- Hi, thanks for joining us for
The Family Plot: Gardening in the Mid-South.
I'm Chris Cooper.
Would you broadcast an incomplete fertilizer
over your volunteered ephemerals?
What does that even mean?
Today, we're defining gardening terms.
Also, fall is a good time to do some tool maintenance,
so they're ready to go into spring.
That's just ahead on The Family Plot:
Gardening in the Mid-South.
- (female announcer) Production funding for
The Family Plot: Gardening in the Mid-South is provided by:
The WKNO Production Fund,
the WKNO Endowment Fund,
and by viewers like you. Thank you!
[cheerful country music]
- Welcome to the Family Plot,
I'm Chris Cooper.
Joining me today is Dr. Kelly.
Dr. Kelly is our horticulture expert.
And Mr. D. is here.
Howdy!
- It's gonna be fun.
- Ready to go. - Oh you're ready to go?
- Yeah, buddy. - Alright.
So look, we're defining gardening terms.
You always do such a good job with this stuff.
- Thank you very much.
- So let's start with the first one.
- Alright.
- Groundcover. - Groundcover.
Okie, dokie.
That is a low-growing,
typically low-growing plant
that's used in places may not have lawn.
It's also used in places where you have
highly erodible soil. And they don't have
to particularly have to be low growing
because I saw a neighbor of mine,
on his ditch bank, had daylilies
that just totally covered the bank,
kept the weeds out,
and kept the erosion.
So it's a low-growing plant used
in places that you wouldn't have lawn,
or that wouldn't work for lawn
in highly erodible,
under trees where grass can't grow,
a lot of people put groundcover there.
So that what's it is.
- So groundcover.
And again these are terms that horticulturalists
throw out all the time, right? - (Dr. Kelly) Exactly, yeah.
- Like this next one "ephemeral".
We hear that one all the time.
- Yeah, isn't that a good term.
I like saying that, "ephemeral".
- Ephemeral. - Ephemeral.
- Yeah, ain't that a great word?
[Chris laughing]
- That's one he has to work on for a while.
- Oh no, I got it, ephemeral. [Mr. D. laughing]
it's something that's here today and gone tomorrow,
very short lifespan.
And to give you an example
which everybody probably would know
is a lot of our woodland spring flowers are ephemerals.
They will come up like mayapples and trilliums.
You know they will come up,
do their thing,
and then by the heat of the summer,
they're gone,
they've gone dormant.
So they have a very fast season,
and that means they're ephemeral.
So that's what it means. - (Mr. D.) Like my paycheck.
- Yeah. [Chris laughing]
- Alright, ephemeral.
- Here today, gone tomorrow. - (Chris) Gone tomorrow.
- Something that lasts for a very short time.
In other words, it's not can just be plants.
They can be like your paycheck.
[all laughing]
- Alright.
How about this next one, "volunteer"?
This is the Volunteer State, so--
- Yeah, that happens when you don't--
- Football fan. - No, no.
That's what happens when you don't deadhead it.
you get volunteers - (Chris) I like that.
- Which means little seeds that all scattered from plants
that maybe you don't want,
maybe you do want.
So it could be either one.
Volunteers are those plants that come up from seeds
that you didn't plan on.
They can be a good thing,
or they can be a bad thing.
We have some flowers that are very, very prolific re-seeders,
so you can either pull them up,
or transplant them,
or just pull them up and throw them in the compost pile.
But that's a plant that comes up without you doing it,
just volunteered from seeds that got there.
- It's problem with these RoundUp-ready crops
that when you have RoundUp-ready corn,
and you follow with RoundUp-ready soybean,
and you have volunteer RoundUp-ready corn
that comes up next year,
and RoundUp then kill it
across the top and vice versa.
But it's more corn.
You'll see a lot of volunteer corn than cotton and soy bean.
- (Dr. Kelly) A volunteer problem.
- It could be a problem. - It could be a problem.
Alright, so volunteer.
This next term,
very popular term these days, "organic".
