hello everyone and thank you for joining
us.
Today's webinar is on Z-shielding
radiation protection material. The
webinar is sponsored by NASA Langley
Technology Transfer, where we are
bringing technology down-to-earth. Hi, my
name is Kimberly Graupner and I am a
technology portfolio manager and I will
be your host for this webinar. I will
also be your point of contact for
information and questions about
licensing this technology. I'm excited to
have with us today Dr. Larry Thomsen.
In the year 2000 Dr. Thomsen completed
a national academy of science NRC
postdoctoral fellowship with the Naval
Research Laboratory. Soon after he began
his career as a researcher at NASA
Langley Research Center and in 2007 he found
his niche in the radiation shielding
space technology area. The working he has
performed over the years has led to
several innovations, including methods of
atomic number Z-Grading Shielding. Dr.
Larry Thomsen is now a senior
researcher material engineer leading
the shield's experiment mission. Before
Larry begins his presentation I'd like to
point out that your microphones will be
muted for the duration of the webinar. If
you have any questions please type them
in the chat box and we will answer them.
So at this point I'm going to turn it
over to you, Dr. Thomsen.
Thank you, Kim. Its a privilege to speak
to everyone on the webinar today
my name's Larry Thompson. This
work on Z-Shielding is work that
we've done for the past six, seven, eight
years now and we're actually a position
where we can actually fly the material
and actually increase development level
of the material further. I'd
like to just tell you a little bit about
some of my co-inventors. Roberto Cano,
Brian Jensen, Steve Hales, and Joel Alexa. My
colleagues actually worked on
metal fiber laminate materials here at
NASA Langley and it actually was the
precursor which
brought about the z grade shielding work
and those are
additional technologies here at NASA
Langley. The technologies we are discussing
today are methods of making Z shielding
that was patented in 2014 and on some
further work in methods of making Z-
shielding thats under patent review
since February 2012. CubeSat have been
significant platform for doing space
experiments over the years and there's been
continued interest in increasing the
performance of team sats with missions
such as this one. This is two CubeSats
being launched off of the ISF that
are that are for an imaging experiment
and they've been increasing the
development of the CubeSats with
envision commercial applications such as
imagery, data collections. Missions
have been a vision to last longer for
CubeSats. There's been significant
technology investment in the CubeSat
community for higher performance which
takes the labor the parts and the actual
launch costs when adding all those costs
together it can go from half a
million out towards over a million
dollars for some of these cubesat
missions that are currently being
launched today and envisioned for the
future
there's a significant return on
investment one thinking about radiation
protection for these cubesats and I'll
just go back to the image again with the
return on investment or a company with
the current technology out there with
CubeSats and numerous cubesats have been
launched with a mission like times have
been
from three to six months up to a
year is an average lifetime
of the experiments and to actually
increase the return on investment by
having cubesats last longer in space
towards a multiple years it increase the
return on investment for for those of
mission because the cost labor for the
development of the cubesat and the
launch costs which can which can occur
for integration of some of these
platforms hundred two hundred three
hundred thousand dollars in the
commercial stage. There's been cost
up to over 600,000 at the launch
integration costs to go to outer orbits
some of the radiation being seen on in
the environment is of course the earth
radiation belts. this is a image of a geo
transfer orbit to the Van Allen mission
you have the inner proton built in the
outer proton belt. these are the
significant contributions for radiation
for cubesats with the stretch Earth's
radiation belts radiation from the Sun
solar particle events contribute to
radiation for the geostationary
satellites interplanetary satellite
and to some degree on changes in
the radiation environment and even the
medium Earth orbit. little orbit missions
have been envisioned for the outer
planets lasses envisioned missions to
Mars mission to Europa Jupiter with small
satellites and there is a opportunity to
increase the performance of spacecraft
with different radiation shielding
approaches and beyond some of the early
last mission such as the Explorer
missions and pioneer missions have been
have been done with with our smaller
satellite systems in the past and the
small satellites cubesat is an
opportunity to expand
the life on mission from from from six
months to a year optimal for years which
is a build the opportunity for further
mission opportunities some of the
highlights of the work that we focused
on was to to develop the great shielding
and acute admissions for the reduction
