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CRひぐらしのなく頃に~叫 ~どん底から這い上がれるか!研ぎ澄ませいそまる!~ 動画 その② [製品 Scarlett パチンコ] - Duration: 20:07. For more infomation >> CRひぐらしのなく頃に~叫 ~どん底から這い上がれるか!研ぎ澄ませいそまる!~ 動画 その② [製品 Scarlett パチンコ] - Duration: 20:07.-------------------------------------------
Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59. For more infomation >> Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59.-------------------------------------------
The Joker's Wild For more infomation >> The Joker's Wild-------------------------------------------
Bientôt les fêtes, et on s"apprête...sous titrée - Duration: 4:11. For more infomation >> Bientôt les fêtes, et on s"apprête...sous titrée - Duration: 4:11.-------------------------------------------
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Audi Q7 3.0 TDi 272 pk Quattro Tiptronic Pro Line S / S Line / 7-zits / 21" - Duration: 1:02. For more infomation >> Audi Q7 3.0 TDi 272 pk Quattro Tiptronic Pro Line S / S Line / 7-zits / 21" - Duration: 1:02.-------------------------------------------
Audi A5 Cabriolet 1.8 TFSi 170 pk Aut. S Line / B&O / 19" - Duration: 0:54. For more infomation >> Audi A5 Cabriolet 1.8 TFSi 170 pk Aut. S Line / B&O / 19" - Duration: 0:54.-------------------------------------------
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Un homme voit son dernier vœu exaucé juste avant sa mort - France 365 - Duration: 3:43. For more infomation >> Un homme voit son dernier vœu exaucé juste avant sa mort - France 365 - Duration: 3:43.-------------------------------------------
A Coffee With HER DAD || ಕನ್ನಡ ವೆಬ್ ಸೀರೀಸ್ || Episode 01 - Duration: 20:27.Dialing a number.....
Ringing...
Hello.....
Look I can't turn down any more marriage proposals
and I do not have any hope in you that you will convince my father
Stop telling that you want settle down. If you still want money even I will work
From past one year we have been discussing the same, Now I don't have any patience.
So, what you want me to do.
Do what ever you want, but me ....
I already left home and now in Road no.: 4.
What....
What..? I told you yesterday only that I need more time
Look, No more discussions. Just tell me whether you are coming or not, that's all.
Ha.....ok ok coming...
3 Years back the girl, who used to say that, she will marry me only if her father accepts, is on Road today.
Why am I thinking this much today, even though Once I rushed, as soon as she asked me to speak to her father.
What is that major change. By Then and Now
A song in FM.....
What Dude! You are just going to meet your girl's father for fixing the marriage know.
Then why so tensed dude.....
.....by the way, Tell me your love story so that you will get some courage.
There is nothing called my love story, it's all her dad's story
Why dude... You both are the hottest couple in the college know.
See Dude....I will show you three scenes of my love story, which no one of you know.
From where I should start. Ha.... I will start with the Proposal scene.
Then only you will get a good CLARITY.
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Voici comment prévenir le cancer du col de l'utérus - Duration: 4:44. For more infomation >> Voici comment prévenir le cancer du col de l'utérus - Duration: 4:44.-------------------------------------------
Shocking News Qatar & Russia Sign Defence Cooperation Agreement - Duration: 1:49.Qatar and Russia have signed a memorandum-of-understanding (MoU) calling for increased military and technical
cooperation.
The MoU was signed by Qatar's Minister of State for Defence Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah
and his Russian counterpart Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu in Doha on Wednesday, October
25.
According to the Gulf Times, the MoU paves the way for the supply of armaments, including
air defence systems.
Additional specifics were not provided.
In 2017 the Russian defence industry has been making major inroads in the Arab Gulf and
Middle East.
Its most notable commercial success has been the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf long-range air
defence system, which has been ordered by Turkey and is now drawing active interest
from Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.
Qatar has charted a significant modernization roadmap for its armed forces.
Of note are Doha's plans for the Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF), which has 24 Dassault Rafale
and 36 Boeing F-15QA fighters on order.
In September, Qatar also signed a letter-of-intent with BAE Systems for 24 Eurofighter Typhoon
multi-role fighters and six Hawk trainer aircraft.
For Qatar, it is worth noting that it is forging a diverse arms supplier pool.
