Youtube daily report Jun 26 2018

As the bell rings and you put down your exam paper,

you breathe out a sigh of relief.

Finals are done, and in a few days you'll be sitting on a beach somewhere.

But when you actually get there.... you're suddenly sick.

If this has ever been you, you're not alone.

Instead of getting sick during a stressful situation,

like a week of tests or a big project at the office,

it's super common for people to get sick afterwards.

Some of it could have to do with

the bad habits you pick up during project season.

But a lot of the reason is because of the way

your immune system responds to stress.

If you were someone who handled finals by cramming at 3AM,

fueled by beef jerky and energy drinks,

you probably weren't that surprised when you came down with a cold.

Bad habits, especially a lack of sleep, can make you more likely to get sick.

But, even if you were to treat your body like a temple,

the stress alone is enough to make you more susceptible to illness.

The first thing your body does when it's stressed

is activate its fight or flight response, which you've probably felt before.

It's best known for that classic fast heart rate and breathing,

but this response has an immediate effect on the immune system as well.

It affects a bunch of hormones, but the big player is an increase in cortisol,

the stress hormone.

That bump in cortisol helps signal for a shift

from a more generalized immunity

to a response that's aimed at a specific pathogen.

See, normally, when any invader gets in one of your cells,

it's labeled with a marker that identifies it as not you.

Then, your body tries to attack it right away.

This process is called cellular or cell-mediated immunity,

but it's hindered during stress.

Instead, your body signals for

an increase in something called humoral immunity.

This is the side of your immune system

that makes proteins to fight specific pathogens.

But instead of kicking in right away, it takes a few days,

since your body has to make enough of those proteins.

Researchers still aren't totally sure why this transition happens,

but it might be a way for your body to limit that all-over sick feeling

while it tries to survive the stressful event.

So, while you're busy memorizing formulas,

your immune system is sitting quietly in the corner,

building proteins and leaving you alone.

Then, when finals are over, your cortisol levels drop back to normal,

and your immune system relaxes as well.

The problem is, it might relax too much.

Many of the hormones that signaled for that increased immune activity

are actually suppressed when the stress is over.

And without messengers signaling for your cells to attack,

your body won't waste energy to do so.

That means that, after finals,

you're suddenly an easy target for a pathogen to call home.

And, if you're spending your break on a crowded airplane or a packed beach

or if you actually picked up a pathogen during finals

that's bad news for you.

Get the tissues ready.

And if you're already down for the count

and ready to binge on videos until you're healthy again,

we recommend one of our sister channels, Healthcare Triage.

On this channel, Dr. Aaron Carroll explains healthcare policy,

medical research, and answers a lot of other questions

you may have about medicine, health, and healthcare.

So check it out at YouTube.com/HealthcareTriage

and I hope you stay healthy!

For more infomation >> Why Do You Always Get Sick After Exams? - Duration: 3:16.

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How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms - Duration: 7:41.

If there are three things any 6-year-old knows about dinosaurs, it's that: Tyrannosaurus

rex was big, Tyrannosaurus rex was vicious, and Tyrannosaurus rex had tiny arms.

T. rex dominated the Western United States during the Cretaceous Period, from 68 million

to 66 million years ago.

And in its day, was the largest carnivore on land.

But for such a fearsome predator, it certainly had its quirks – like those teeny tiny arms,

the source of so many jokes about how a tyrannosaurus couldn't do push ups, or give a decent high

five.

Even from a biological perspective, they look pretty small.

The average T rex weighed about 10,000 kilograms, and stood between four and a half to 6 meters

tall.

But its two-fingered forelimbs were less than one eighth as long as its hindlimbs – probably

only a little bigger than your own arms.

And the story of how T-Rex lost its arms is, itself, pretty simple.

But the story of why it kept those little limbs, and how it used them?

that's a little more complicated.

The short answer as to why T. rex had tiny arms was, well, they ran in the family.

Early ancestors of the genus Tyrannosaurus included the prosauropods, which first appeared

way back in the Triassic, and had forelimbs just as long as their hindlimbs.

But as time went on, more and more of these early dinosaurs became bipedal.

And once they were standing on their hind legs, their front limbs were suddenly freed

up to be used in different ways.

And many of the early carnivorous bipedal dinosaurs had sharp claws on their forelimbs,

which made them more useful for hunting with than for standing on.

But the group that wound up producing Tyrannosaurus rex took an evolutionary right turn somewhere

in the Jurassic, 150 million years ago.

Instead of relying on their forelimbs to help them hunt, members of the superfamily

known as Tyrannosauroidea - which includes Tyrannosaurus and its relatives - started

to use their jaws

One of the earliest Tyrannosaurs is Guanlong,

a small, 150-million-year-old dinosaur from China.

Guanlong had a tiny head, and long forelimbs - well, long for a Tyrannosaur anyway, about

half the length of its legs.

But fast forward about 25 million years in China and you find Raptorex , which had the

same basic body plan, but with different proportions.

Raptorex was still only about 1 meter tall, but its head was about one-third larger than

Guanlong's, and its forelimbs were about half as long.

