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Nutrition Micronutrients:Supplement is safe
Micronutrients are substances, which the body needs only a very small amount, but play a very important role,
In short, it will lead to severe effects on the body, especially young children.
Vitamins include:vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, etc.), and groups of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, etc.).
These substances, which are abundant in many animal and plant foods, are abundant and diverse in Vietnam.
However, many mothers, due to lack of proper knowledge, role, as well as the needs of micronutrients,
Should give the child improper nutrition, if excess, also have many health effects.
In a recent report (2013), the National Institute of Nutrition found that Vietnamese children aged 6 months to 12 years lacked micronutrients.
More than 50% of children, deficient in micronutrients such as vitamins A, B1, C, D and iron,
That shows that traditional meals, not meet the needs of children, in the rapid development stage.
There are 3 important micronutrient deficiencies that are affecting public health:iodine deficiency goiter, iron deficiency anemia, and dry eyes due to lack of vitamin A.
In addition, the current problem is also of concern, such as rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency, because the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies, which will affect human stature.
1. Roles and manifestations of micronutrient deficiencies.
Vitamins, minerals have many biological roles, participate in the metabolism in the body.̉
Minerals are important constituents of the body, calcium, and phosphorus, which are the main components of bones and teeth.
Minerals have many effects, in the physiological and metabolic functions of the body, maintaining the osmotic pressure.
Eat less mineral, will cause many diseases.
Parents, needing to sunbathe enough hours, and eating foods high in vitamin D, to prevent rickets for children.
Nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency is iron component of hemoglobin, participating in the transport of oxygen and important role in cellular respiration.
Iron deficiency causes anemia.
This is a common condition in children.
In case of anemia, children often have:blue skin, mucous membrane, tongue, pale eyes.
Children are less active, less educated, less focused or sleepy.
With severe anemia, children often have respiratory infections, and infections.
Iron requirements in children aged 6 to 11 months:12.4 mg daily, children 1 to 3 years 7.7 mg per day, 7 to 9 years:11.9 mg per day, 10 to 14 years:19, 5mg daily.
Iron is supplied to the body from two sources of food:food animals (beef, egg yolk, heart, liver, kidney, fish, etc),
and plant foods, (beans, beans, green leafy vegetables, mushrooms, mushrooms, etc).
To increase the absorption of iron, eat ripe fruits, to provide more vitamin C.
Rickets due to lack of calcium and vitamin D:In the body, calcium is in a special position, 98% of calcium is in the bone and teeth,
Therefore, calcium is essential, for children with growing skeleton.
Rickets in children, mainly due to lack of vitamin D.
When vitamin D deficiency, reduce calcium absorption in the intestine, the body will mobilize calcium from bones into the blood, causing disorder of bone mineralization.
Early manifestations of rickets are, the child is crying, vomiting, sleep disturbance,
Hair loss, slow healing, soft protuberance, head enlargement, slow growing teeth, chest tightness, slow sitting, walking, deformed bone (legged ring, bowl).
The deformity of the bones, which reduces the height of the child.
The need for calcium for one day, children 6 to 11 months:400mg, 1 to 3 years 500mg, 4 to 6 years 600mg, 7 to 9 years:700mg, 10 years:1000mg.
Children's vitamin D demand is 5mcg per day (equivalent to 200 international units - UI).
Foods high in calcium include shrimp, shrimp, crab, fish, milk, spinach, spinach, spinach and so on.
Vitamin D is found in fish liver oil, fish, liver, chicken eggs, and so on.
Idiots from iodine deficiency:iodine is a micronutrient, essential for the development of the body,
It is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, maintaining body temperature, bone growth, differentiation, and development of the brain and nervous system during fetal life.
When the body is deficient in iodine, the thyroid gland works more to produce more thyroid hormones, so the thyroid gland grows, causing goiter.
Children with iodine deficiency, mental retardation, slow growth, speech loss, drowsiness, poor learning, lack of weight, children may be dumb.
The need for iodine in children is about 90 to 120mcg per day.
Foods that are high in iodine are sea fish, seaweed, watercress, algae, and so on.
Zinc deficiency, zinc deficiency:zinc plays an important role, in the growth process, immunity, helping the body metabolize energy, forming organizations.
Zinc deficiency leads to slow growth, anorexia, decreased resistance, or infections, malnutrition and developmental delays.
Zinc demand of small children 5 to 6mg per day.
Foods containing many zinc include:egg yolk, oysters, clams, oysters, eels, snails, radishes, soya beans, and so on.
Vitamin A deficiency and dry eye disease:vitamin A plays an important role, especially for young children,
Helps children grow and develop normally, enhance immunity, protect the corneal epithelium, skin, mucosa.
In lack of children, slow growth, stunted, or infected with infectious diseases, such as diarrhea, respiratory infection, lack of severe will dry corneal ulcers, leading to blindness.
Vitamin A needs in children 400 to 500mcg per day.
Foods rich in vitamin A such as:meat, liver, eggs, milk, eel, and so on.
Green vegetables, yellow, red, (gac, carrot, pumpkin, mango, papaya), are beta carotene, (pre-vitamin A).
2. What to do to prevent micronutrient deficiencies?
Micronutrients are substances that are essential for the survival of the body, but the need is very small,
It can be measured in mcg to mg, but when deficiency causes serious consequences.
Therefore, the prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, is essential for everyone, especially children.
Proactive, safe and active micronutrient control, especially through food sources, to supplement vitamins,
and minerals in each meal, recommended nutritionists, meals should be diverse,
Various combinations, from four food groups, and constantly changing, from the beginning of the new baby to eat supplement, (eat miles).
Encourage mothers to breastfeed immediately after childbirth, to breastfeed young colostrum, because in colostrum, high levels of vitamin A, help children healthy, increase resistance and disease.
Babies need to be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months because breastmilk is a natural source of food that has enough micronutrients to meet the needs of the baby.
In Vietnam, there are programs for prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A prevention program,
By taking vitamin A supplements, children from 6 to 36 months, twice a year,
High doses of vitamin A, vitamin A supplements for severely malnourished children, prolonged diarrhea, persistent pneumonia.
Iodine deficiency prevention program, by encouraging all families to use iodized salt, and iodine, (fish sauce, seasoning powder), in food preparation.
Prevention of nutritional anemia, by giving pregnant women iron tablets - folic acid, throughout pregnancy.
At present, to prevent micronutrient deficiencies, mothers should also know,
And you need to choose micronutrient supplements, such as calcium fortified snacks, iron, fortified with vitamin A, vitamin fortified with minerals, and so on.
Doctor, doctor:Cao Thi Hau.
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