Besides securing combat aircraft from three major suppliers (i.e. the U.S., France and
the U.K), it has ordered land and naval systems from Germany and Italy, respectively.
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Le père d'une fille meurt en 2007 – 10 ans plus tard, tout le monde est choqué de voir qui... - Duration: 5:24. For more infomation >> Le père d'une fille meurt en 2007 – 10 ans plus tard, tout le monde est choqué de voir qui... - Duration: 5:24.-------------------------------------------
Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59. For more infomation >> Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59.-------------------------------------------
A simple flower out of paper. DIY origami modules for beginners - Duration: 2:19. For more infomation >> A simple flower out of paper. DIY origami modules for beginners - Duration: 2:19.-------------------------------------------
Rockets' Buzzer Beater, Beats the 6ers!! 🏀🕥 🏀🕥 - Duration: 3:51. For more infomation >> Rockets' Buzzer Beater, Beats the 6ers!! 🏀🕥 🏀🕥 - Duration: 3:51.-------------------------------------------
Le père d'une fille meurt en 2007 – 10 ans plus tard, tout le monde est choqué de voir qui... - Duration: 5:24. For more infomation >> Le père d'une fille meurt en 2007 – 10 ans plus tard, tout le monde est choqué de voir qui... - Duration: 5:24.-------------------------------------------
Volvo XC60 2.4D MOMENTUM 2.4D Xenon, Leer, Cruise, PDC, ECC, Navi - Duration: 0:57. For more infomation >> Volvo XC60 2.4D MOMENTUM 2.4D Xenon, Leer, Cruise, PDC, ECC, Navi - Duration: 0:57.-------------------------------------------
The Mixed Methods Research Integration Trilogy and Its Dimensions - Duration: 7:24.Hello. Welcome. I'm Mike Fetters. I'm a professor in the Department of Family
Medicine at the University of Michigan. I'm also the co-director of the
Michigan Mixed Methods Research and Scholarship Program. I am also the
co-chief editor of the Journal of mixed methods research.
Okay, so we're going to
talk about the Mixed Methods Research Integration Trilogy and It's Dimensions. I
think you're gonna find this really interesting and very new. So the key to
achieving greater value in mixed methods research is the notion of
integration. The idea of integration previously, was largely taken to mean
just bringing together of the qualitative and quantitative findings,
and then achieving a more comprehensive meaning or understanding.
In our editorial in the "Journal of Mixed Methods Research", with my co-author
José Francisco Melina-Azorin, we introduced the mixed methods research integration
trilogy and it's dimensions. In the editorial we define integration in the
context of mixed methods research as the linking of qualitative and quantitative
approaches and dimensions together to create a new whole or a more holistic
understanding than achieved by either alone.
Over the past three decades a mixed methods tsunami has been moving across the globe as
researchers of all backgrounds have been discovering modern mixed methods
research. While researchers in many fields have used qualitative and
quantitative procedures together for centuries, modern mixed methods differs
because it's referring to the development of systematic approaches and
rhetoric that allows researchers to share common procedures and language
across many disciplines. And I'm going to deviate a minute, just to talk about how
mixed methods research is a very simple idea. Mixed methods researchers unite the
strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research. Previously, with my
colleague Don Freshwater, we summarized this as the equation of "one plus one
equals three". That is, when you bring together the qualitative approach 'one'
with a quantitative approach 'one', mixed methods researchers strive to achieve a
sum of three, something greater than the value of the individual parts. So the
mixed methods trilogy helps us advance this thinking. And how it does that, the
mixed methods integration trilogy symbolizes and extends, more
comprehensively, how all dimensions of the mixed methods research approach can
be integrated. The philosophical, methodological, and methods comprise the
three key aspects of the mixed methods research trilogy. The mixed methods
research integration trilogy provides an overarching conceptualization of how
mixed methods researchers can then mix both qualitative and quantitative
traditions in a systematic way. We define the integration trilogy as an
overarching concept that includes all dimensions. We're philosophers,
ethicists, methodologists, applied researchers, and other academicians can
consider in a meaningful way mixed methods approaches at the
philosophical, methodological, and methods level to inform an all-encompassing
mixed methods research approach. Now, to illustrate this for you conceptually, we
use a triangle with the three sides of the philosophical, methodological, and
methods, with integration located centrally, as shown in the figure. The
philosophical side of the triangle denotes the system of thought and
theoretical underpinnings about the nature of reality, also referred to
technically, as ontology. It also involves knowledge, also known as epistemology, and
values: axiology. Thus far, mixed methods researchers have conceptualized no less
than five philosophical stances that justify using mixed methods research.
