-------------------------------------------
I got the FACE. Philip MARVIN at the festival of VIDEOGERA and Videoppl Ukraine - Duration: 11:01.
For more infomation >> I got the FACE. Philip MARVIN at the festival of VIDEOGERA and Videoppl Ukraine - Duration: 11:01. -------------------------------------------
[ซับไทย] Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain | Part 1 | Prologue | S Rank All Tasks & Bonus - Duration: 1:00:22.
For more infomation >> [ซับไทย] Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain | Part 1 | Prologue | S Rank All Tasks & Bonus - Duration: 1:00:22. -------------------------------------------
5 contractions in spoken French - Improve your French #7 - Duration: 3:46.
Hello everyone, it's Pierrick.
In this video I'm going to show you 5 contractions in spoken French.
First before talking to you about the 5 contractions in spoken French. I wanted to tell you
that you should not forget that we make contractions in spoken French but we do not write them.
You should keep in mind that we don't write these contractions.
So the first contraction I wanted to talk to you about
is the contraction of "je" with the following verb which starts with an "s".
For example "je suis" will turn into "chuis" in spoken French.
For example I can say, "Je suis (chuis) allé au cinéma la nuit dernière".
The second contraction I wanted to talk to you about is the contraction of "je".
We drop the "e" of the "je" pronoun.
For example we say, "Je te (j'te) l'avais dit".
We shrink the "je" and "te" and say "je te (j'te) l'avais dit".
It's the same thing, and it's the third contraction, with "tu".
We drop the "u" for "tu",
for example, we say: "Tu as (t'as) raison."
We write "tu as raison" but we say "t'as raison".
The 4th contraction I wanted to talk to you about is the contraction of "il y a" that will turn into "y'a".
For "il y a" we only pronounce "y'a".
For example we say: "Il y a (y'a) 5 ans j'habitais à Annecy".
We say "y'a 5 ans j'habitais à Annecy" instead of saying "il y a 5 ans j'habitais à Annecy".
The 5th contraction I wanted to talk to you about is a common contraction. It's to drop the "ne" in negative sentences.
To make a negative sentence we need to use "ne" and "pas" but we often drop the "ne" in spoken French.
For example we say: "Ce n'est (c'est) pas possible".
Instead of saying "ce n'est pas possible", we say "c'est pas possible".
So we drop the "e" of "ce", the "n'" and we say "c'est pas possible".
I personally use these contractions in spoken French.
On the other hand, the more formal the conversation, the more I pronounce every syllable of the sentence
and I avoid contractions.
The more the conversation is formal and the less contractions I make.
And the more I want to express myself clearly, obviously the fewer contractions I make.
I use them a lot on a daily basis but I wanted to tell you to be careful not to use them too many times,
specifically in formal situations.
I hope you enjoyed this video, thank you for watching.
Feel free to subscribe for more videos.
You can get the audio file and the subtiles of this video on my Patreon page.
And I'll see you next time!
-------------------------------------------
Musical.ly part 19 LONG EDITION! :D - Duration: 5:17.
JGamer, Subscribe,Like,And Comment
-------------------------------------------
Mazda 6 2.2D SKYLEASE NAVI/ECC/TREKHAAK - Duration: 1:01.
For more infomation >> Mazda 6 2.2D SKYLEASE NAVI/ECC/TREKHAAK - Duration: 1:01. -------------------------------------------
BMW X5 3.0d High Executive, 7-Pers, Xenon, Panaroma, Head Up ! - Duration: 1:03.
For more infomation >> BMW X5 3.0d High Executive, 7-Pers, Xenon, Panaroma, Head Up ! - Duration: 1:03. -------------------------------------------
Volvo V50 2.0D Kinetic 1e Eigenaar Dealeronderhouden - Duration: 1:00.
For more infomation >> Volvo V50 2.0D Kinetic 1e Eigenaar Dealeronderhouden - Duration: 1:00. -------------------------------------------
MINI 1.6 Cooper D, Panaromadak, Navi, Leder, Climate, Xenon, pdc ! - Duration: 0:56.