of total ionizing goes on to increase
the lifetime of the electronic devices
and also another highlight is that
internal charging effects are greatly
reduced and i highlight that because
some of the early spacecraft anomalies
with low amounts of shielding have been
attributed to internal charging effects
which have been known to be spacecraft
killers and the addition of shielding
can actually improve the performance of
the spacecraft some of the work we've
developed under these technologies are
on the upper left in the center is an
tantalum fabrics
on carbon fiber fabrics we've done these
up pitch fabrics we've done these on
intermediate modulus fabrics and
consistently the sizing of these fabrics
in the upper left approximately a foot
in width an over three feet in length
we're getting at scales with just our
own research laboratory equipment at
scales that get towards a more
commercial of interest because of this
the sheer size and consistency what
we're doing the upper right is just this
electron microscope image showing the
metal layers on the fiber fabrics with
a consistent coverage and we've
envisioned to be able to code multiple
medals on the fabrics in
the lower-left we've also done work on
aluminum on with panel and we will be
flying an aluminum tantalum
materials on our spacecraft in November
2017 called Shields-1 for further
technology development the
radiofrequency plasma spray facility is
very analogous to a lot of spray
equipment in the commercial small
business sector. This is just to show
that the equipment we use is a plasma
spray equipment in the upper right is
with as long as you have a
consistent of like a managerial or some
sort of X-Y control some plasma
spray facilities we've seen XY control
with the ability to move the
radiofrequency torch the thermal
torches and you can actually cover with
very strong, very good consistency by
using the X Y rotation and i'm
showing in the upper-right been able to
do that. in the lower right corner
picture is just a picture of the
deposition process going on where we
have a rotating mandrel that can move
in and out of the plasma spray to
getting. The z-shielding technology
what we've done from going from
the lab is to actually develop shielding
into a vault arrangement and we're
getting ready on the left Ilana 19
that's in November 2017 in the NASA
CubeSat Launch Initiative
we're getting ready to fly shields-1
with a atomic degree wall with also of
shielding samples in the research
payload and baseline with aluminum and
what we're doing there is we're just
going out there and demonstrating
the technology for protection of the of
the spacecraft electronics and also were
based final performance against aluminum
this is significant to the cost a lot of
money to make the space
craft and labor and the launch
costs so a flight with some stage
heritage significantly reduces the risk
for future flights for future mission
opportunities for future commercial
ventures. just an overview of the
experiment in the upper left of the
picture shields-1 this is just a
schematic design with the vaults but we
have partners that were actually going
to actually protect the electronics in
the upper left with the experiment below
being measured for the
shielding effectiveness with the
dosimeter. just some of the
benefits of the Z grade shielding is
that using the Z grade what we're able to
do is reduce the thickness of our
shielding with comparison to aluminum
and because smallsats and cubesats
are small they're 10 centimeters by
10 centimeters by 10 centimeters
for a cubesat because they're small Z grade
gives the opportunity for being able to
make a sizing around with electronics
such that the electronic desired
permissions can fit into the spacecraft
and on the left-hand side picture it's a
graph of proton ionizing dose
areal density and the highlighted blue
oval just showing that at areal
densities or thicknesses in the range of
typical vault applications you can use
z-grade shield similar to aluminum in the
proton environment and then in the
right-hand graph the electron ionizing
dose their areal density models
what is predicted
is that the z-grade shielding has the
shielding performance effectively thirty
percent more than Aluminum and the electron
dose that's also trickled to some
commercial applications such as gamma
radiation protection x-ray radiation
protection wasn't our initial look for
the shielding the shielding always been
towards the spacecraft effort at NASA
but there's opportunities for x-ray
shielding and gamma-ray shielding and
shielding to the nuclear industry where
the high atomic number of metal such
as tantlum and copper tungsten alloys
such as a material like that with the
techniques we have offer shaping
opportunities for other shielding
application just want to show you what
the bank for the buck is in total ionizing
dose environment and that is if you
were to have a mission with a vault in
the Geo transfer orbit you have
approximately 2.7 kiloRads per year
radiation dose and that's in the range
where even commercial devices
have potential surviving here in the Geo
transfer orbit and when you look at that
comparison to low-earth orbit in
geostationary orbit it's the equivalent