So, Raptorex looked a lot like a tiny, pocket-sized version of Tyrannosaurus rex – but it shows

up in the fossil record about 70 million years before T. rex did.

That means that the characteristics we think of as defining T-rex -- namely a huge head

and tiny forelimbs – were actually part of a 90-million-year trend in that direction.

And that big head wasn't just for looks.

Its enormous jaws gave T. rex a bite force up to 57,000 Newtons, which is enough power

to pulverize bone.

With a bite that nasty, having long forelimbs really wasn't necessary.

But beyond that, long arms weren't just "not needed" – for some dinosaurs, they

were kind of in the way.

That's because of how bipedal dinosaurs walked.

We swing our arms when we walk and run, to help us maintain balance to keep our upper

body stable.

But dinosaurs like tyrannosaurs had long, rigid tails, which acted as stabilizers.

So they didn't need to swing their arms.

If anything, having big forelimbs would have just slowed them down.

From what we know about the mechanics of their bones and musculature, we know that the natural

body posture for many tyrannosaurs was with their forelimbs tucked close to their body.

Some specimens have even been found in this position as fossils!

This type of research, by the way, is also how we know that Tyrannosaurus and other carnivorous

dinosaurs held their forearms with their palms facing each other, and that they didn't

have the wrist mobility to hold them facing down.

So, when you're doing your T. rex impression, make sure you're like ahhhh

Never like this. That's inaccurate!

And if you want to be totally accurate about it -- and of course you would, because why

wouldn't you?

-- then you should only use your thumb and your forefinger, because those two digits

are the ones that T. rex retained. So like ahhhhhhh

So that's how Tyrannosaurus rex, or Tyrannosauroidea in general, lost their big arms: Over 90 million

years, their heads got bigger, as their jaws became their primary weapons.

And their forelimbs got smaller, because that probably made it easier for them to move around.

But, T-rex still had arms!

If they were such a liability, why didn't it just lose them entirely?

Well, that's a little more complicated.

Initially, paleontologists thought that T. rex forelimbs were vestigial, just leftover

relics of true arms that were so small as to be useless.

But after lots of study of some well-preserved fossil finds, we've learned that their forelimbs

were covered in muscle attachments.

So, while they weren't very strong, their arms could move.

So what could they have been used for?

One of the most common theories is that T. rex used its forelimbs during mating.

Studies on the biomechanics of its arms have shown that they were pretty powerful at adduction,

which is the technical term for the movement you make when you hug something.

So, adduction could've been used either as part of courtship – cuz who doesn't

like a good cuddle?! -- or to help hold male Tyrannosaurus in place during mating.

However, other scientists think T. rex could have used its limbs not for loving but for

fighting.

Its fingers, after all, were tipped with claws that were about a quarter the length of the

whole forelimb.

Still, that's less than half as large as one of their teeth.

And although the arms were muscular, they didn't measure up to force of its bone-crunching

bite.

So if these arms were used to slash at prey, it was only as a supplement for the killing

power of its jaws.

Others have suggested that T. rex used its hugging skills to kill, planting its forelimbs

into its prey while biting down, dealing a death blow and a death hug at the same time.

And of course, it's always possible that there wasn't actually any use for these

tiny forelimbs.

Maybe T. rex arms were what we call a spandrel – a byproduct of other evolutionary changes

that doesn't necessarily have a purpose or advantage of its own.

Over millions of years, Tyrannosauroidea followed an evolutionary course toward having smaller

forelimbs and bigger heads.

So maybe, if they hadn't gone extinct, the descendants of T rex would have had gone one

step further and lost their forelimbs entirely.

Truth be told, if we're ever going to really know how Tyrannosaurus rex used its arms – if

it did at all – we're going to need to find more fossils.

For example, to figure out if T. rex used its forelimbs for slashing, paleontologists

would need to find a fossil that had slash marks that clearly came from T. rex claws.

And we haven't found that yet.

And, even more challenging, to know whether Tyrannosaurus rex used its forelimbs during

mating, we'd have to find two T. rexes preserved "in the act", so to say.

And that would be a remarkable find

But that's part of what makes paleontology so interesting – there are always more questions

to be answered.

To figure them out, we just have to dig up the right fossils.

Thanks for joining me today!

And in case you didn't know, Eons is now on Patreon!

Patreon is a voluntary subscription service that helps fund

good content like hopefully you think this is

So if you'd like to support our show, head over to patreon.com/eons and sign up at any

level you want!

Now let me know what you want to learn about!

Leave a comment down below, and if you haven't already, go to youtube.com/eons and subscribe.

We want to thank all our patrons who help make these videos possible, and we want to

to really thank our eontologists, Duncan Miller and David Rasmussen.

Thank you so much for your support!

If you'd like to join them, head over to patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool

rewards.

For more infomation >> How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms - Duration: 7:41.

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Supreme Court ruling upholds travel ban - Duration: 1:39.

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Video Game Developer Chloe Sagal Dies in Apparent Suicide | American Today – 10 Amazing - Duration: 2:11.

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Volkswagen Transporter | DSG | Xenon / Led | Schuifdak | Dubbele Schuifdeur | Navigatie - Duration: 1:14.