For more infomation >> MINI 1.6 Cooper D, Panaromadak, Navi, Leder, Climate, Xenon, pdc ! - Duration: 0:56. -------------------------------------------
Jaguar X-Type 2.0 D Sport - Duration: 0:55.
For more infomation >> Jaguar X-Type 2.0 D Sport - Duration: 0:55. -------------------------------------------
(Free) Real 90s Underground Old School Hip Hop Instrumental Rap Beat // Prod. D-Low Beats - Duration: 4:06.
Buy 1 get 3 for free (add 4 beats) Buy 2 get 6 for free (add 8 beats) www.d-lowbeats.net
-------------------------------------------
What's Inside A Pro Cyclist's Suitcase? With Simon Geschke Of Team Sunweb - Duration: 6:48.
- I'm here, in an Italian hotel,
about to rifle through the suitcase of
Simon Geschke of Team Sunweb.
Looks like there's some washing outside.
Don't know who's that is.
Probably his, don't know whether
he's dropping it off or picking it up.
(knocking)
Hopefully he's in.
Here's the man himself,
with one of the best beards in the World Tour
forward slash Peloton.
- Hey man.
- Simon Geschke. - Hi.
- So how are you? You good?
- So far so good, yeah.
One of the nicest days of the week, I guess.
- Good stuff, well can I come in
and have a look in your room?
Well, primarily in your suitcase.
So, one things for sure, Simon.
This suitcase has character.
- Yeah.
- Let's put it that way.
So you want to show us around as best you can?
- I try, yeah.
I don't know where to start, actually.
Some spare clothes, definitely,
always new jerseys.
TT suit, shoes, at the moment I just wear my slippers.
- Okay.
- Like a german on vacation.
(laughing)
Always in style.
Also warmer stuff, tomorrow on top of the Stelvio
it's maximum seven degrees I heard, so.
- Okay, that's gonna be a cold day so.
- And sometimes you have to go down
from the mountain to finish so--
- You need something like this.
- It's always good to have a bigger jacket with you.
- Okay, so a nice, big, thick winter jacket
basically, isn't it?
- Yeah, yeah.
- All your kit is marked, isn't it?
Like, your name on the back of the collar there.
- Yeah, Exactly, very handy.
- And also inside the shorts,
because it can be a bit of a nightmare,
there's a little bit of labelling in the shorts.
- [Simon] You don't want to wear
someone else's shorts for sure.
- No you don't, sir, that's a big no-no, there we go.
What, I'm interested in this green bag.
What have we got in here?
- It's because (laughing)
it's always easy, because it's so well organised,
usually I don't need it, but if it's really messy,
now it looks alright, but if it gets really messy,
it's always easy to find my small things.
- Ah, so you've got your passport--
- If you have all your small things flying around
in the suitcase it really sucks.
- So it's like a nice
sort of organising-- - There's charging cables.
- My keys of my house and passport.
- So basically all of your important stuff
are in the green bag.
- Yeah, exactly.
- By the way, who are you sharing with in this,
who are you sharing with?
- I'm with a other German on the team
and in the whole Giro.
We are the only two Germans here,
so it's Phil Bauhaus.
- Phil Bauhaus
a great young sprinter - He didn't mind.
- He's a great guy.
- Exactly.
- Is he messy or is he clean?
- We are, when you look at his suitcase--
- [Matt] It's not much better than yours, really.
- [Simon] Just as messy as me, yeah.
- Clearly, because it's Phil's first Grand Tour isn't it?
- Exactly.
- Obviously your style is rubbing off on him
in terms of the disorganised element.
- I teach him all the bad things.
(laughing)
- So this is mostly, like, it's all your under jerseys.
- Undershirts, yeah, also didn't need them that much.
I also didn't need my beanie that much,
'cause that's pretty warm.
- It's an open top Etxeondo, so it's a team-issued beanie.
- [Simon] Yeah, it's nice.
- Open top, look at that, with a little pull on it.
- Yeah, you can have it as a scarf also.
- Very nice, very nice.
- Private shoe bag.
- Private shoe bag.
- The guys will love it, guilty.
- Guilty 76 of Frankfurt, very nice.