These include pragmatism, participatory transformative, critical realism,
post-modernism, and dialectical pluralism. Dialectical pluralism stands unique
among these stances, as it justifies the use of different philosophical stances in a
single mixed methods research study. So we've talked about the philosophical, now
we want to talk about the methodological side of the triangle. This signifies the
principles and underlying theory and system of methods use for conducting
mixed methods research. Finally, in addition to the philosophical and the
methodological, is the method side of the triangle, and this refers to the
procedures, techniques, approaches, and skills used to conduct mixed methods research.
In sum, the mixed methods trilogy expands thinking about
integration, as not just a technique for combining data collection and analysis,
but it's an overarching concept for the mixed methods approach.
When discussing integration and the context of mixed methods research, the final lesson is for
you, as a mixed methods researcher, to be specific about the particular dimension
when you refer to integration. Now, for more about integration through the
philosophical, methodological, and methods dimensions, consider watching some of our
other video abstracts about the mixed methods research integration trilogy and
it's dimensions.
I would like to thank my co-editor, José Francisco Melina-Azorin
who I co-authored this editorial with, and I would also like to acknowledge my
colleagues at the Michigan Mixed Methods Program. The co-director of
the Mixed Methods Program Dr. John Creswell, and other mixed methodologists
serving on our Program Executive Committee: Jane Forman, Tim Guetterman,
Arden Morris, and Sara Warber.
If you would like further information
about conducting mixed methods research, contact us at the Michigan Mixed Methods
Program. Our web address is at www.mixedmethods.org.
Thanks and good luck in your mixed methods adventures.
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Un homme voit son dernier vœu exaucé juste avant sa mort - France 365 - Duration: 3:43. For more infomation >> Un homme voit son dernier vœu exaucé juste avant sa mort - France 365 - Duration: 3:43.-------------------------------------------
Le réveil - Duration: 4:37. For more infomation >> Le réveil - Duration: 4:37.-------------------------------------------
Bientôt les fêtes, et on s"apprête...sous titrée - Duration: 4:11. For more infomation >> Bientôt les fêtes, et on s"apprête...sous titrée - Duration: 4:11.-------------------------------------------
20171026 開罐第二集 - Duration: 0:48. For more infomation >> 20171026 開罐第二集 - Duration: 0:48.-------------------------------------------
Hold You Too - (Paige Gordon Original) - Duration: 3:33.Every night that you spent crying Lonely and losing hope
Every time you felt like dying Your dreams going up in smoke
All the times that you were broken Need someone to hold you tight
I know the Father's love surrounded Made everything alright
But it breaks my heart I wasn't there So tonight, love, I swear
You never have to cry all alone You never have to do this on your own
He's always here and always knows His arms will always hold you close
And it won't be long, I promise you Til I can hold you too
All the times you came home hoping For someone to meet you there
Swing the front door open Run fingers through your hair
And the days when all you needed Was you to have your closest friend
Hear all your darkest secrets And say 'I love you' again
Yeah it breaks my heart I wasn't there So tonight, love, I swear
You never have to cry all alone You never have to do this on your own
He's always here and always knows His arms will always hold you close
And it won't be long, I promise you Til I can hold you too
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20171024 開罐第一集 - Duration: 2:32. For more infomation >> 20171024 開罐第一集 - Duration: 2:32.-------------------------------------------
Brownie Sin Huevo - #CocinaConFlandy - Duration: 5:11. For more infomation >> Brownie Sin Huevo - #CocinaConFlandy - Duration: 5:11.-------------------------------------------
Что делать после блокировки TOR браузера в России? Обход блокировки TOR в РФ! - Duration: 2:32.Hello to you channel Comp Help in today's video
we will talk about how to bypass the browser's lock
Tor in the Russian Federation.
If
who did not know, then I remind that from 1st November 2017
It shall enter into force adopted law prohibiting use
VPN and tor.