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Audi A4 Avant Lease Edition 2.0TDI 150pk S-tronic + 19 inch - Duration: 0:54.

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Volkswagen Amarok | 120KW | Dubbele Cabine | 4x4 | - Duration: 0:53.

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赵丽颖扮演的4个角色，我猜你只认识楚乔，全认识的绝对是铁粉！ - Duration: 0:30.

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Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI 90KW 122pk Highline - Duration: 1:07.

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Volkswagen Golf 1.4 TSI Comfortline | Navigatie | Climatronic | Cruise Control - Duration: 1:08.

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Audi A3 1.0TFSI 85KW Automaat S-line - Duration: 0:54.

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Volkswagen Beetle 1.2 TSI 105PK Design Airco - Duration: 0:53.

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Volkswagen Golf 1.6 TDI 110PK VARIANT | Navigatie | Climatronic - Duration: 1:13.

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For more infomation >> Fatal Frame 2 #6 - Casa ou labirinto? Cada vez mais sinistro! ( PT-BR, legendei diálogos ) - Duration: 36:32.

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Come i rettili cambiano sesso - Duration: 4:44.

For more infomation >> Come i rettili cambiano sesso - Duration: 4:44.

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I pirati dello Stretto di Bering - Duration: 3:13.

For more infomation >> I pirati dello Stretto di Bering - Duration: 3:13.

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CMN: meta de inflação para 2021 será de 3,75% - Duration: 1:57.

 O Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN) anunciou nesta terça-feira (26/6) que a meta de inflação para 2021 será de 3,75%, com margem de tolerância de 1,5 ponto porcentual para cima ou para baixo (taxa entre 2,25% e 5,25%)

A decisão foi tomada em reunião realizada nesta terça pelo grupo formado por integrantes do Ministério da Fazenda, Ministério do Planejamento e Banco Central

 "A decisão representa mais um passo para a obtenção, de forma sustentável, de taxas de inflação mais baixas na economia brasileira", diz nota distribuída pela Fazenda

  Mais sobre o assunto Conselho Monetário fixa em 4,5% meta de inflação para 2018 Governo propõe aumento do salário mínimo para R$ 979 em 2018 Para ex-presidente do BC, "taxa de juros de 6,5% não é sustentável" Além disso, o CMN confirmou a meta de inflação de 4,25% para 2019, com margem de tolerância de 1,5 ponto porcentual (taxa entre 2,75% e 5,75%)

O Conselho também confirmou a meta de 4,00% para 2020, com margem de 1,5 ponto porcentual (taxa entre 2,5% e 5,5%)

 Para 2018, a meta estabelecida é de 4,5%. A margem de tolerância é de 1,5 ponto porcentual para cima ou para baixo (taxa entre 3,0% e 6,0%)

 

For more infomation >> CMN: meta de inflação para 2021 será de 3,75% - Duration: 1:57.

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Video Game Developer Chloe Sagal Dies in Apparent Suicide | American Today – 10 Amazing - Duration: 2:11.

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Aston Martin DBS Superleggera, un verdadero pura sangre - Duration: 8:37.

Con la presentación del nuevo DBS Superleggera de 725CV y 340 Km7h de velocidad máxima, regresa uno de los modelos más carismáticos y con mayor rendimiento de Aston Martin  El Aston Martin DBS Superleggera es verdadero pura sangre que marca el regreso de dos nombres ilustres

 Con DBS, Aston Martin está reviviendo una placa icónica que apareció por primera vez en 1967, mientras que la famosa marca de Touring, Superleggera, una vez más adornará el capó de un Aston Martin

 Esta colaboración que allanó originalmente el camino a DB4, 5 y 6 Mark 1 así que el  DBS Superleggera rinde homenaje a la histórica tecnología de construcción súper liviana del famoso carrocero italiano

 Tanto la primera como la segunda generación de DBS han aparecido en las películas de James Bond: el original utilizado por George Lazenby en la película de 1969On Her Majesty's Secret Service; DBS en Casino Royale 2006 y Quantum of Solace en 2008 junto a Daniel Craig

 En el nuevo DBS Superleggera, Aston Martin observamos que va revestido con paneles  de fibra de carbono inmaculadamente esculpidos

Una apariencia que combina perfectamente con el rendimiento épico, cortesía del V12 biturbo de 5

2 litros de Aston Martin. El DBS Superleggera combina curvas convincentes con aerodinámica avanzada para una forma elegante que engaña al viento y sujeta el automóvil a la carretera

 El DBS Superleggera genera 180kg de carga aerodinámica en VMAX: la cifra más alta para una producción en serie Aston Martin

   Como el magnífico nuevo buque insignia Súper GT de la marca británica, el DBS Superleggera reemplaza al estimado Vanquish S y ofrece 725CV y 900Nm de torque, una velocidad máxima de 340 km/h y una aceleración de 0-100 en solo 3

4 segundos y 0-160 km/h en 6.4 segundos.  El DBS Superleggera es un automóvil dedicado a brindar una experiencia de manejo inolvidable y una aceleración de 80-160 km/h  en cuarta marcha en solo 4,2 segundos

 El corazón de DBS Superleggera es el motor V12 biturbo de 5.2 litros del Aston Martin