- Nice little present.
- Oh, it looks like we have a guest.
Phil Bauhaus, hi Phil, I'm Matt.
- Hello, hi.
- This was not t'd up.
I'm Matt, just hang around we're just filming.
- [Simon] A surprise.
- This is normal behaviour.
Okay, so what about in this second compartment there.
- Here is also stuff I don't always need.
So there is a little bit you might not
see it at the first view, but there is
a little bit of organisation in here.
So, some spare socks, to always look nice.
My heart rate belt that I didn't use so far at the Giro.
I don't like watching it, my heart rate.
Spare race gloves.
A book which I do not read so much.
- Peter James, nice time.
- Peter James, yeah, it's in English so
it's quite rough for me to read.
- Fair enough.
- I've had it since two years and I'm halfway now.
- A very steady reader. - So sometimes I read.
- It's good to see that you're reading though.
Just take your time.
- One of my big hobbies.
- So what are these, I'm intrigued.
- This is interesting, isn't it?
- It is.
- It's shoe dryers.
- Shoe dryers?
- Wet shoes? It's perfect.
You just--
- This is the best thing I think I might have ever seen.
Yeah.
- Phil, what do you say, shoe dryers.
- [Phil] Yeah.
- They are unbelievable.
It's even, it's UV light, so it's antibacterial
so they also don't smell that bad.
- Wow.
- So whenever you race in the rain,
you just put them overnight in your shoes,
it gets warm after a while,
doesn't make a sound or anything.
- Well, I'll tell you what, I didn't even know
those existed, let alone on a bike race.
But that, we could end the tour here
and it would be the best suitcase tour.
- Seriously, never leaving the house
to a race without them.
Chocolate.
- Oh, a bit of chocolate.
Is that dark chocolate?
- For rest day.
- Oh yeah, 70 percent cocoa, real nice, bitter.
- Vegan, because I don't like cow milk.
- Oh, okay, so you're a bit of a chocolate fan.
- Yeah, yeah.
- Good stuff.
Good for the morale as well.
Definitely good for the morale.
- Sure, this will stay here for later today.
- And you've got a little speaker system as well.
- Yeah, speakers, because I really like it
to have music and a massage, just chilling.
- [Matt] Does Phil get a say about
the music that you listen to in the room?
- No, no, because he's a neo, and I'm way older.
(laughing)
- I love it, the hierarchy is just genius.
I love it, I love it.
Now as well as your cycling prowess,
how do you keep your beard
in such good order on a Grand Tour?
Do you have any other equipment with you,
maybe in the bathroom?
- In the bathroom, yeah.
- Should we go have a quick look, just a quick look.
- We'll go over to the barbershop.
This is where the magic happens.
This,
very easy, and I have handmade
beard balm from Belgium.
- Okay.
- I got that from a lady from Belgium, she produces it.
- That runs off the tongue, doesn't it?
Beard Balm from Belgium.
- Yeah.
(Crosstalk)
- Can I have a little smell?
- Yeah. - Is that alright?
- It quite smells good.
- Yeah, it's good.
- It's quite masculine.
- So it's basically these two things
and when the beard gets a little bit longer
or also for trimming I use this.
- Okay. - That's it.
- So how long do you spend on your beard every day?
Or do you just do it every few days?
- Once per week.
- Once per week, okay.
It's looking a bit wispy, might need a bit of work.
There's a couple little long ones.
- Yeah, it's a rest day for the beard also.
(laughing)
- Well I hope you enjoyed that tour
of Simon Geschke's suitcase.
Now, if you don't want to miss
another Global Cycle Network video,
you can click on the globe to subscribe for free.
Now, for another suitcase tour
from this year's Giro d'Italia, click just down here
for Manuel Quinziato's suitcase
and click just down here for a tour
of the Mini Cooper S, team car of Sunweb.
- Alright, can you leave now, because Phil and me need rest.
- Cheers, mate.
- Thanks.
-------------------------------------------
DROPPING Like Flies! ANOTHER Democrat Busted For Fraud! - Duration: 11:23.
DROPPING Like Flies!
ANOTHER Democrat Busted For Fraud!
