:
♪
Try to practice as many words, as possible,
this is the most important part of the whole lesson.
Let's start with the /s/ at the beginning of words.
Let's pause for a second
and review how you're making the /s/ sound.
Make sure you don't touch the alveolar ridge with the tip of your tongue.
Now we'll practice making this sound in the middle of words.
Awesome!
Now let's practice pronouncing words with the /s/ sound at the end.
Don't forget that this is a continuous sound
and you have to make the vowel before it short.
Let's do it.
You're done!
Congratulations!
Hey, did you know that in English
the letter 's' can represent both the voiceless /s/ and the voiced /z/ sounds?
Yes, that's right!
Compare:
Why does this happen?
Honestly, we've no idea.
Let us know if you do!
Did we ever say that we LIKE your comments?
Here's a good one:
One of our viewers said that the final stop sounds are difficult to pronounce
and asked if they were totally silent.
This is an excellent question!
The final stops are always pronounced.
However,
they are made without a puff of air
and that's why they may seem like they're silent.
This is called the Final Stop rule
and we covered it in our special Stop Sounds Overview video.
As usual, the link is in the Description box below!
Click "Like" if you liked this video.
Share this video with your friends, pets, and relatives.
Don't forget to subscribe and stay tuned on our Sounds American channel!
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