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Velocity is calculated from depth and time to build a laterally varying velocity model,
often referred to as a layer cake model.
You will need pairs of time or depth or velocity horizons.
This example model will use time and velocity horizon pairs.
The velocity horizon can be created in many ways,
but a common method is to grid pseudo well velocities calculated from well intervals.
First open a map view and review the horizons.
They should have the same geometry across the area to be depth converted
and the units should be meters per second or feet per second
Open the process tab and create a new Volume Maths process.
The name that you give the process will become the name of the velocity volume you create.
Select a seismic volume.
Although this is not required for 3D data,
the input volume inline/crossline range can be used to quickly define the output volume range,
even though the amplitude values are not part of the process.
In the formula box, use an IF statement to select one velocity horizon above the conditional time horizon,
and another velocity horizon below.
In this example I have constant velocity 1500 m/s above horizon H1
and a varying velocity horizon, Vel2 below.
Set the output geometry to be at least 100 meters by 100 meters in the XY axis,
and 24 milliseconds in the z axis to keep processing time efficient.
You need to set the volume class to interval velocity for it to be displayed correctly.
Set the min and Max range to match the class settings
QC the model using the section view.
For additional layers, add the additional time structure and the additional velocity grids and
continue to build a nested structure, where the second variable becomes a new IF statement.
I'm going to include the additional velocity and two additional time horizons in the project.
Again the sea layer is set to fifteen hundred meters per second
The half space is set to three thousand five hundred meters per second and the two layers in between are set to varying velocity horizons.
Insights amazing volume math flexibility means that models can have as many layers as required
and can be generated for 2d or 3d data.
Changing the input to a 2d volume creates the velocity on a 2d survey.
More complex V0-K functions can also be applied using the same technique.
Simply replace the single velocity horizon with a V0-K function, where V0 is a horizon rather than the constant.
Now velocity can clearly be seen to vary laterally as well as vertically.
If you have questions or would like to discover more then visit our website at www.dug.com
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