Former Florida congresswoman Corrine Brown was convicted of misusing campaign funds and
donations to a charity.
The charity was supposedly intended to provide scholarships for students, but it only awarded
one worth $1,200.
The rest of the money, nearly $800,000, appears to have been funneled to the personal accounts
of Brown and her staff.
Brown, a long-time member of Congress, lost her bid for reelection in 2016 amid these
charges.
Now another Democrat, this time a sitting congressman, is facing similar charges.
According to American Lookout, Rep. Bobby Rush (D-Ill.) has been accused of misusing
campaign funds.
Hundreds of thousands of dollars of campaign funds have made their way into the bank accounts
of Rush's wife and other organizations in which Rush is personally involved.
The Washington Free Beacon reported that Rush paid his wife over half a million dollars
from campaign funds.
An additional $190,000 went to a church founded by Rush.
Campaign records indicate that this has been occurring for upwards of 15 years.
An undisclosed amount of money also went to other members of Rush's family.
As if that were not enough, "more than $14 million in taxpayer-backed government grants
were awarded to a wellness center associated with the church he founded in Chicago."
Rush was elected to Congress in 1992 and began paying his wife ten years later.
His wife, Carolyn Rush, was reportedly employed by Rush's campaign committee, Citizens for
Rush.
In 2008, Carolyn Rush also received nearly $100,000 in "consulting services" fees
for the campaign.
In total, the Rush family personally received "more than a quarter of the campaign's
total operating expenditures."
Since 2008, Mrs. Rush has consistently received over $100,000 per election cycle from her
husband's campaign funds for a total of more than $550,000 in campaign funds.
Rush's actions illustrate much of what is wrong in Washington and with the Democratic
Party.
Rush's double standard, attacking President Trump for hiring any of his family members,
while simultaneously funneling hundreds of dollars to his wife are cause for his impeachment.
President Trump Gives Nasty Surprise To Obama and Merkel After They Tried to Embarrass Him
In Germany
Barack Obama is making a fool out of himself as he follows President Donald Trump around
Europe.
His antics reached the height of absurdity as he met with Angela Merkel in Germany and
used that platform to sarcastically put down the Southern border wall.
However, Obama and Merkel forgot one thing as Trump lands in Germany and delivers a nasty
surprise to them.
You don't want to miss this.
What the fake news network, CNN, is calling a "political coincidence," Angela Merkel
met with former President Barack Obama and President Donald Trump on the same day.
Everyone knows the Obamas have been trolling the Trumps in Europe, first in Italy and now
in Germany.
"On a day of odd political coincidences, Merkel sat down with one President she calls
a friend and with whom she shares a political wavelength — Barack Obama, and another,
with whom she has had a frosty start — Donald Trump," reports CNN.
As Obama gave his speech in Germany, he talked about "borders" in veiled terms because
he is a wimp who can't directly confront Trump.
He works in the shadows, planning the demise of the president, but we all know that Obama
will fail.
"If there are disruptions in these countries, if there is bad governance, if there is war
or if there is poverty, in this new world that we live in, we can't isolate ourselves,"
Obama said.
"We can't hide behind a wall."
Obama's like a high school graduate who keeps going back to his old stomping grounds
to relive his pathetic "glory days."
He refuses to move on and is a has-been craving approval.
Merkel is up for re-election, so she nodded and smiled with affection as Obama delivered
his first speech since leaving office.
Germans are sick and tired of Merkel's pro-Muslim migrant policies that have caused mayhem and
bloodshed, and Merkel hopes Obama can help her get re-elected.
Obama and Merkel were in front of the historical Brandenburg Gate, a site that few politicians
are allowed to use for a speech.
Obama's lackeys pulled out all the stops to make Obama's sad comeback look like a
triumph.
This is where Ronald Reagan gave his most famous speech, demanding Mikhail Gorbachev
to "tear down this wall," speaking about the Berlin Wall.
President Donald Trump was well aware of the shenanigans by Barack Obama and Frau Merkel.
That's why just hours after Obama made those comments about the wall, Trump delivered a
nasty surprise that put Obama and Merkel in their place.