 Este motor de alto rendimiento, de baja altura y lo más atrás posible en el chasis para optimizar el centro de gravedad y la distribución del peso, desarrolla 725CV a 6500rpm y 900Nm de 1800-5000rpm

 La puesta a punto detallada del V12 junto con una nueva estrategia de escape con válvulas activas y tubos cuádruples garantiza que DBS Superleggera tenga un potente y potente carácter de sonido, especialmente en los modos dinámicos más agresivos, conservando un nivel de refinamiento y cortesía que complementa su papel como el consumado Super GT

Aston Martin DBS Superleggera-lateral  El DBS Superleggera despliega su poder a las ruedas traseras a través de una nueva transmisión automática ZF de ocho velocidades montada en la parte trasera

 Con un diferencial mecánico de deslizamiento limitado y una vectorización de torque para un manejo preciso, predecible y explotable y un menor impulso final para una aceleración explosiva en marcha, el DBS Superleggera combina las respuestas de un superdeportivo con el refinamiento de un GT

 El chasis es una evolución de la estructura de aluminio liviano de última generación vista por primera vez en el DB11, con doble horquilla forjada en la parte delantera y un sofisticado sistema de enlaces múltiples en la parte trasera

 La amortiguación adaptativa de última generación está equipada de serie, con sensores que detectan las condiciones de conducción predominantes, así como las demandas que el conductor hace del automóvil

 Tanto el tren de potencia como el chasis pueden elegir entre tres modos dinámicos: GT, Sport y Sport Plus, que el conductor puede seleccionar para intensificar o relajar las respuestas del DBS Superleggera según sus necesidades

Aston Martin DBS Superleggera-interior  El DBS Superleggera cuenta con un amplio nivel de equipamiento estándar, que incluye entrada sin llave, sistema de control de presión de neumáticos y una cámara de 360 ​​grados con pantalla de distancia de estacionamiento y asistencia de estacionamiento

 El sistema de audio tiene DAB más transmisión de audio y teléfono Bluetooth, iPod, iPhone y reproducción USB

 También hay un sistema integrado de navegación por satélite y un hub wi-fi. Todos los sistemas de infoentretenimiento en el automóvil utilizan una pantalla LCD central, controlada a través de un dial central

 El DBS Superleggera presenta un alto nivel de artesanía con un amplio alcance para la personalización a través de una generosa selección de opciones

 El tapizado de cuero y tapicería de Alcántara, viene de serie, al igual que los asientos y el volante Sports Plus

 Hay una opción de dos diseños de llantas de aleación: la rueda forjada Spoke "Y" estándar y la rueda forjada Twin Spoke ligerq

 Ambos tienen 21 "de diámetro y están equipados con neumáticos Pirelli desarrollados específicamente para el DBS Superleggera

 También hay una selección de llamativas Especificaciones de diseño, con combinaciones de color y recorte especialmente seleccionadas, seleccionadas por el equipo de diseño de Aston Martin para acentuar ciertos aspectos del DBS Superleggera

 "El DBS Superleggera no solo marca el regreso de un gran nombre de Aston Martin, sino que marca nuestro retorno al pináculo del sector de Super GT

 Hermoso más allá de toda medida, su compuesto de carbono ligero y cuerpo de aluminio está esculpido en una forma con gran presencia y carisma señaló el presidente y consejero delegado de Aston Martin, Dr

Andy Palmer  "Gracias al notable par disponible en su V12 doble turbo, el DBS Superleggera también ofrece un golpe impresionante, pero su dinámica se ha perfeccionado para atraer a los conductores de todos los niveles de habilidad

 Con un diseño inmaculado, ingeniería obsesiva y escandalosamente potente, la nueva DBS Superleggera es en cada centímetro el buque insignia de Aston Martin " añadió Palmer

 El Aston Martin DBS Superleggera tiene un precio de  225,000£ en el Reino Unido,  274,995 euros en Alemania y  304,995 en los Estados Unidos$ , lasentregas de DBS Superleggera están programadas para comenzar en tercer trimestre de 2018

Aston Martin DBS Superleggera-trasera

For more infomation >> Aston Martin DBS Superleggera, un verdadero pura sangre - Duration: 8:37.

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J. Cole / Russ Type Beat [[Prod. by Asa]] "Broken Communication" (2018) - Duration: 3:49.

(Prod. by Asa) J. Cole / Russ Type Beat "Broken Communication" 2018 (Prod. by Asa)

For more infomation >> J. Cole / Russ Type Beat [[Prod. by Asa]] "Broken Communication" (2018) - Duration: 3:49.

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How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms - Duration: 7:41.

If there are three things any 6-year-old knows about dinosaurs, it's that: Tyrannosaurus

rex was big, Tyrannosaurus rex was vicious, and Tyrannosaurus rex had tiny arms.

T. rex dominated the Western United States during the Cretaceous Period, from 68 million

to 66 million years ago.

And in its day, was the largest carnivore on land.

But for such a fearsome predator, it certainly had its quirks – like those teeny tiny arms,

the source of so many jokes about how a tyrannosaurus couldn't do push ups, or give a decent high

five.