All providers in the territory this country will be required
block any attempt entrance to dipveb within
30 days (although some providers We have already made the lock.
I am not a citizen of this country and I about it until
experience is not necessary, but since 90 percent of my
subscribers are citizens The Russian Federation, and therefore decided to write
Rollick on this topic.
Citizens of other countries also I advise you not to take place
side and watch this video to end, and there is little
Whether that can happen tomorrow) And so proceed.
bypass method comprises in customizing
bridges.
To produce setting, go to the official
Tor developers site.
Link to the website in the description under the video.
If you have window opened in Russian then click
under item Get bridges, if English, then we click
GetBridges.
The following opens window, click on the button
"Just give me the address bridges or Just Give me bridges.
After that, we enter the captcha and here we get a code
is prepared address repeaters.
Copy this code and run Tor browser.
Then click on the bulb and select the parameter setting
Tor network (N), if the browser English then Tor network
configuration (N) After hitting in settings, put a checkmark
on the point of my ISP blocking access to the network
Tor, select the item to enter bridges and manually insert
here copied from the site code.
For reliability, it is desirable repeat this procedure
each day.
And I have that's all.
Thank you all for watching.
Loved or been useful to put this video
Like, who do not like it dislayk place.
Click the bell to do not miss the new video.
Write to someone comments it is not clear, share
this video with your friends and subscribe to my channel,
as well as to my group social networks.
All links in the description.
Bye everyone and see you in the next video!
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Rääkimata lood: Nõukogude hiilgeaja menüü | Delfi TV minidok - Duration: 16:10. For more infomation >> Rääkimata lood: Nõukogude hiilgeaja menüü | Delfi TV minidok - Duration: 16:10.-------------------------------------------
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Researcher Uses Mixed Reality for Data Analysis - Duration: 2:00.Now, we are at a time that many new technologies are evolving.
For example, computers become much more powerful
the algorithms become much more complex, and the data becomes much larger.
What about the human beings? So, this research is about involving humans into the loop.
What we're doing here is using mixed reality, augmented reality or virtual reality as
the new interaction tools for human beings to interact in the future world.
So, we think it's a very exciting field to go.
So this research is very different from traditional Computing Science research.
During the past, we often needed interaction tools like a keyboard or a mouse to interact
with data
but right now, the virtual, mixed reality provides a new opportunity for us
to fundamentally change the computing technologies.
We are going to work with the Great Smoky Mountains National Park through the University of Tennessee
on analyzing the species distribution and predictional models.
We're also going to work with Siemens Reseacrh, using high-fidelity imaging to diagnose cancer.
The third application we have is working with the Oak Ridge National Lab on analyzing
the climate change data during the past 20 years
and the last application we have is to analyze environmental data
and this is a collaboration project with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59. For more infomation >> Das deutsche Alphabet schreiben - Duration: 7:59.-------------------------------------------
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The Integration Trilogy and Its Dimensions: Getting Down to Details - Duration: 14:36.So hello. I'm Michael Fetters. I'm professor of Family Medicine at the
University of Michigan, and I'm also the co-director of the Michigan Mixed
Methods Research Program. Today I want to talk about integration. This is something
that a lot of people find somewhat difficult to understand and abstract, but
it's really pretty straightforward. And I think we can lead you through that
today.
Alright, so I'm going to talk about the Integration Trilogy and Its
Dimensions, and today we really want to get down into the details. I think you're
going to find this interesting. This work comes from an editorial that I published
with my co-author, José Francisco Molina-Azorin, where we introduced the
integration trilogy. It's an interesting article, I think, and goes into more depth,
so, if you have time, I would encourage you to consider reading it. So, what is
the research integration trilogy? The mixed methods research integration
trilogy symbolizes how all dimensions of the mixed methods research approach can
be integrated. So, simply speaking, that's bringing together the philosophical,
methodological, and methods, and these three comprise the key aspects of the
mixed methods research trilogy. The philosophical component refers to the
system of thought and theoretical underpinnings about the nature of
reality, which is often called the ontology; knowledge, also thought of as
epistemology; and values, that's axiology.
The methodological component refers to the principles and underlying theory and
system and methods you would use for conducting your mixed methods research.