- Oh, yeah yeah yeah, organic.
Everybody wants to grow stuff organic,
or buy organic.
That's a term that's used kind of loosely sometimes,
but the definition...
We got two definitions.
One of them if you talk about something that is organic,
that means that it is derived from living matter,
and it's a carbon-based organism.
You're gonna get scientific about it.
But when we talk about organic food, organic farming,
that's a type of production
that does not allow if you're certified
through organic programs,
does not allow artificial or synthetic type chemicals
and pesticides and those kind of things.
So everything used has to be organic.
Organic fertilizers, organic pesticides
for it to be truly organic produce.
That's what it has to be.
- Well, you hear Mr. D. talk about that as well.
- (Dr. Kelly & Mr. D.) Yeah. - Organic.
Alright, "broadcast".
- That's what we're doing, right?
[Chris laughing]
We're broadcasting, right? - Exactly.
- [laughs] That is a type of fertilizing technique, okay.
That means you just get your hand in the bucket
and sling it,
or you can use a spreader.
Put your fertilizer in the spreader,
and do this, and just sling it every which way.
That's called broadcast.
- Or you can do with the seed also.
- Well sure, it can be seed.
Yeah, it can be seed.
But it's an application, maybe technique
for seeds and fertilizers,
as opposed to maybe side dressing
where you put the fertilizer in a band next to the crop,
or soluble fertilize which you put through water.
So it's a type of technique of application.
- Application technique. - Yup.
- That's an agricultural term
that's the broadcast media picked up.
I mean it originally -- - They got it from us.
- Is an agricultural term-- - They stole our word.
- and it's got gricultural roots.
You're right.
We should have gotten it copyrighted.
- They're getting credit for it
- [Chris laughing] Interesting, I didn't know that.
- We should have put a footnote to that.
- Well, "broadcast".
You're talking about "broadcast",
you're gonna be talking about fertilizers, right?
So "complete, incomplete fertilizers".
- Yeah yeah.
People will say, "Okay well, I need a complete fertilizer."
A gardener or somebody with the garden store or something,
or the co-op will say,
"Well, you really need complete fertilizers."
All that means is
the analysis has all three numbers
like triple 13, triple 8.
That means there's nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
It has all three nutrients in that fertilizer.
The three main ones,
so it's complete.
Now if you have something like ammonium nitrate
which has got nitrogen which should be 34-0-0.
See that has no phosphorous,
has no potassium.
So that is an incomplete fertilizer.
But complete means it's got all three nutrients.
- (Chris) All right. - N, P and K
- (Chris) N, P and K. - Yeah.
Our next gardening term is "frass".
- Who? - "Frass"
[Chris and Dr. Kelly laughing] - I know that's an odd word.
- It is. - And that is actually
a byproduct of wood-boring insects.
When they bore into something,
you'll see all this frass coming out,
and it can be part of the saw dust,
or it can be something that the insects are passing.
It's what's called "frass".
And it just looks like a little,
almost like coffee grounds sometimes.
- (Chris) Um-hmm. - Yeah. But it's a
product of wood-boring insects that you'll find,
and other boring insects
- Okay. - Frass.
- Frass. - Yeah, I know.
- Alright, our next gardening term is "zeroscaping".
- Yeah, that's a term that is getting a lot of press now.
It's because that people are
concerned with conserving water.
That is a type of landscaping
where that you do limit your irrigation.
You limit the type of plants
that require a lot of water.
You wanna go more toward
the plants that are more arid
that don't require a lot of water.
So it's a type of landscaping that incorporates
water conservation techniques like mulching,
or picking species that do not require a lot of water.
You know like the succulents and cacti,
and yuccas and things like that.
Definitely, they've been doing out west forever
because they don't have any choice.
Here we can conserve water the same way
by going more toward this kind of landscaping.
- "Zeroscaping", I like that.
Out next gardening term is "zone".
- Yeah, we're in the zone.
- We're in the zone. - We're in the zone, exactly.