of being able to last eight to ten years
in past history geotransfer orbit
was considered a great proving ground
for electronics performance because of
the high radiation environment and below
is just a snapshot of what the full
orbit looks like and we just roughly
50 mills or 50 thousandths of an
inch to 75 thousands of an inch equivalent
of material you get five killorads
for dose per year but if you add
shielding even in polar low-earth orbit
with the sensitive commercial
electronics you build the opportunity to
last for years in low-earth orbit
with a well-designed
spacecraft I just wanted to talk in
summary that the shields-1 development
is for the Z-grade radiation shielding
and enables future missions with the
acquired space heritage i do want to
talk about some of related applications
there's the opportunity radiation
protection for for other electronic
instrumentation such as robotics and the
hazardous material community there's
significant number of robotic
applications moving a nuclear waste
materials and also responding nuclear
reactor processing environments
because we're using high
atomic number
hight density materials they have benefits
in nuclear reactor shields because the
metal laminates they're shaping
opportunity the metal fundamental
laminates that we've made have been done
with the vacuum assistance
resin transfer molding
that's described in the
patent and that offers the opportunity
of being able to hold to some shaping
ability to actually mold shapes with the
laminates with the metal done that
Offers shaping opportunity for building
shielding for shaping where the typical
what we've been using are flat panel
sheets that could be cut into different
arrangements of but there are the
opportunity to actually shape it because
vacuum assisted resin transfer
molding technology is technology which
can do out of autoclave and you can
actually shape what you want
there's opportunity for
radiation protection clothing approaches
again these materials have a high
readiness in the
the material making because we're using
techniques for coding control
reproducible coatings and we're using
highly available standard laminate
cloth that can be purchased on the
outside with standard weeds so that
there be reproducibility in the maufacturing
again there's also the spacecraft
satellites shielding not just for the
cubeSATs but because you can shape you
could actually envision doing different
types of shaping
applications for shielding. These are the
references of some of the related
applications that i discussed is listed
on the technology website on the lower
bottom reference the shields-1
brochure is a nasa publication
that's available and some prior
presentations
from the smallsat conference and cubesat
workshop and the current patent and
the application. Thank you for
your attention today it been a pleasure
talking about this work. It's been a
passion for a number of years for
myself and my colleagues and we think it's
an opportunity that we want to make sure
that goes out to you in the webinar. Well thank you
dr. Thomsen for taking the time to
expand on your latest innovation in
Z-shielding. so we have set aside some time
to answer some questions from the
audience
this must be a hot technology because we
already have received so many. So thank you!
i want to encourage you to continue
submitting your questions and if we
don't get to your question today then
we'll follow up with you
by an email afterwards.. All right In
regards to the ease of use and overall
cost what form factors sheet roll plate
is the shielding and what methods of
fastening and/or joining is recommended?
a reduction in the dependence on hard
tooling and custom fixtures will greatly
reduce overall costs of integrating this
material
For that actually
the easiest is film-forming sheet because
that is just the easiest to cut but
this is the standard easiest form to
start with this sheet and that can be
done to the metals and it can also be
done for the the tanelum coated
fabrics is just by applying a
sheet and then the laminate process by
sheet and the cutting that can be done
with just the laminates themselves are
the standard cuttings. Things that are out
there off have been done by diamond saw
standard machine shops they been cut
with water jet as another available
tool of it but their standards are
standard even a jigsaw if it protects
the edges of those of the laminate so
their standard machining for the
laminates. For the metals, they
can be done by wire, milling,
we've done water jet, diamond saw,
theres some different forms of the
manufacturing on some of the torch
capabilities are there so you can
actually shape the fabric and apply
those laminate other metals onto the
fabric there's some really neat building
capabilities out there that is that some
small businesses have on the outside or
shops that for contracting that can
actually add shaping to it
and then the molding process with actual
system resin transfer molding is a
really neat technique for small business
or such because you don't have to have an expensive
autoplay you can actually use some
standard backing pumps to draw in the
resin with molding and load up
for materials. All right very good.