Even from a biological perspective, they look pretty small.

The average T rex weighed about 10,000 kilograms, and stood between four and a half to 6 meters

tall.

But its two-fingered forelimbs were less than one eighth as long as its hindlimbs – probably

only a little bigger than your own arms.

And the story of how T-Rex lost its arms is, itself, pretty simple.

But the story of why it kept those little limbs, and how it used them?

that's a little more complicated.

The short answer as to why T. rex had tiny arms was, well, they ran in the family.

Early ancestors of the genus Tyrannosaurus included the prosauropods, which first appeared

way back in the Triassic, and had forelimbs just as long as their hindlimbs.

But as time went on, more and more of these early dinosaurs became bipedal.

And once they were standing on their hind legs, their front limbs were suddenly freed

up to be used in different ways.

And many of the early carnivorous bipedal dinosaurs had sharp claws on their forelimbs,

which made them more useful for hunting with than for standing on.

But the group that wound up producing Tyrannosaurus rex took an evolutionary right turn somewhere

in the Jurassic, 150 million years ago.

Instead of relying on their forelimbs to help them hunt, members of the superfamily

known as Tyrannosauroidea - which includes Tyrannosaurus and its relatives - started

to use their jaws

One of the earliest Tyrannosaurs is Guanlong,

a small, 150-million-year-old dinosaur from China.

Guanlong had a tiny head, and long forelimbs - well, long for a Tyrannosaur anyway, about

half the length of its legs.

But fast forward about 25 million years in China and you find Raptorex , which had the

same basic body plan, but with different proportions.

Raptorex was still only about 1 meter tall, but its head was about one-third larger than

Guanlong's, and its forelimbs were about half as long.

So, Raptorex looked a lot like a tiny, pocket-sized version of Tyrannosaurus rex – but it shows

up in the fossil record about 70 million years before T. rex did.

That means that the characteristics we think of as defining T-rex -- namely a huge head

and tiny forelimbs – were actually part of a 90-million-year trend in that direction.

And that big head wasn't just for looks.

Its enormous jaws gave T. rex a bite force up to 57,000 Newtons, which is enough power

to pulverize bone.

With a bite that nasty, having long forelimbs really wasn't necessary.

But beyond that, long arms weren't just "not needed" – for some dinosaurs, they

were kind of in the way.

That's because of how bipedal dinosaurs walked.

We swing our arms when we walk and run, to help us maintain balance to keep our upper

body stable.

But dinosaurs like tyrannosaurs had long, rigid tails, which acted as stabilizers.

So they didn't need to swing their arms.

If anything, having big forelimbs would have just slowed them down.

From what we know about the mechanics of their bones and musculature, we know that the natural

body posture for many tyrannosaurs was with their forelimbs tucked close to their body.

Some specimens have even been found in this position as fossils!

This type of research, by the way, is also how we know that Tyrannosaurus and other carnivorous

dinosaurs held their forearms with their palms facing each other, and that they didn't

have the wrist mobility to hold them facing down.

So, when you're doing your T. rex impression, make sure you're like ahhhh

Never like this. That's inaccurate!

And if you want to be totally accurate about it -- and of course you would, because why

wouldn't you?

-- then you should only use your thumb and your forefinger, because those two digits

are the ones that T. rex retained. So like ahhhhhhh

So that's how Tyrannosaurus rex, or Tyrannosauroidea in general, lost their big arms: Over 90 million

years, their heads got bigger, as their jaws became their primary weapons.

And their forelimbs got smaller, because that probably made it easier for them to move around.

But, T-rex still had arms!

If they were such a liability, why didn't it just lose them entirely?

Well, that's a little more complicated.

Initially, paleontologists thought that T. rex forelimbs were vestigial, just leftover

relics of true arms that were so small as to be useless.

But after lots of study of some well-preserved fossil finds, we've learned that their forelimbs

were covered in muscle attachments.

So, while they weren't very strong, their arms could move.

So what could they have been used for?

One of the most common theories is that T. rex used its forelimbs during mating.

Studies on the biomechanics of its arms have shown that they were pretty powerful at adduction,

which is the technical term for the movement you make when you hug something.

So, adduction could've been used either as part of courtship – cuz who doesn't

like a good cuddle?! -- or to help hold male Tyrannosaurus in place during mating.

However, other scientists think T. rex could have used its limbs not for loving but for

fighting.

Its fingers, after all, were tipped with claws that were about a quarter the length of the

whole forelimb.

Still, that's less than half as large as one of their teeth.

And although the arms were muscular, they didn't measure up to force of its bone-crunching

bite.

So if these arms were used to slash at prey, it was only as a supplement for the killing

power of its jaws.

Others have suggested that T. rex used its hugging skills to kill, planting its forelimbs

into its prey while biting down, dealing a death blow and a death hug at the same time.

And of course, it's always possible that there wasn't actually any use for these

tiny forelimbs.

Maybe T. rex arms were what we call a spandrel – a byproduct of other evolutionary changes

that doesn't necessarily have a purpose or advantage of its own.

Over millions of years, Tyrannosauroidea followed an evolutionary course toward having smaller

forelimbs and bigger heads.