[Chris laughing]
- Well, [laughs] the United States is divided into
all of these plant zones,
and they're based on
the average minimum winter temperature.
Which means, and there's a lot,
I don't know how many zones all across the US,
I'm almost gonna look up a guide,
it's a bunch [Chris laughing]
like 13 or something, I don't remember.
And they go up as you go down.
In other words, like 9 and 10,
it'll be Florida and all this stuff.
But we're in 7B North Mississippi.
I think Memphis is like 7B 8A.
- (Chris) Yes, 7B 8A.
Carol Reese would tell you so.
- (Dr. Kelly) It's both, it's just kind of--
- (Mr. D.) It's one of those zones that
goes up, and goes up along the Mississippi--
- Yeah of course, the river.
It's a heat-retaining body of water,
so you're gonna get a different plant zone
along big bodies of water and mountain ranges
and this kind of thing,
but it's based on ranges of minimum winter temperatures.
For example, 7B where I live,
we can assume in a typical winter
that we're gonna have.
The lowest temperature's gonna fall in the range
from 5 to 10 degrees.
Sometimes you think, "Well, that's awfully cold."
But do you know that we actually do get that cold.
It may be just one day,
or a couple of days.
It's all for plant hardiness.
- (Mr. D.) That's all it takes.
- We have these plant zones to help us decide,
based on that plant's winter hardiness
to the cold temperature,
what would be the recommended plants for our zone.
So landscapers use it,
gardeners use it.
It's usually on the plant's label.
- (Chris) It's on the label.
- Yeah, zone 8, zone 9.
And if you're zone 9
that means that that plant
would not take a cold winter up here
because that temperature range it's gonna be higher.
I told you when the numbers go up,
the temperatures go up.
- (Chris) Good stuff.
- Yeah, you have to look at it and say,
"Okay well, I can't grow that plant here."
But that's never stopped the gardener from trying, right?
- Sure it didn't stop gardners,
they're gonna try it anyway.
You know that.
- Yeah, but that's what that's about.
- All right, thank you Dr. Kelly.
- Yeah.
[cheerful country music]
- (Chris) There are a number of gardening
events going on in the next couple of weeks.
Here are just a few that might interest you.
[cheerful country music]
Alright, Mr. D.,
gardening things to do over the winter.
What do we need to do?
- The main thing you need to do is
take care of your tools.
- (Chris) Because-- - You take care of your tool,
you tool will take care of you.
[Chris laughing] And I have some examples of
tools that have been taken care of,
and they provided
a living for a family of six,
sent six of them to college,
six kids to college
on a little 128-acre farm
in West Tennessee.
This is an example right here.
This is a hoe that was probably purchased in the mid-60s
by my dad.
This was used...
This was weed control
on the farm.
We had eight of them,
a crew of eight:
six kids and mom and dad.
We took 16 rows around
when we were in full operational mode.
With any hand tool,
the rust is usually your enemy.
So the main thing that you need to do is
make sure that you have your metal cleaned,
and all the dirt removed from it.
[Chris laughing]
- And that's the number one thing
- (Chris) That's number one, okay.
You clean it off, unlike some folks do.
- I wonder what he was looking at.
- Yeah.
- I'm looking at that shovel over there.
- I know, I know.
[laughing]
- But clean the dirt, and then rust.
You may need to even use some sandpaper at times,
and likely coat it with oil.
Back in the day,
we didn't use WD-40.
We didn't use new oil.
We used burned cylinder oil
we had left over when we changed the oil in the tractors,
and the mowers and things like that.
The handles are very...
This is the original handle on this hoe.
It's survived probably several snake killings by my mother,
but it's a hickory handle.
- (Dr. Kelly) Really smooth.
- It is smooth.
The way you take care of good quality handles is
if it's rough,
if you have any rough edges,
lightly sand it.
- (Dr. Kelly) You're gonna get blisters if you don't.
- Yeah, you will get blisters,
and you'll get blisters if you do.
