Can you hear the difference between the words
Can you say these words accurately?
Can you say the sentence:
Accurately, like this?
The English sounds we are going to work on today are the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ gliding vowels.
The /aɪ/ as in:
and the /eɪ/ as in:
The general problem Vietnamese speakers of English have with English gliding vowels is that
they don't realize that gliding vowels are actually made up of two sounds:
the /ɔʊ/ is made up of an /ɔ/ and an /ʊ/, the /aɪ/ has an /a/ and an /ɪ/,
while the /eɪ/ is made up of an /e/ and an /ɪ/.
This is why we also call gliding vowels "diphthongs", where the "di-" prefix means "two".
The word "gliding" means "to move with a smooth and continuous motion",
so the "gliding" part of "gliding vowels" refers to the characteristic of these sounds
whereby you have to "glide" (or move smoothly) from one vowel sound to the next.
However, Vietnamese people usually only pronounce the first sound and skip the second one,
especially when the gliding vowel is followed by a consonant.
There are two specific mistakes that Vietnamese people make
with the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/ gliding vowels when speaking English:
First, with the /aɪ/ vowel the problem is that
people in Vietnam say an /ʌ/ sound instead of the /aɪ/ sound.
So they will say "tum" instead of "time",
"dumb" instead of "dime" and "mum" instead of "mime".
Second, with the /eɪ/ vowel the problem is that
Vietnamese speakers of English say an /e/ or sometimes an /ӕ/ sound instead of the /eɪ/ sound.
So they will say "pen" or "pan" instead of "pain",
"men or "man" instead of "main" and "west" instead of "waste".
Mispronouncing the /eɪ/ sound is probably the biggest problem
of the errors in connection with gliding vowels,
because in English we have a lot of words that have the /eɪ/ sound,
and many of these words are basic verbs that we use a lot, like "make" and "take".
In this video:
We will learn how to say words with the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ gliding vowels correctly.
We will examine how we typically spell words with these sounds.
We will practice saying words and sentences with the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/.
And we will test your newly acquired skills.
So, let's correct these mistakes and start SPEAKING accurate English.
Are you with me?
Let's go!
Some words with the English /aɪ/ gliding vowel are quite challenging
for a lot of Vietnamese people,
so let's learn to make this sound accurately.
The /aɪ/ sound has two parts:
a starting /a/ sound and an ending /ɪ/ sound,
and you have to pronounce BOTH the /a/ and then the /ɪ/
to make sure that foreigners don't misunderstand you.
The /aɪ/ in itself is not difficult for Vietnamese people,
so they can say words like "bye", "tie" and "my" correctly.
However, when the /aɪ/ is followed by a consonant,
Vietnamese forget to say the /ɪ/ sound and they only say the /a/ sound.
Let's look at the example word "time".
This word has four sounds:
/t/, /a/, /ɪ/ and /m/:
So after the /a/ sound
we cannot immediately jump to the /m/ sound,
we have to say the /ɪ/ first.
After the /a/ sound, the lips do not close immediately,
but the jaw and the tongue move up,
and the tongue touches the upper teeth on the sides to make the /ɪ/ sound,
before the mouth closes completely for the /m/ sound.
Since we have to say this /ɪ/ vowel as well
and because we need some time to move our jaw and tongue from the bottom /a/ position to the upper /ɪ/ position,
the /aɪ/ cannot be said as a short sound.
Compare the /aɪ/ sound to the /ʌ/ sound:
the /aɪ/ is longer and the jaw and tongue are moving while you are saying it,
whereas the /ʌ/ is shorter and the mouth doesn't move during the sound:
short /ʌ/ - gliding /aɪ/ - short /ʌ/ - gliding /aɪ/
Therefore, when practicing the /aɪ/ sound,
focus on the /ɪ/ part and how your tongue comes up
and touches your upper teeth in the back,
before your mouth closes completely for the /m/ sound:
Here are some words with the /aɪ/ sound:
Pause this video and practice saying these words with the correct /aɪ/ sound.
Remember that the /aɪ/ is not a short sound
and that you need to say the /ɪ/ sound after the /a/ sound.
So it's NOT /tʌm/, it's "time" and
it's NOT /tʌ:m/, it's "time".
If you find it difficult to say the /aɪ/ correctly in these words
and if you hear that you miss the /ɪ/ part of /aɪ/,
then first try saying the words without the final consonant
and feel your tongue coming up on the /ɪ/ sound.