And then the methods refer to the actual techniques, approaches, and skills that
you would use to conduct mixed methods research. Now, there are quite a few
dimensions of integration, and we're going to talk about these today. So, the
integration dimensions can be seen as including the philosophical, theoretical,
personal, team, literature review, research rationale,
study purpose, aims, and questions, research design, sampling, data collection,
data analysis, interpretation, rhetorical, dissemination, and research integrity. So
it might seem a little overwhelming, but let's go through these one at a time and
I think it will make sense. The philosophical dimension refers to
orienting the research based on philosophical assumptions. Can be
pragmatism, participatory transformative, critical realism, post-modernism, or
dialectical pluralism. Each of these has ontological, epistemological, and axiological
features. Relative to the theoretical dimension, researchers may
incorporate theory at two levels. First, a researcher may incorporate theory from
broad frameworks. So, that could come from feminist theory, or a theory of justice.
Second, a researcher such as yourself, may apply one of the many middle range
theories. So, examples might include the health beliefs model, social cognitive
theory, or ecological theory, just to name a few.
The researchers personal dimension recognizes how you, as a mixed methods
researcher, leverage your personal and professional experiences, and how these
lend you, as a mixed methods researcher, to consider and hold valuable
qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods procedures for making sense of
the world. Now, we're going to talk about the team
dimension of integration. So, the team dimension relates to creating and
orchestrating of mixed methods teams. Mixed methods teams can include both
content experts, so, that's individuals of different
disciplinary backgrounds, but also a second team dimension, which can include
methodology experts on the team. Someone who has qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods research expertise. To integrate at the team dimension, researchers seek
to optimize each team members' contributions to produce
the best quality mixed methods research. The literature review dimension. Now, this
is interesting because, through the literature review dimension, we want you
to thoroughly examine the existing literature about both qualitative and
quantitative research, and illustrate the need to conduct both of these. So, for
example, for qualitative research, we'll need you to illustrate the need for
in-depth description, or to understand the 'how and why' about a particular
phenomenon. And with quantitative research, be looking more at trends in a
population, associations, causality, etc. So this will be relative to the phenomena
that your interest. And this will then illustrate the need to produce knowledge
about the substantive topic from a mixed methods perspective.
The research rationale dimension is about how you're going to conduct an integrated
mixed methods study. So this dimension encompasses citing rationale for
conducting an integrated mixed methods research study. Mixed methods
research rationales can include offsetting strengths and weaknesses,
comparing, complementing or expanding another word, developing or building, and
promoting social justice.
In mixed methods, researchers need to compose an
overarching mixed methods research purpose, and they may state one
qualitative quantitative and mixed methods aims, or two, multiple mixed
methods aims composed of both quantitative aims and qualitative questions.
Now we're going to talk about the research design dimension now.
There's kind of a lot going on here, but I'll try and make it easy for you to
understand. Integration and the research design dimension means scaffolding the
work in core designs and/or advanced designs. Core designs can include
convergent, exploratory sequential, or explanatory sequential. Advanced designs,
which are sometimes also called complex designs, can include intervention, case
study, evaluation, participatory, or instrument or app development designs.
And given the advent of multiple app systems began a very popular design now.
Some also use emergent design. This basically means that the design is
emerging as the study unfolds, that will still often follow some combination of
the core advanced designs. Through the sampling dimension, researchers consider
the sampling relationship and the timing. The sampling relationship considers the
relationship of the qualitative and quantitative sample. That is, it can be an
identical sample, a nested sample, separate samples, or multi-level samples.
Second is the timing. So, you might have data collection occurring at the
same time, or it may be occurring at different times for both the qualitative
and the quantitative data. The data collection dimension is a very active
area of research in mixed methods right now, and it's a really interesting area
to understand more about. I like to think about what is the intent relative to the
mixed methods research procedures. So when you're planning
a study you need to think about how you're going to bring your qualitative
and quantitative data together. That can occur through comparing, through
matching, through diffracting, through expanding, through constructing a case,
through connecting, through building, through generating and validating a
model, and through embedding.