[Chris & Dr. Kelly laughing]
You have to watch out and [Chris & Dr. Kelly laughing]
you may have to wear gloves.
But we didn't wear gloves.
You develop calluses pretty quick
when we were using these things as a kid.
Lightly sand it and then coat it with linseed oil
before you go into the winter.
Boiled linseed oil is a really good product
to preserve wood.
I would just pour some
on a rag like this.
I'll go and do that.
I haven't done that this winter.
Might make a little bit of a mess,
but that's okay.
Little dab will do ya.
That's why this can is so old.
- (Chris) Yeah, it looks old.
It's been around for a while. - It lasts a lot of years.
But if you just take that.
I'm gonna try not to hit you, Dr. Kelly.
- I know [Chris laughing]
- Come around here like so,
[Dr. Kelly laughing]
and you just take this
you rub it up and down the handle.
Smell it? - (Dr. Kelly) I do.
I like to smell linseed oil. - Come back around here
a little bit.
I need a little bit more.
- So you do that every fall?
- Every fall. - Yup.
- So you don't have to worry about it anymore.
- Yeah.
- He practices what he preaches.
- I can tell
- I mean look at it. - You can look at that handle
and know that it's been--
- With some things, I practice--
as far as going through. - Polish them.
- Come around here again.
[rag scraping]
[Dr. Kelly & Chris laughing]
I'm trying to think if I have anything,
I don't have anything against you at all.
[Chris laughing] - (Dr. Kelly) I hope not.
Weapon in your hand.
- That will take care of that one for the winter.
I do the same thing with my ax handles,
and shovel handles, and... - Oh yeah, smell that.
If you have a fiber glass handle,
or plastic handle,
or metal handle,
- (Chris) Uh-oh.
- There's no need to do this. [Chris & Dr. Kelly laughing]
There's absolutely no need to do this.
But there's something about a hickory handle.
Folks, it's just something about it.
[ax clanging]
There we are. - Nice.
- Shovel. - Ah, look at him.
- Oh, that's an old one.
- Once I've got this cloth saturated pretty good,
I won't put any more on it.
That's a sharp shooter.
This is probably
- (Lelia) Boy, you got that one shined up.
- This sharp shooter is probably,
probably bought it in the mid-80s.
Early mid-80s.
- That looks good, though.
- But do that with your hand tools.
Pruning shears, oil them, sharpen them.
Clean them up.
I mean it's gonna be time to prune pretty soon.
But take care of your tools,
your lawn mowers, your tillers,
and things like that.
Clean them up.
I like to rub not linseed oil,
but I like to rub
oil on the metal area that might rust.
Just wipe it on there.
- So you do this after every time you use it?
- No no.
- No, I mean the cleaning the--
- The metal, I do.
- You clean the dirt off, right.
- I clean the dirt off,
and I will coat it with oil.
- (Dr. Kelly) That's what I was asking, yeah.
- Yeah, after every use.
If you don't do that,
if you leave dirt on there,
it will rust,
unless you have stainless steel.
- Well, I have to say that I've been known to do that.
[Chris laughing]
I'm glad you're not looking at my tools.
- Yeah [laughs]
but also with your...
On the mowers,
they're small engines,
there's a couple of things you can do.
You can run the fuel completely out of them.
- (Chris) I was gonna ask about that.
- They're gonna be completely empty.
Or you can make sure you use fuel stabilizer in your fuel.
I recommend using non-ethanol fuel in small engines.
- (Chris) Non-ethanol. - Non-ethanol fuel.
And you can get it in a lot of places now.
It's used to be kind of hard to find.
Even small engine repair shops,
they'll tell you, they'll recommend
using non-ethanol fuel. - Yeah, they do.
Even some of the manufacturers'
directions now would tell you.
For these little small engines,
don't ever use the other type.
- Even when you do that,
when you use the non-ethanol fuel,
put fuel stabilizer in it.
I put fuel stabilizer in all my fuel
for all my small engines,
then store them full.