When you can do this well,
only then add the final consonant,
but first put a little gap between the /aɪ/ and the final consonant
and then gradually take away this gap:
Don't forget to use a mirror to check
that after the /a/ sound your tongue and jaw move up to make the /ɪ/ sound.
Pause now.
Mispronouncing the /eɪ/ vowel as a simple /e/ or /ӕ/ sound
is by far the biggest mistake in connection with gliding vowels,
because in English we have dozens of minimal pairs for the /eɪ/ vs the /e/ and /ӕ/.
So there is a high chance that a foreigner will find your spoken English difficult to understand
if you cannot say the /eɪ/ correctly.
The /eɪ/ sound has two parts:
a starting /e/ sound and an ending /ɪ/ sound,
and you have to pronounce BOTH the /e/ and then the /ɪ/
to make the right sound: /e-ɪ/, /e-ɪ/, /eɪ/
As with the /aɪ/ sound,
the /eɪ/ in itself is not difficult for Vietnamese people,
so they can say words like "bay", "may" and "pay" correctly.
However, when the /eɪ/ is followed by a consonant,
Vietnamese forget to say the /ɪ/ sound and they only say the /e/ sound.
Let's look at the example word "make".
This word has four sounds: /m/, /e/, /ɪ/ and /k/.
So after the /e/ sound we cannot immediately jump to the /k/ sound,
we have to say the /ɪ/ first.
After the /e/ sound the jaw and the tongue move up,
and the tongue touches the upper teeth on the sides to make the /ɪ/ sound,
before the back of the tongue moves up to make the /k/ sound.
This moving up of the tongue is the same movement
that is necessary to make the /ɪ/ sound in /aɪ/, as we have learned it earlier.
Since we have to say this /ɪ/ vowel as well
and because we need some time to move our jaw and tongue
from the /e/ position to the upper /ɪ/ position,
the /eɪ/ cannot be said as a short sound.
Let's compare the /eɪ/ sound to the /e/ and /ӕ/ sounds:
the /eɪ/ is longer and the jaw and tongue are moving while you are saying it,
whereas the /e/ and /ӕ/ are shorter and the mouth doesn't move during the sound:
short /e/ - gliding /eɪ/ - short /ӕ/ - gliding /eɪ/
Therefore, when practicing the /eɪ/ sound,
focus on the /ɪ/ part and how your tongue comes up and touches your upper teeth in the back,
before you make the /k/ sound:
Here are some words with the /eɪ/ sound:
Pause this video
and practice saying these words with the correct /eɪ/ sound.
Remember that the /eɪ/ is not a short sound
and that you need to say the /ɪ/ sound after the /e/ sound.
So it's NOT /mek/, it's /meɪk/,
and it's NOT /me:k/, it's /meɪk/.
If you find it difficult to say the /eɪ/ correctly in these words
and if you hear that you miss the /ɪ/ part of /eɪ/,
then first try saying the words without the final consonant
and feel your tongue coming up on the /ɪ/ sound.
When you can do this well, only then add the final consonant,
but first put a little gap between the /eɪ/ and the final consonant
and then gradually take away this gap:
Another trick you can use is to change the spelling of the words a little
so that they will look more like what we actually say.
For example, imagine that "plane" is spelled "PLAY-N",
"make" is "MAY-K", "made" is "MAY-D",
"main" is "MAY-N", and so on.
This just might trick your brain into believing
that in fact there is an /ɪ/ sound after /e/.
Don't forget to use a mirror to check that after the /e/ sound
your tongue and jaw move up to make the /ɪ/ sound.
Pause now.
The spelling of the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ sounds can be a little challenging,
so let's look at the typical ways how to write these sounds.
There are of course always exceptions to rules,
but the following will give you a good understanding of the basic principles:
The /aɪ/ sound:
"I" or "Y" followed by a consonant, followed by a silent "E"
is almost always pronounced as /aɪ/, like in the words
This is the actual function of the silent "E" at the end of words:
it turns the vowel immediately before it into a gliding vowel or a long vowel
"IGH" is almost always pronounced as /aɪ/:
Some words with irregular spelling are:
Now let's see the typical ways of spelling the /eɪ/ sound:
"A" followed by a consonant, followed by a silent "E"
is almost always pronounced as /eɪ/, like in the words
Again, as with the spelling of the /aɪ/ sound,
you can see how the silent "E" at the end of words
turns the vowel immediately before it into a gliding vowel
"AI" followed by a consonant (but NOT "R"!)
is almost always pronounced as /eɪ/, like in the words
"AY" and "EY" are almost always pronounced as /eɪ/:
"EIGH" and "AIGH" are usually pronounced as /eɪ/
and the letter "G" is silent in these words:
"EA" is sometimes pronounced as /eɪ/, like in the words:
Vietnamese people usually mispronounce the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ sounds when speaking English
and they say an /ʌ/ sound instead of the /aɪ/ sound
and say an /e/ or /ӕ/ sound instead of the /eɪ/.