While speaking in front of NATO, the president was dedicating a piece of the Twin Towers
to be side by side with a piece of the Berlin Wall.
At the podium, he turned his head and stared directly at Merkel for a good 20-30 seconds,
which was a message in itself, then he said, "Today is a day for both remembrance and
resolve" and that the attack demonstrates "the depths of the evil we face with terrorism."
It was quite a solemn moment, and everyone there knew Trump was sending the German Chancellor
and her favorite pet, Obama, a crystal clear message.
How dare they sit up at the Brandenburg Gate and preach for open borders.
How dare they ignore the biggest evil in the world after little girls were just slaughtered
by Islamic terrorism only 36 hours before.
Too bad Obama wasn't there because Merkel looked down, quite embarrassed.
Barack and Michelle have been staying in million dollar villas while trying to undermine the
will of the American people.
Obama was rejected, and his candidate, Hillary Clinton, was soundly beaten.
So, what part of that doesn't he and Michelle understand?
They are the lowest of the low, evil actors clinging to their globalist socialistic ideas
who won't accept that they failed in their takeover of America.
They need to get back on their private jet and accept defeat.
Patriots are standing with Trump, making America great again.HE'S LEAVING Sean Hannity Shocks
Viewers With Sudden Announcement
Sean Hannity has just announced that he is going on vacation for the rest of the week
after he found himself in hot water over his reports on murdered DNC staffer Seth Rich
and his unproven communication with WikiLeaks.
It is not known whether or not Hannity's vacation was preplanned.
Independent Journal Review reported that Kimberly Guilfoyle announced on Wednesday that she
will be taking Hannity's place for the rest of the week.
This comes as Hannity continues to face the threat of advertiser boycotts even though
he backed off on his Rich coverage on Tuesday night.
Media Matters, the same group that convinced 90 advertisers to abandon Bill O'Reilly
before his firing, has already gotten two of Hannity's to jump ship as well.
Cars.com and Peloton have each requested that their ads not air during Hannity's program.
The fact that Hannity is taking a sudden vacation is especially chilling, as that's exactly
what O'Reilly did immediately before he was fired.
Hannity has indicated how desperate the situation is on his Twitter page:
SHARE this story if you stand with Sean Hannity!Michelle Obama Tries To Upstage Melania Trump In Italy
… GETS A BRUTAL RESPONSE!
It is no accident that the Obamas showed up in Italy this week at the same time President
Trump's and the First Lady's scheduled trip to Rome – the third leg of the Trumps'
first foreign trip in the White House.
Freedom Daily reported that the Obamas kept their plans to travel to Italy under wraps
until the last possible minute hoping to steal the spotlight and garner wider attention from
the press.
"On Friday, the former president and first lady touched down at Grosseto Air Base in
Tuscany, their private jet accompanied by six Eurofighter Fourth Wing jets," according
to the Daily Mail.
"The Obamas, who have been on multiple vacations since leaving the White House in January,
will reportedly visit Florence and Siena during their vacation.
They are expected to fly out on May 25."
On the day the Trumps were scheduled to arrive, the Obamas garnered the attention of the paparazzi
with pictures showcasing Michelle wearing a provocatively off the shoulder blouse while
visiting a Catholic Cathedral.
This immediately backfired when Michelle was widely panned in the Italian media for violating
the church's dress code with her ridiculous outfit.
After this little stunt, the media stopped reporting on Michelle and instead chose to
focus on Melania, who was the epitome of conservative grace and elegance when she met with Pope
Francis.
SHARE this story if you think Melania Trump is a much better First Lady than Michelle
Obama!Vain Joe Scarborough Attacks Trey Gowdy Over His Physical Appearance [Video]
Trey Gowdy recently interviewed Brennan about Russia who admitted that he has no idea if
their is any evidence.
Brennan even said "I don't do evidence".
"I appreciate that you don't do evidence, Director Brennan.
Unfortunately, that's what I do.
That's the word we use, you use the word assessment, you use the word tradecraft.
I use the word evidence.
And the good news for me is lots of my colleagues on the other side of the aisle use the word
evidence, too," said Gowdy.
