The 28 species of clownfish are subdivided into in groups that we call complexes.
We will study one by one in this video series
Are they: Percula, Tomato, Skunk, Clarkii, Saddleback
and Maroons.
Do not forget to enjoy each one of them and get informed about you.
The orange clown fish (Amphiprion percula) is widely known as a popular fish
of aquarium.
Like other clownfishes (also known as such as anemonefishes), often lives in
association with sea anemones.
Amphiprion percula is specifically associated with with the anemones Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla
and, as a larva, they use chemical cues released from anemones to identify and
to locate the appropriate host species to use them for shelter and protection.
This causes preferential selection when their host species of anemone.
Although popular, keeping this species in captivity is quite complex.
The Marine Park Authority of the Great Barrier chooses the number of licenses for
which are issued to traders of aquarium fish looking for this and other
tropical fish in the Marinho Grande Recife's barrier.
The symbiosis between the clown and anemones depends that the clown would attract other fish to the
anemone, where they are stung by their tentacles poisonous
The anemone helps the fish by protecting predators, which include starfish, wrasses
and other maidens, and the fish helps the anemone feeding it, increasing oxygenation and
removing the waste material from the host.
There are several assumptions about of the fish to live inside the anemone without
are impaired.
A study conducted in Marineland of the Pacific by Dr.
Demorest Davenport and Dr.
Kenneth Noris in 1958 revealed that mucus secreted by the clown fish prevented the anemone from
their lethal nematocysts.
A second hypothesis is that A. percula acquired immunity to anemone toxins
of the sea, and was shown experimentally as a combination of the two.
The fish feed on algae, zooplankton, worms and small crustaceans.
reproduction Since these fish live in an environment
hot water, they can reproduce during the year.
Each group of fish consists of a pair of playback and 0-4 non-creators.
Within each group there is a hierarchy based in size:the female is larger, the breeding male
is the second largest, and male non-breeders become smaller and smaller as the hierarchy
descends.
Each fish is born male, but will only change to
the female if the only female breeder dies.
If the female dies, the male reproductive changes sex, it becomes the breeding female and the
the larger non-breeder becomes the breeding male.
The spawning process is correlated with the lunar cycle.
At night, the moon maintains a higher level of alert in fish and this increases the interaction
with males and females.
Before pairing, the male draws the female through of courtship behavior.
Such courtship actions include extending its fins, biting the female and chasing her.
Males also swim quickly in a upward and downward movement to attract
the females.
The location of the nest is also important for the survival of eggs.
Depending on the size of the female
400-1500 eggs per cycle.
The expected period of rearing females is approximately 12 years and is relatively
long for a fish of its size, but it is characteristic of other reef fish.
It was not clear why non-breeding continue to associate with these groups.
Unlike the non-reproductive ones in some groups of animals, they can not
of occasional reproduction because their gonads are not functional.
They can not be considered helpers in the nest, because he discovered that his presence
does not increase the reproductive success of the breeders.
Recent research (Buston, 2004) suggests that they are simply queuing for
the territory occupied by the breeders, that is, the anemone; non-breeding
living in association with the breeding have a better chance of eventually securing
territory than a non-resident.
The probability of a fish climbing this queue is equal to that of the individual who
at least one of its dominant ones, because an individual will move up if some
of its rulers die and not simply when its immediate dominant dies.
The development of juvenile fish for depends on the hierarchical system and can
be described as density dependent.
There is aggression involved in these small families, although not usually among the male sex
and feminine.
Aggression usually exists between males.
The greatest man will suppress the development of the next male minor and the cycle will continue
until the smaller fish is dumped from the anemone hostess.
Within each anemone, the regulation of the species is controlled by the female once
that the amount of space for fish in the anemone is directly proportional to its
size (which eventually reaches the maximum), then it controls the size of the other fish.
Amphiprion percula is a very competitive fish and this causes the smaller fish to have a
atrophied growth.
There is the potential for a fish to ranking, contesting its dominant.
This depends on the relative body sizes of the two fish, and it is very unlikely that
happens, since A. percula maintains well-defined size differences between
adjacent individuals in position.
However, in an aquarium, this fish is peaceful, and can live well in an environment
of aquarium.
Fish lay their eggs in a safe place near the anemone where they are easily
protected, and parents can withdraw to the safety of the anemone if the danger threatens.
The clown usually puts his nests to the night after a few days of careful cleaning
and examination of the chosen place.
The preferred egg sites are flat stones or slightly curved or some other item
that the fish dragged near its nest to the effect.
(In captivity, clay pots and saucers are an attractive choice.)
First, the female lays down some your ovipositor (a whitish tube that
descends from the belly), taking stock of the surface, then the male follows behind
to fertilize the eggs. After many passages, the nest is complete and will hatch in 6-8
few days after sunset, usually on a very dark night.
However, the male is very protective of the nest and incessantly stirs the eggs to provide
circulation of oxygen and verifies them As for any bad egg, what does it eat?
before they can rot and damage more eggs.
Females may or may not help the male to take care of the nest.
In incubation, the larvae explode and swim towards the moon and the open ocean to
ride the chains and eat plankton for about of a week, before the still tiny
clowns return to the reef and look for an anemone to settle in.
Eventually the cycle repeats itself.
Development The development of A. percula is relatively
fast.
After the eggs are fertilized, they ready to hatch after about
six to seven days.
After incubation, the larvae are very small and transparent, except for the eyes, the bag
yolk and some color throughout the body.
The larva then sinks into the benthic environment, but then nothing to the upper water column.
The larva spends about a week floating between the plankton and is carried
ocean currents.
The larval stage ends when A. percula sets in the ocean floor.
The process of larval stages for juveniles takes about a day.
There is rapid color development during the juvenile stage of A. percula.
During the juvenile stage, the anemonefish must find a suitable anemone host.
Specific chemical components are used When finding your host.
These chemical clues are different for each anemone.
This causes preferential selection when their host species of anemone.
When A. percula comes in contact with the anemone, it produces a protective mucosal lining.
This mucosal lining is developed with multiple interactions with the host anemone.
A. percula dances around the anemone, playing their fins first to the tentacles
and then your entire body during your first interaction with the anemone.
This process may take a few minutes or up to several hours.
If A. percula does not continue to contact with the host anemone, the protective cover
of the mucosa may disappear.
A. percula belongs to a group of fish that are not stung by anemone nematocysts.
If A. percula did not have the mucosa, they would be stung.
Other species of fish that do not have mucosa are consumed by the anemone.
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