So let's look at some minimal pairs to master the English /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ sounds.
Watch and listen to me saying the minimal pairs and focus on the differences.
Remember that the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ gliding vowels have 2 sounds each,
and you have to say an /ɪ/ sound at the end of both.
To do this, the tongue must move all the way up
and slightly touch the upper teeth on the sides after the first sound of /a/ and /e/:
In contrast, the /ʌ/, /e/ and /ӕ/ sounds are simple vowels,
so they only have 1 sound each,
and the mouth stays more open when you say them.
The other difference is that the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/ are longer than the /e/, /ʌ/ and /ӕ/ sounds,
since with the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/ we need more time to say two sounds.
Let's compare the length of the sounds:
Here are some minimal pairs with the /aɪ/ vs /ʌ/ sounds:
Here are some minimal pairs with the /eɪ/ vs /e/ and /ӕ/ sounds:
Pause this video and practice saying these minimal pairs
and focus on saying the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ sounds accurately.
Focus on the difference in the lip positions and use a mirror to get it right.
Also, make sure that you are not saying a long /ʌ:/ instead of the /aɪ/ sound
or a long /e:/ sound instead of the /eɪ/.
It's /taɪm/, not /tʌ:m/,
and /meɪk/, not /me:k/.
When we say the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/,
the tongue must come up to make the /ɪ/ sound:
Pause now.
In the first activity,
we will test your ability to distinguish the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ gliding vowels
from the /ʌ/, /e/, and /ӕ/ simple vowels in words.
You will hear 4 words, and you will have to make 4 decisions.
We start at "1".
After hearing each word, you'll have to make a decision:
turn left or turn right, based on what sound you hear in each word.
First, we will work with the /aɪ/ sounds vs the /ʌ/ sound.
If you hear the /ʌ/ sound in the word, you have to turn to the left,
If you hear the /aɪ/ sound in the word, you have to turn to the right.
After 4 words, we will arrive in a city.
Your job is to correctly guess the name of the city, where we have arrived.
Let's do an example:
We're going to the right
We're going to the left
We're going to the left
We're going to the right
And we are in Miami.
Can you hear the /aɪ/ sound in the first syllable of of "MIami"?
In the first set of words I will say each word twice.
Are you ready?
Where are we?
Write the name of the city in the comments.
In the second set of words I will say each word only once.
Are you ready?
Where are we?
Let's do a few rounds with new rules,
to learn to distinguish the /eɪ/ sound from the /e/ and /ӕ/ sounds.
If you hear the /e/ or /ӕ/ sound in the word, you have to turn to the left,
and if you hear the /eɪ/ sound in the word, you have to turn to the right.
In the first and second set of words I will say each word twice.
Are you ready?
Where are we?
Write the name of the city in the comments.
The second set of words.
Are you ready?
In the third and fourth set of words I will say each word only once.
Are you ready?
Where are we?
Fourth set of words.
Are you ready?
Where are we?
Write the name of the cities in the comments.
This second activity will improve and test your ability
to distinguish the /aɪ/ and /eɪ/ gliding vowels
from the /ʌ/, /e/ and /ӕ/ simple vowels in sentences.
You will see a sentence on the screen,
where one word has two options.
You will hear the sentence with one of the words being said.
Your job is to choose which word was used in the sentence.
Number 1:
The options are "sun" and "sign".
Number 2:
The options are "mums" and "mimes".
Number 3:
The options are "mat" and "mate".
Number 4:
The options are "plan" and "plane"
Number 5:
The options are "test" and "taste"
Number 6:
The options are "pen", "pan" and "pain"
The third and final activity will improve your ability
to say the /aɪ/ and the /eɪ/ sounds accurately in sentences.
Look at the sentences, listen to me saying them
and then pause the video after each sentence and practice.
Focus on saying the sentences accurately and slowly first.
Only say a sentence faster, if you can say it accurately at a lower speed.
Here are the sentences:
Number 1:
Pause now
Number 2:
Pause now
Number 3:
Pause now
Number 4:
Pause now
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