"One of my colleagues said there is more than circumstantial evidence of collusion
between the Russians and the Trump campaign," said Gowdy.
"I don't know whether or not such collusion — and that's your term, such collusion
existed.
I don't know," said Brennan.
This was a major win for Gowdy.
So how did MSNBC's Joe Scarborough respond?
By insulting his physical appearance.
"First of all, Trey Gowdy, a couple of pro tips: First of all, can somebody get him so
powder?
Just a little bit of powder, put it across the top.
The shine is unbelievable.
And I speak, actually for America.
That's all people notice, Trey, when you're on TV." said Scarborough.
"I thought you were talking about me," Brzezinski interuppted.
"No, no, you–actually, very nice foundation there," said Scarborough.
Awful.
Check out the video below.
What do you think about this comment below.
-------------------------------------------
Why Don't Humans Live for More than 100 Years? | Physicist Geoffrey West - Duration: 13:12.
You can determine, calculate many things about organisms, about their growth patterns, how
they grow, how long they take to mature—and in particular one that concerns many of us,and
that is: how long we live?
What determines our longevity?
And, in fact, that's what got me into this work originally was I became very intrigued
in my fifties about the phenomenon of aging and of dying that I became more and more conscious
that things had been changing in my life in terms of my body and my physiology.
And that already I'd had friends die.
And so I became intrigued as to "what is that?"
And I also became intrigued very much as a physicist not asking what is the mechanism,
the systematics about aging and immortality, but the very question "What determines 100
years for the lifespan of a human being?
Why is it a hundred years, not a thousand years or a million years?"
And also related to that, why is it that a mouse, which is made of pretty much the same
stuff as we are (I mean we're almost identical really in some kind of coarse grained level
looking at things), how come a mouse only lives two to three years?
So what is determining all this?
And if you have this theory of networks underlying these scaling laws, manifesting themselves
as scaling laws, you first ask: is there a scaling law for lifespan?
So this is work that had already been done by many people; was to look at lifespan as
a function of size, for a bunch of mammals in particular but organisms in general, just
as we looked at how metabolic rate scales across these animals.
And what was discovered, what had been discovered was that lifespan also increases following
these quarter power scaling laws—that it increased systematically.
The one difference by the way, and maybe I'll say a few words about this in a moment, is
that there's much more scatter among the data for lifespan compared to things like
metabolic rate.
So even though there is a kind of predictability—that is, you give me the size of a mammal, I will
tell you on the average how long that mammal will live—there's much more variance around
that number than there is for saying "you tell me the size of a mammal, I will tell
you what it's metabolic rate is and what the length of its aorta is, how many children
it should have" and so on, where there's much less variance.
The variance is much tighter.
Lifespan has much more variance.
Now where does that number come from?
So you have this theory that the scaling of metabolic rate and these many other quantities—and
by the way there's probably 50 or 75 such measurable quantities—these are determined
by the constraints of flows in networks such as the circulatory system.
So one of the things you immediately realize about those flows is that they are what we
call "dissipative," which simply means they involve wear and tear just as, you know,
outside in those streets outside this building there's a lot of traffic going back and
forth on the roads and those roads wear out.
They have to be repaired.
The roadways have to be repaired and the subways have to be repaired.
They wear out from the traffic so to speak.
And so it is the traffic through our multiple network systems produce wear and tear.
And the most damaging wear and tear occurs at the terminal units, the terminal points
of these networks because they're the smallest tubes like in our capillaries or within our
cells and pushing fluid, pushing blood corpuscles or whatever it is, big molecules through them—has
deleterious effects of various kinds.
That causes damage, and that damage is calculable because you have a theory.
The theory is telling you what the flow rates and so on and all the sizes are and so on.
So these are calculable.
Now so you can calculate the rate at which wear and tear is occurring, and you can also
calculate something else that is going on, and that is: while it's being damaged there's
also repair going on.
And we do repair ourselves.
But that repair is also determined by metabolism.
That's where the energy comes from to do repairs.
So you can determine all these things and then you can postulate that the system will
become nonviable, that is it can no longer be sustained when a given fraction of un-repaired
damages occur.