So maybe, if they hadn't gone extinct, the descendants of T rex would have had gone one

step further and lost their forelimbs entirely.

Truth be told, if we're ever going to really know how Tyrannosaurus rex used its arms – if

it did at all – we're going to need to find more fossils.

For example, to figure out if T. rex used its forelimbs for slashing, paleontologists

would need to find a fossil that had slash marks that clearly came from T. rex claws.

And we haven't found that yet.

And, even more challenging, to know whether Tyrannosaurus rex used its forelimbs during

mating, we'd have to find two T. rexes preserved "in the act", so to say.

And that would be a remarkable find

But that's part of what makes paleontology so interesting – there are always more questions

to be answered.

To figure them out, we just have to dig up the right fossils.

Thanks for joining me today!

And in case you didn't know, Eons is now on Patreon!

Patreon is a voluntary subscription service that helps fund

good content like hopefully you think this is

So if you'd like to support our show, head over to patreon.com/eons and sign up at any

level you want!

Now let me know what you want to learn about!

Leave a comment down below, and if you haven't already, go to youtube.com/eons and subscribe.

We want to thank all our patrons who help make these videos possible, and we want to

to really thank our eontologists, Duncan Miller and David Rasmussen.

Thank you so much for your support!

If you'd like to join them, head over to patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool

rewards.

For more infomation >> How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms - Duration: 7:41.

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Mandala Drawing Time Lapse With Colorful Sharpies! - Duration: 2:26.

hello

Today's drawing is gonna be of a mandala i'll be using sharpies this time i usually, don't draw with color i've always worked with

Black, and white and i felt that, was my specialty?

but for this i wanted to be a bit creative and try something, new so i start in the center i drew a circle i

Kept repeating patterns and designs and adding a little intricate details where i could

It's a bit of a cross between a mandala and his entangle

there's some floral designs and

plant-like art in it as, well i

kept repeating patterns of leaves and i have some news, about, mays drawing i thought

about trying to beat the world record for the largest hand-drawn maze i

Looked online in the current world record is just over a thousand square feet i?

Feel like i could, beat that easily if i really put the time into it

the guy, that did it

Took, him 41 hours i've done drawings i've taken me hundreds of hours so if i push myself and really put

my mind to it i

Really, truly think i can beat that

If you have any ideas about types of mandalas the draw, any tips you have for it go ahead and let me know

Like to add that into, my drawing and see what i can, make if have any suggestions about, some colors you

Want me to use i can, add those in as, well?

i'm thinking about doing, some drawings of

Animals and making it like a mandala such as drawing the animal

On the paper such as the outline of it and then going in and adding all the details to it if you're

New, to my channel and you're, not sure what type of art to make have a description

About me section on my profile i do all kinds of different art

mandalas zentangle realism sketching portraits i

Do oil, acrylic watercolor i even do a, little bit pastel drawing or even those crayons or cheap art. Supplies

Whatever i have around, me i'll start doodling and drawing with

It doesn't really matter as long as i just get started on something and i can just let

My, creativity flow i always surprised myself, by what i'm able to draw

This drawing only took, me an hour to do i just kept repeating patterns over and over as fast as i could

until i got it done i feel proud of this drawing, because always had a hard time with i

Look, forward to doing more of these so if you see a lot of mandala drawings that are being uploaded it's because of this one

i'll keep making these in

Thank you for watching

For more infomation >> Mandala Drawing Time Lapse With Colorful Sharpies! - Duration: 2:26.

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Life is crazy what do I do? - Duration: 5:45.

Hello everyone, welcome back to....

Okay

This week there is nothing special

But there is just one thing that I want to say

In life, have you ever felt like you are just too busy?

Well, life gets crazy

Life itself is crazy

But, you know there's a saying

When life gives you lemon

Make a lemonade!

The thing is, to make a good lemonade, if you want it to be nice

You need sugar

You need to mix it with water, not just the lemon

So there's a lot of things needed to make the lemonade

In this situation for me

This past week I was sick and I don't have time to make video

What I've been trying to do

and what Grace often told me

I need to make a plan

a solid plan and not just a plan in my head

I'm a very visual person, so.....

I need to look at something tat I can refer to

So today I'm going to try and make

DIY calendar from a whiteboard!!!

So yeah, here we go!!!

Okay, so a few things that you need

to make the DIY calendar

of course you need the whiteboard itself

and then

depending on how big the whiteboard is

you need a measuring tape

and...what I found out is

ahh, I forgot what is this called

Okay soo

and washi tape

so washi tape is basically like

sticky tape but it's easier to peel off

and it doesn't leave any mark

and you can choose what color you want

there's a lot of colors here

so the colors there and measuring tape

and the whiteboard itself

so I've started making it halfway

this is what I've come up with at the moment

and I still need to continue this

and the measuring tape is for measurement *d'oh"

Even though I think this is still uneven

and the most important

while you are doing all these

there are two things

One, we need coffee while doing the work

and also we need snack

and today I have

Bika Ambon!!!

So yeah, I'm going to continue the work

Hopefully it will turn out good

Okay there is one important thing that I forgot to mention

to continue this work we need cutter

to cut the extra lines that we don't need, but...