Fill the tanks up and store them full.
Make sure you run some through the carburetor,
or through the fuel injection system.
So that the engine has that in there.
Clean out your sprayers. - (Chris) Yeah sprayers, right
- Drain them, clean them out.
Clean out your nozzles.
Hang them upside down,
and make sure the sprayers completely drained.
You do all that, you'll be ready to go.
- You're ready to go.
Good stuff, I do appreciate that.
[cheerful country music]
- Well, we're out here in the WKNO garden.
And this is a raised bed.
Two years ago, we planted it with strawberries.
It may look a little thin right now,
but this last summer,
we harvested over 250 plants from here.
We did use a ground cloth underneath it.
And you'll notice this is pretty much weed-free.
We do want to clean up some of this dead foliage.
It's kind of like pansies.
They don't look very pretty in the winter time,
but as soon as it starts warming up,
they'll take off,
and we have a whole bunch of more plants.
Even more important,
a whole bunch of strawberries.
Then as winter time is coming on real quick,
we really don't wanna fertilize
at this time of the year.
But in the spring,
when you start seeing new growth,
it'll be advantageous to go ahead and apply
a balanced fertilizer.
It contains nitrogen, phosphorous, maybe potassium.
The three basic numbers for fertilizer.
[cheerful country music]
- So it's the Q & A session,
y'all ready?
- Yeah. - These are good questions.
Alright, We'll start with the first viewer email.
"What will cause the sap to run out of peach trees?
How can we stop it?"
This is from Donna.
Mr. D., this has your name on it.
- (Mr. D.) Peach Tree Borers. Classic.
- (Dr. Kelly) Yeah. Oh, it's bad too.
- That's a classic infestation. They got a bad case of it.
That tree is probably gonna die.
- (Dr. Kelly) Yeah.
- Now, if that's the trunk.
I can't tell if that's the trunk.
- Or a limb. - it's probably gonna die.
But if it's just a limb,
it's probably the lesser peach tree borer.
And in that case,
only the limb will die.
- (Dr. Kelly) I believe it looked like the trunk.
- It looked like a trunk to me
which is a regular peach tree borer.
And the only way to handle that
is to prevent it from occurring.
And you prevent it from occurring by spraying
with either Esfenvalerate or Gamma-cyhalothrin.
They're the products recommend now.
We're used to recommend Dursban.
- Dursban, yeah. [cross-talking]
- And before that Lindane.
- Oh yeah, I remember Lindane.
- That's going way back.
But the things that you can use now are...
These are synthetic pyrethroids,
Esfenvalerate or Gamma-cyhalothrin.
Remember this.
You need to spray,
in our area, in the Mid-South areas,
you need to spray May 31,
June 30, July 15,
but not within 14 days of harvest.
So if you have real early peaches,
you may want to stop that last spray.
But direct your sprays to the trunk and lower limbs.
You don't have to spray the whole tree
with this product.
And if you do that,
you need to do that to every peach, plum,
and nectarine tree that you have--
- [Chris laughing] - religiously.
- (Chris) I was waiting for you to say that.
- If you do that,
you shouldn't have a problem.
Unless the rain washes it all off
and you didn't go back and redo it, right.
- It's problem, yeah.
- It is really a problem.
- And you're trying to disrupt the lifecycle of that insect
that's laying those eggs.
It's the larvae that causes the damage.
- (Chris) Burrows in, right.
It's little wasp-looking thing
that lay the eggs then they all--
- (Chris) Go right in. - (Dr. Kelly) Bores in there.
Once it's in there.
There's nothing you can do.
- That female...
Those dates that we mentioned.
That's when she's active.
That's when she's laying eggs.
There's some residual to these products
and they last a couple of weeks.
So that's why you're trying to make sure
when that female lands and sits there
that there's an insecticide there.
- (Chris) Right, you gotta time it out.
Alright, Ms. Donna.
You heard it from Mr. D., gotta time it out.