And once you collect your data, we need to think about
integration through the data analysis dimension. We're going to talk about two
possibilities. First is the intramethod analytics, which involves analyzing each
type of data within the respective qualitative and quantitative methods, and
using core integration analytics. So, the core integration analytics that you
might use after you've analyzed your qualitative
data and your quantitative data separately, include following a thread,
spiraling, or back-and-forth exchanges. For advanced intermethod analytics, the
goal is to do one of the following: do a transformation of qualitative to
quantitative data, or a transformation of quantitative to qualitative data. You may
also choose to create a joint display. You might use social network analysis.
You might use qualitative comparative analysis.
There's also repertory grid, or other scale development techniques, geographic
information systems, mapping techniques, and iterative and longitudinal queries
of the data. Next up, in terms of mixed methods integration, is the
interpretation dimension. This involves your interpreting the meaning of the
mixed findings. Where there are related data, drawing meta inferences or
conclusions based on interpreting the qualitative and quantitative findings.
And then examining for fit of the two types of data. So when you bring the
qualitative and quantitative data together, is there confirmation? Is there
complementarity? Do you find expansion or discordance? And when the results do
conflict or there is discordance, you have procedures to use for handling this,
including reconciliation, initiation, bracketing, and exclusion. The rhetorical
dimension of integration refers to how mixed methods researchers are creating
or adapting terminology intentionally and thoughtfully to reflect the mixed
methods approach. This involves writing with an integrated structure to
illustrate the mixed methods dimension. It involves structuring the findings,
and a narrative using contiguous or weaving presentations. It might involve
using metaphors to write about integration, or composing integrated
prose so you can effectively illustrate the added value of mixed methods
findings. The dissemination dimension: this is where you start getting the word
out about what you've done. This can occur through two approaches,
intrapublication and interpublication. Intrapublication refers to how mixed
methods researchers convey their findings to others through publication
in a single paper. So, there could also be not only a single publication, but also
multiple papers that all use mixed methods approaches together.
Contrast that with interpublication. Interpublication involves publishing a
qualitative paper, a quantitative paper, a mixed methods paper, and possibly a
methodological paper. But it could be any combination of these, such that there's
only one qualitative paper, and several mixed methods papers or methodological
papers. Of course, in any research, we need to
think about research integrity, and this is also an important dimension for
integration. In quantitative methods, people classically think about things
like validity and reliability. In qualitative methods, thinking about
trustworthiness, and in mixed methods, language has evolved to include the
language of validity, legitimation, and integrity. It's still evolving, so keep
your eyes open. Details about the research integration
trilogy. This is how you, as a mixed methods researcher, should strive
to attend to all components of the mixed methods integration trilogy. That is the
philosophical, methodological, and methods. I hope these details will help you
conceptualize and conduct your own mixed methods projects. As a reminder, if you
are interested in getting more information about how to do mixed
methods research, I would encourage you to find us at the Mixed Methods Program
here at the University of Michigan. There I serve, with my co-director John
Cresswell, and the Executive Committee of Jane Forman, Timothy Guetterman, Arden
Morris, and Sarah Warber. You may also be interested in looking at our website at
www.mixedmethods.org. Finally, I want to thank my co-editor, José Francisco Melina-Azorin,
who co-authored this publication with me. Thank you and good luck with
your mixed methods projects.
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What Will The Secret Files On The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy Reveal? | TODAY - Duration: 2:49. For more infomation >> What Will The Secret Files On The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy Reveal? | TODAY - Duration: 2:49.-------------------------------------------
Thor's Bifrost & Rainbows in Space | Physics vs Film - Duration: 5:44.Thor and his fellow Asgardians travel the nine realms using the
Bifrost. It's an Einstein-Rosen bridge or
wormhole which has a very distinctive look, hence its nickname the Rainbow
Bridge. Einstein-Rosen bridges are actual solutions to the equations of
general relativity. They're warping of space-time that can connect to very
distant points in space via a shortcut through the wormhole. Now we're not
actually sure whether nature allows for these solutions to the equations and how
we actually go about making a wormhole, one thing we can be sure of though
there's no way they'd have that distinctive rainbow look. Whilst white
light like that from the Sun is composed of a spectrum of colours, all of the
colours of the rainbow each with different wavelengths frequencies and
energies. According to general relativity all light irrespective of its energy
takes exactly the same path. There's no way that a warping of space-time can
give you a separation of the colors of light. So let's instead ask the question
are there rainbows out there in space? Rainbows form because of how light
travels through water. The speed of light is less in water than it is in air or in
a vacuum, so when it encounters water it slows down and bends in the process - this
is known as refraction. But the refractive index over the visible
spectrum, essentially how much light slows down, isn't constant - this is known
as dispersion. So the different colours of light end up bending by different
amounts, leading to the separation of the colours of the rainbow.