I don't have a cutter at home

and we have to make do with whatever we have

so I have this small scissors

what kind of scissors is this?

I usually used this to trim my nose hair

Guys...Intermezzo

Do you know what kind of action is lying to your friend?

That is a very....

despiteful action *indo pun alert*

Guys...another intermezzo

Do guys know an old Britney Spears' song

not "Hit me baby one more time"

there is another one that is quite famous

You don't know?

Here, let me sing it for you, the song is

*lame pun alert*

Okay guys, after quite a while

it's finally done

This is how it look like

and the good thing about this is...

so if we had change month

we can easily change it

we can erase it

then we can change the date and month

we can put my "to do list" here, here and here

and this is probably the important stuff

or whatever, I don't know

what to do with this space

but yeah, basically it look like this, it's not perfect

but I think it's good enough and probably...

I need colorful marker so that it looks prettier

so yeah that's it for this week

and hopefully this will help

for my planning stage going forward

of things that I wanted to do and things that I can do

I have a lot of things that I want to do

But can't do due to my poor time management, hopefully this would help

and yeah that's it

Alright, see you guys next week, byeeee

For more infomation >> Life is crazy what do I do? - Duration: 5:45.

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Cardi B et Offset se sont mariés en secret ! - Duration: 1:25.

 La deux rappeurs américains sont d'ores et déjà mariés ! Les rumeurs allaient bon train depuis qu'Offset a publiquement remercié "sa femme" sur la scène des BET Awards ce dimanche 24 juin 2018

Dès le lendemain, Cardi B a finalement confirmé son mariage secret sur son compte Twitter

   Enceinte de son premier enfant, l'interprète du titre I Like It s'est expliquée sur les réseaux sociaux

La jeune femme de 25 ans a d'abord introduit son message en écrivant : "Voilà pourquoi j'ai appelé mon album Invasion of privacy"

Elle raconte ensuite : "Il y a tellement de moments que je partage avec le monde et il y a les moments que je garde pour moi ! Me marier en fait partie !" 

For more infomation >> Cardi B et Offset se sont mariés en secret ! - Duration: 1:25.

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✅ Stéphane Plaza comédien : son bel hommage à sa mère décédée dévoilé - Duration: 3:19.

 Alors que l'animateur phare de la chaîne M6 est régulièrement occupé à tourner ses deux émissions "Chasseurs d'appart'" et "Recherche appartement ou maison", il s'est lancé dans le tournage du prochain film de Didier Van Cauwelaert

Pour son premier grand rôle sur grand écran, Stéphane Plaza a eu la chance de pouvoir rendre hommage à sa mère décédée

Didier Van Cauwelaert, qui a pris beaucoup de plaisir à travailler avec l'animateur, s'est confié au magazine Gala en juin 2018 sur le tournage de son film "J'ai perdu Albert"

Le réalisateur a notamment fait des révélations surprenantes sur la mère de l'acteur de son film : "Il y a eu des clins d'oeil étonnants : la diffusion télé de la pièce de Stéphane 'Le Fusible' a été fixée,pour des raisons techniques, au 6 juin 2017, un an jour pour jour après la mort de sa mère

" Didier Van Cauwelaert a ensuite ajouté : "Et je viens d'apprendre que la date de sortie de notre film, le 12 septembre prochain, est le jour où la mère de Stéphane est née

""Le deuil est toujours là" Des coïncidences qui ont de quoi réchauffer le coeur du comédien, qui s'était déjà exprimé auparavant sur le décès de sa mère à la fin de sa pièce le 6 juin 2017 : "C'est des larmes de bonheur

Là, on était deux. Ma maman est toujours là. J'espère qu'elle est fière, c'est tout

Je suis content. (.) Le deuil est toujours là, la peine et le chagrin seront toujours là mais en tout cas, on est plus fort et en tout cas, je continue à faire les choses pour elle"

L'acteur du prochain film "J'ai perdu Albert" s'était également livré sur le décès de sa mère à l'occasion de la fête des mères le 27 mai dernier

  Sur Instagram, Stéphane Plaza avait posté un message dédié à sa mère à côté d'une photo de celle-ci : "La plus belle des mamans

Tu me manques tellement journée difficile … Nous avons commencé par habiter 9 mois ensemble, nous avons toujours été en osmose et dans le respect l'un pour l'autre mais il a fallu se quitter il y a 2 ans brutalement et sans raison valable

Je te laisse choisir le loft sans vis à vis qui nous réunira tout la haut le moment venu

Je t'aime …" Un message bouleversant qui nous montre une fois de plus la belle sensibilité du célèbre agent immobilier

 Par Loane Nader

For more infomation >> ✅ Stéphane Plaza comédien : son bel hommage à sa mère décédée dévoilé - Duration: 3:19.

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These Divers Found $4.5 Million Sunken Treasure, You Better Believe They're Going Back For The Rest! - Duration: 4:24.