Okay, here's the next viewer email.
"What is this plant?
"The flower's about three weeks old
"in the picture.
"The foliage is light
"and it has a fragrance.
"I would love more of these flowers.
How do I encourage it?"
And this is from Ms. Donna Holly Springs, Mississippi.
So what do we think that plant is?
This wild flower.
That has this fragrance. - I have had it volunteer
in my garden as well.
So it is seed propagated.
It's one way. - Oh, it's seed propagated.
And it is...
Some people don't like the smell of it.
It's called camphorweed or stink weed.
Stink weed for those who don't like the smell of it.
It's rather pungent,
rather pungent.
I particularly don't like it.
But if she likes it and wants to encourage it.
You can take cuttings from the roots.
You can do root propagation.
Or if she just leaves alone,
she'll probably get some more
from volunteering from the seeds.
Don't cut their seed.
Don't deadhead. - (Chris) Don't deadhead.
- Don't deadhead, yeah.
So yeah, it's a pluchea odorata
which is a native,
one of our native in the wild flowers.
- (Chris) Odorata. - (Dr. Kelly) Odorata.
- (Chris) Odor-ata - You know what that means?
It means stinky good or stinky bad.
[all laughing]
- Perennial?
- No. - Not a perennial.
- I don't think so.
- Uh-uh. - Okay.
But she wants to encourage it.
There's one that smells like a medicine.
We talked about it,
it's almost like -- - Yeah yeah, like --
- Vicks VapoRub. - Vicks, right.
- Yeah, or Solstice.
They're all Solstice.
- That's the reason why it's called camphorweed I guess.
- Yeah, camphorweed. - Um-hmm.
- So there you have it, Ms. Donna.
Yeah, and wild flower.
Somebody may want some of these.
- And they're pretty. - So if your garden smells
like a drug store,
and that's probably what you got.
- And they got this pretty kind of pinkish flowers.
They are pretty. - (Chris) Beautiful flowers.
Alright, Ms. Donna, thank you.
Next viewer email.
"I have a gray fungus-looking substance
"that's appeared in my yard.
"It also looks like it could be tiny eggs of some sort.
"I first noticed it a couple weeks ago,
"and it has lasted,
"and wasn't washed away from the very recent,
"and at times heavy rain.
"Do you have any ideas,
"and should I take action?
"I did cut the grass and bag the clippings, a few days later
whatever it is has come back with new growth."
And this is from Ron.
Mr. D., we know what that is, don't we?
- Has it got anything to do with Halloween?
[Chris laughing]
- The creeping fungus.
- Slime mold. - Slime mold.
This is what that is.
- And it's not a problem.
- It's not a problem, just a cosmetic issue.
- If it bothers you, get out there and mow it or
sweep it off. - (Chis) Keep it mowed.
- We're going into cold season,
it's gonna disappear anyway.
- But you know what?
That's my thought. - Don't worry about it.
- This looks like a warm-season grass.
It's gonna go dormant here a little bit.
I wouldn't even worry about it.
- Do nothing.
- Go back in the house.
- Don't worry about it - Keep your feet up.
- Yeah, keep your feet up.
The grass is gonna go dormant.
You can go dormant too.
- Yeah, exactly. - Don't worry about it.
So there you have it Ron. - Exactly.
- So Mr. D., Dr. Kelly.
That was fun, thank you.
- Thank you.
- Remember we love to hear from you,
send us a email or letter.
The email address is FamilyPlot@WKNO.org,
and the mailing address is
Family Plot, 7151 Cherry Farms Rd,
Cordova, Tennessee 38016.
Or you can go online to FamilyPlotGarden.com
That's all we have the time for today.
Thanks for joining us.
We only have a few more episodes left this growing season.
Go to FamilyPlotGarden.com
for suggestions and good advice
to get an early jump on next year's garden.
I'm Chris Cooper.
Make sure to join us next week for
The Family Plot: Gardening in the Mid-South.
Be safe!
[cheerful country music]
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