When this happens in a spherical droplet of water what you end up happening is
that white light incoming gets bent by 42 degrees back on itself. This comes out
of that water droplet as a cone which we see from a far distance as a rainbow.
The near vacuum of space is incredibly low pressure and incredibly cold, so what
happens when you take liquid water and expose it to space? The first thing to
change is the pressure. That drops down which actually causes the water to boil.
Only then does the temperatures start to drop down and the water freezes into
absolutely tiny crystals. This behaviour has been verified by astronauts when they
released their urine into space during spacewalks. But what it tells us is that
the liquid state of water is not allowed in space. But what about on other planets
or moons? We do know other worlds that have something like a hydrological cycle,
just not using water. For instance Venus has suspended droplets of sulphuric acid
and the Venus Express mission was able to capture an image of a phenomena very
similar to rainbows. These things called glories are what happens when the light
doesn't actually enter the droplet but they're still affected by their presence.
Similarly Saturn's moon of Titan has liquid methane and we think this could
cause methane rainbows, which would be ten percent bigger than the rainbows
here on Earth. We've not actually observed these because Titan's
atmosphere is incredibly hazy, but there's no reason to suggest why these
methane rainbows shouldn't exist from time to time.
But there's another optical phenomena that looks similar to a rainbow which might actually exist in
space: Halos. These are essentially exactly the
same as rainbows but instead of liquid droplets, we're talking about ice
crystals. Halos are actually far more prevalent on Earth than rainbows ever
are and because the shapes of ice crystals can take so many different
forms they produce some amazing patterns, which can be incredibly variable
depending on the orientation of the Sun and exactly what ice crystals are
present. Now whilst we haven't observed halos on other worlds just yet, we do
think they should exist due to the physics. In fact some people have worked
out what they think the ice halos on other worlds should look like. And as I
said before ice crystals can exist within the near vacuum of space, so it
should be possible for a rainbow like phenomena to come from these ice
crystals as the light hits them. So if you want something that looks like
Thor's Bifrost in space what you really want is an ice halo!
Thanks so much for watching this video, I do hope you enjoyed it.
Be sure to subscribe to my channel if you haven't already to get the latest
physics stuff and do hit that notification button so you don't miss my
next video and I will see you soon.
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Shocking News Qatar & Russia Sign Defence Cooperation Agreement - Duration: 1:49.Qatar and Russia have signed a memorandum-of-understanding (MoU) calling for increased military and technical
cooperation.
The MoU was signed by Qatar's Minister of State for Defence Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah
and his Russian counterpart Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu in Doha on Wednesday, October
25.
According to the Gulf Times, the MoU paves the way for the supply of armaments, including
air defence systems.
Additional specifics were not provided.
In 2017 the Russian defence industry has been making major inroads in the Arab Gulf and
Middle East.
Its most notable commercial success has been the Almaz-Antey S-400 Triumf long-range air
defence system, which has been ordered by Turkey and is now drawing active interest
from Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.
Qatar has charted a significant modernization roadmap for its armed forces.
Of note are Doha's plans for the Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF), which has 24 Dassault Rafale
and 36 Boeing F-15QA fighters on order.
In September, Qatar also signed a letter-of-intent with BAE Systems for 24 Eurofighter Typhoon
multi-role fighters and six Hawk trainer aircraft.
For Qatar, it is worth noting that it is forging a diverse arms supplier pool.
Besides securing combat aircraft from three major suppliers (i.e. the U.S., France and
the U.K), it has ordered land and naval systems from Germany and Italy, respectively.
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Local JFK assassination witness supports planned records release - Duration: 3:00. For more infomation >> Local JFK assassination witness supports planned records release - Duration: 3:00.-------------------------------------------
News 24h Chanel - More than 50 years of theories: JFK file release imminent - Duration: 7:07.News 24h Chanel - More than 50 years of theories: JFK file release imminent
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