So if my company were to license this
material method from NASA do i need to
specify the application to be addressed
or can it be used for any purpose?
well i'm going to take this because i am
the technology specialist and
when you apply for this technology you
would have to fill in the
application and the field to use and
then we would gear the application
according to that. i read that the
Centers for Disease Control prevention
classify the airline crew members as
radiation workers also that national
council on radiation protection and
measurements reported the air crews have
on average the highest yearly dose of
radiation out of all radiation exposed
workers in the u.s. is a two-part
question first has NASA thought about
the use of using z-shielding
material to address this problem?
not specifically
however this directive flick abilities I
know there's some researchers here even
at NASA Langley that have been looking into
the amount of x-ray for high
flyers in the polar transcontinental
flights of aircraft. what's nice
about thes z-shielding that we're using
right now in applicability with that is
we are using standard carbon fiber laminite
fabric that are high-performance modulus
fabrics we're using resins that
are attributed for high
performance for structural property and
the tantalum on that we have already some
of the other high solid materials have
excellent x-ray and gamma shielding
properties. now we havent specifically looked
at this
but what would be needed as a start is
to actually develop doing some
ground xray tests to develop the
datasheet in support of that
or a small business would have to do
that because we specifically looking at
the radiation environment stakes but
because of the standard shaping and
material processing techniques it could
potentially provide a
shell or a protective area for airline
crew especially since some of the
major aerospace manufacturers
are going towards composites to lighten
of areas of the structure. So
how can NASA assist the company in
addressing this issue.. sbir award space
act agreement engineering or other? so i
can answer this
so when you fill out applications and
you would like to license the technology
if you need further assistance in
collaborating you can put in a space act
agreement and we'll help walk you through
it into support whatever you need. The
description of the radiation protection
material clearly is advertised as useful
for space applications, there are other
areas such as high altitude commercial
and military aircraft that must consider
the effect of single and multiple event
upset from radiation?
it would be interesting to understand
how the material might be useful
protection of electronics on the
effects such as these.. single event affects
is another area of radiation
protection in traditionally done with
rad hard electronics
however what we're doing with the
z-shielding is what we can do is with
some benefit to that by reducing
supporting electronics by actually
shifting. there is some
benefits for lower energy particles that
could actually induce a single event
upset the radiation shielding can shield
that but for the high-energy galactic
cosmic rays there's little benefit
but there is a benefit by actually
being able to take care of some of the
lower energy particles and also reducing
the total ionizing dose. Excellent. I'm
interested in reducing lead used by the
US Navy to protect workers in nuclear
ships the US Navy wants to reduce mixed
waste. Lead which is toxic and radioactive
particles that contaminate the canvas
lead shields. what are your comments on
using this technology? Tantalum
been described as green could be
described as green because it's actually
been shown to be used in hospital
instruments that touched people blood
streams and I'm not a human
safety specialist but from what I've
seen tantalum and some of the metals
that we've been using are far safer
for human body contact than lead. it
could be considered a green technology
but definitely from what ive seen with
some of the benefits of using Tantalum
or some of the other high atomic
number metals that are not associated
the lead family is a significant benefit
or reduction in toxicity
excellent well thank you for your time.
so that's all we have time for today.
If you are interested in licensing
NASA's z-shielding technology please
email the address shown on the screen if
or you would like to
browse additional technologies available
for licensing visit NASA technology
gateway website where we are bringing
technology down-to-earth. once again
thank you to everyone in the audience
for joining us for this presentation on
z- shielding. have a wonderful afternoon!
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