July 24, 1715 a fleet of 12 ships left Havana, Cuba to return to Spain with a cargo hold

full of treasure. Just one week after setting sail, On July 31, 1715, the fleet was caught

up in a hurricane off the coast of Florida and 11 of the 12 ships were lost to the storm

after being pushed into the outer edge of a reef. Over 1,000 sailors lost their lives

when their ships sunk into the Atlantic Ocean. But they weren't the only casualties that

day, the treasure that was on its way to Spain was also lost to the seas. Since then, the

occasional coin would wash up on shore from time to time sparking continued interest in

treasure hunters that were hopeful to find the bulk of the treasure laying somewhere

along the ocean floor.

Everyone dreams of finding buried treasure or winning the lottery, but very rarely does

it actually happen. However, 300 years to the exact day of the treasure being lost to

the hurricane, a group of treasure hunters struck gold, literally. On July 31, 2015 over

300 gold pieces were found just 15 feet off the Florida Coastline and in only 8 feet of

water. The gold coins were found by William Bartlett with his crew consisting of the captain

of their boat, Jonah Martinez, and fellow treasure hunter Dan Beckingham.

The 350 gold pieces were sitting on the sandy floor, just 8 feet below the surface of the

ocean. They used the propeller of their boat to remove the top layer of sand from the ocean

floor in order to reach bedrock, which is where these gold coins were discovered!

It took 5 exciting days to salvage what coins they could from the ocean floor.

"We all enjoy doing this and we all know the odds when we're out there and finding

nothing," Martinez said. "To be able to go and do that, and then succeed in something

like that, is more than any treasure."

It's hard to believe that such an amazing treasure was so close to shore and that it

took 300 years to find.

The Gold found by Bartlett and his crew is worth an estimated $4.5 million dollars. Bartlett

commented that the gold coins were in such great shape, they could have fallen off the

ship yesterday.

Although the crew can't keep the actual gold in their find, it must have been extremely

satisfying being able to handle and organize all this gold!

Part of their discover included 9 larger pieces of gold called Royals. Prior to this discovery

there were only a reported 20 Royals known in existence. These large gold coins were

tokens given out by King Phillip V to other important people in the monarchy as a presentation

piece. Each of the Royals are valued at an estimated $300k each

This picture shows the crew as well as Brent Brisben who owns the salvage company Queen's

Jewels which owns the right to the 1715 shipwreck site.

So far $6.5 million dollars worth of gold have been recovered from the disastrous fleet

wreck 300 years ago, and there is about 400 million more yet to be discovered. Queen's

Jewels owns the right to the wreck and hires subcontractors, like Bartlett and his crew,

to treasure hunt for them. The subcontractors are responsible for all expenses, which could

add up to over $50k a summer searching for sunken treasure, but they get to keep a percentage

of their find if they happen across any treasure from the 1715 shipwreck. Brisben's company

bought the right to this particular treasure from Mel Fisher who won a court battle in

1980 for the rights because Spain hadn't shown much interest on the lost treasure even

though it originally belonged to Spain. However, the state of Florida did assert rights to

any treasure found on their coastline. They get 20% which they will display in their museums!

For more infomation >> These Divers Found $4.5 Million Sunken Treasure, You Better Believe They're Going Back For The Rest! - Duration: 4:24.

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BLACKPINK Could Be Bigger Than 2NE1; Rosé, Lisa, Jennie, Jisoo Get Invites For US Shows - Duration: 4:21.

BLACKPINK Could Be Bigger Than 2NE1; Rosé, Lisa, Jennie, Jisoo Get Invites For US Shows   BLACKPINK may be up for international recognition

OSEN's latest report says that U.S. producers and networks are looking into inviting the popular girl group

 According to a source, the offers from BLACKPINK show that the response of Korean fans have been overwhelming, which means there's a huge potential that the group may be able to thrive in the Western market

While YG Entertainment hasn't dropped names, a representative confirmed that BLACKPINK has, indeed, been offered appearances in many parts of the globe, including the United States

 BLACKPINK's Success  The power group returned in the Korean pop scene with the mini album "Square Up" on June 15, solidifying its status as one of the country's premier girl groups

In fact, BLACKPINK's music video for the carrier single "DDU-DU DDU-DU" broke records upon gaining the highest number of views for a girl group in 24 hours

 Additionally, BLACKPINK topped QQ Music and Oricon charts while successfully conquering the United Kingdom, becoming the first K-Pop girl group to enter the country's Official Single Charts

 BLACKPINK: The New 2NE1?  From the time of BLACKPINK's debut, they have often been compared to 2NE1

Fans have noticed both girls group's similarity in terms of performance, fashion, color, and music video style

 In a recent interview, producer Yang Hyun Suk did confirm he is aware of the groups' similarities

However, he believes that the comparison won't last.  ".there were certain points that we couldn't avoid having them compared," Yang Hyun Suk said

"However, the members as well as their strengths and weaknesses are all different so I believe that comparison won't last

"  When asked about BLACKPINK's future performances abroad, the YG Entertainment founder said that he sees a strong response, and an advantage is that three of the four members of the girl group can speak English like a native

 Good news for BLACKPINK fans is, YG is planning to release a new song within the year

The company is also planning to take BLACKPINK abroad for tours and appearances, and allow international fans to interact with the girls as a way of showing their gratitude