So the system eventually just cannot be sustained and so that gives you a calculation of maximum
lifespan.
This is the, you know, if you were to do the best you possibly could this is as long as
you could possibly live for a given size of mammal.
And if you do that you can understand where, roughly speaking, this hundred years for a
human being comes from.
But more importantly or equally importantly you can determine what the parameters are,
the knobs that you could conceivably turn to change that lifespan.
What could you do to make that go from 100 to 200, for example?
And there's two pieces of that.
One is you can decrease, of course, the wear and tear, or you can increase the repair.
Those are the two obvious things, and there are parameters that determine that.
So if you think about the damage that is occurring from metabolism—so that means okay, one
way we could decrease damage is decrease the amount of food we take in.
That would be one way.
And indeed by the way, the reason a large animal lives longer than a small one is because
the metabolic rate per unit mass or per cell gets systematically smaller the bigger the
animal, corresponding to these quarter power scaling laws.
So less damage is done at the cellular level the bigger the animal—in a systematic way.
So the question is: how do you decrease that even further?
One is you can eat less, and that's called caloric restriction.
So if you put yourself on a starvation diet it may not be so pleasant in terms of your
lifestyle, but this would predict that you live longer.
And there have been experiments done, on mice in particular and some on monkeys, most of
which show an effect, and the effect is calculable in this theory.
And many of the experiments done on that agree with the data that's been taken—on mice.
There have been some controversial experiments on monkeys which have not shown as big an
effect.
So this is still very much a work in progress, but there's another way you could also decrease
your metabolism, and that's a way that is very difficult for us but interestingly is
very easy for almost all other organisms on the planet.
And that's to do with the fact that we are unique in that we are what's called "homeotherms".
Namely we keep the same temperature.
We discovered this extraordinary mechanism of keeping our body temperatures constant.
That is fantastic because it dissociates us from the external temperature, the environmental
temperature.
Everything else is subject to the ambient temperature in their environment.
And here's why it matters: It's because metabolic rate is derived from chemical reactions,
and chemical reactions depend exponentially on external temperature, on the temperature
which they're operating.
That means a small change in temperature can have a huge effect.
So a small change in temperature, a small increase in temperature increases your metabolic
rate exponentially.
So that's why if you look at insects in the cold—when they're cold in the morning
they can barely move.
They have to wait until the sun comes up to warm themselves and then they can start flying
around and moving around and so on.
That's true of lizards and so on, essentially everything that's around us.
We are immune from that and that's been extraordinarily powerful for us and a tremendous
advantage.
Going back to lifespan, that means that if you could lower your body temperature you
would decrease your metabolic rate and you would decrease therefore the damage, and you
can live longer.
And that is indeed true of organisms, all other organisms.
If you keep them at low temperatures they live exponentially longer.
They live much longer so it's a fantastic effect.
It's a huge effect.
And by the way one tangential remark for that—and that is a critical one in our times—and
that is to do with global warming.
One of the things that I think is a bit mysterious to many people, in the kind of intelligent
layperson, is that: why should one or two degrees change in the ambient temperature
around us make any bloody difference to anything?
After all where I live the temperature often changes by 40 degrees from night to day.
So we have these huge changes, yet the ambient, you know, just this little increase in the
ambient, in the average temperature have such a big effect.
The reason is that things like growth rates and death rates and everything to do with
growing and therefore agriculture, but the whole ecosystem, the whole biosphere is exponentially
sensitive to a change in temperature.
So one to two degree change has an exponential effect, and some of that is, from our viewpoint,
highly deleterious and some may actually be advantageous.
But I think this is an incredibly important point that—I'm afraid I'm a little bit
critical here of my colleagues who work in global warming—they have not been very good
at getting this across, especially obviously to politicians and especially, of course,
the politicians in the United States.
But going back to the more parochial issue of lifespan, if we were to take drugs that
could lower our body temperature (and this has actually been done for mice again) it
increases concomitantly their lifespan.
Decreasing their metabolic rate increases their lifespan.
And that's been seen and it is in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
No comments:
Post a Comment